• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.4 no.2 s.13
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• pp.53-59
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• 2004

The mechanism of manhole bursting which occurs at excess rainfall events Is studied by using both the physical model and the numerical model (SWMM ; Storm Water Management Model). The result of numerical simulation to steep pressure rising agrees well with that of the physical model at the sewer system under surcharged flow. A cause of manhole bursting is an expansion and spout of the condensed all at manhole that results from the surcharged flow and press wave propagation caused by gate operation or closure of conduit at pumping station.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1992.10a
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• pp.292-296
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• 1992

There are lots of disturbance in the super heater temperature control system of power plant boiler as follows. 1.Burner light off. 2.Excess Air. 3.Burner tilt. 4.G.R fan flow. Temperature control system of super heater in the power plant has delay time about 5 min. So it is difficult to control the super heater temperature in the power plant. This paper show us the application of domestic development DCS to control the super heater temperature in seoul #5 thermal power plant unit.

• 연구논문집
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• s.27
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• pp.101-108
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• 1997

The characteristics of combustion and emissions in multi-staged oil burner have been experimentally studied for the various range of equivalence ratios, drop sizes and fuel formulations. Malvern system was used to measure droplet size of fuel. Light fuel oil and light fuel oil doped with pyridine($C_5H _5N$) were used to investigate the effects on fuel NOx emission. The emissions of NO and CO in exhaust gas and the flame temperatures were measured by the gas analyzer and thennocouples. NOx emissions were increased by increasing the excess air ratio (range:$lambda=1.1-1.4$) or decreasing the SMD of droplet in single-staged burner. In comparison with the single-staged burner, the emission of NOx in multi-staged burner was reduced by 50% but CO emission was slightly increased. It is found that multi-staged burner has a good capability in reducing thermal NOx resulting from the distributed heat release rate and lower flame temperature in fuel-rich and fuel-lean combustion zone. Moreover, the fuel NOx emission of the multi-staged burner is lower than that of single-staged burner, because multi-staged burner has fuel rich zone where fuel N is converted to $N_2$ more than NO. In 3-staged burner, the percentage of each stage combustion air have strong influence on emission characteristics. It is also found that NOx emission can be reduced by decreasing inner and outer air percentage or increasing middle air flow rate and CO emission is vice versa.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.267-276
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• 1997

It has been studded that combustion and the production of air pollution of anthracite - bituminous coal blend In a fluidized bed coal combustor, The objects of thIns study were to investigate mixing characteristics of the particles as well as the combustibility of the low grade domestic anthracite coal and Imported h19h calorific bltununous coal in the fluidized bed coal combustor. They were used as coal samples ; the domestic low grade anthracite coal with heating value of 2,010kca1/kg and the Imported high grade bituminous coal with beating value of 6,520kca1/kg. Also, the effects of air flow rate and anthracite fraction on the reaching time of steady state condition have been studied. The experimental results are presented as follows. The time of reaching to steady state was affected by the temperature variation. The steady state time was about 120 minute at 300sc1h which was the fastest. It has been found that $O^2$ and $CO^2$ concentration were reached steady state at about 100 minute. It has been found that $O^2$ concentration decreased and $CO^2$ concentration increased as the height of fluidlzed bed Increased. It was found that splash zone was mainly located from 25cm to 35cm above distributor. Also, as anthracite traction Increased, the mass of elutrlatlon particles Increased, and $CO^2$ concentration decreased. As gk flow rate Increased,$O^2$ concentration decreased and $CO^2$ concentration increased. Regardless of anthracite fraction and flow rate, the uncombustible weight percentage according to average diameter of elutriation particles were approldmately high In the case of One Particles. As anthracite traction and k now rate Increased, elutriation ratio Increased. As anthracite fraction was increased, exit combustible content over feeding combustible content was Increased. Regardless of anthracite fraction, size distribution of Ued material from discharge was almost constant. Over bed temperature 85$0^{\circ}C$ and excess air 20% , the difference of combution efficiencies were little. It is estimate that the combustion condition In anthracite-bituminous coal blend combustion is suitable at the velocity 0.3m/s, bed temperature 85$0^{\circ}C$, the excess air 20%.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.38-46
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• 2023

Carbon neutrality policies have been strengthened to reduce emissions, and the importance of technology road maps has been emphasized. In the global industrial boiler market, carbon neutrality is implemented through fuel diversification of methane-hydrogen mixture gas. However, various problems such as flashback and flame unstability arise. There is a limit to implementing the actual system as it remains in the early stage. Therefore, it is necessary to secure the source technology of methane-hydrogen hybrid combustion system applicable to industrial fields. In this study, control program for methane-hydrogen fuel conversion was developed to expect various parameters. After determining the hydrogen mixing ratio and the input air flow, the fuel conversion control algorithm was constructed to get the parameters that achieve the target oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas. LabVIEW program was used to derive correlations among hydrogen mixing rate, oxygen concentration in exhaust gas, input amount of air and heating value.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.30 no.9
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• pp.948-954
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• 2008

Membrane bioreactor(MBR) processes have been widely applied to wastewater treatment for last decades due to its excellent capability of solid-liquid separation. However, membrane fouling was considered as a limiting factor in wide application of the MBR process. Excess aeration into membrane surface is a common way to control membrane fouling in most MBR. However, the excessively supplied air is easily dissipated in the reactor, which results in consuming energy and thus, it should be modified for effective control of membrane fouling. In this study, cylindrical tube was introduced to MBR in order to use the supplied air effectively. Membrane fibers were immersed into the cylindrical tube. This makes the supplied air non-dissipated in the reactor so that membrane fouling could be controlled economically. Two different air supplying method was employed and compared each other; nozzle and porous diffuser which were located just beneath the membrane module. Transmembrane pressure(TMP) was monitored as a function of airflow rate, flux, and ratio of the tube area and cross-sectioned area of membrane fibers(A$_m$/A$_t$). Flow rate of air and liquid was regulated to obtain slug flow in the cylindrical tube. With the same flow of air supply, nozzle was more effective for controlling membrane fouling than porous diffuser. Accumulation of sludge was observed in the tube with the nozzle, if the air was not suppled sufficiently. Reduction of membrane fouling was dependent upon the ratio, A$_m$/A$_t$. For diffuser, membrane fouling was minimized when A$_m$/A$_t$ was 0.27, but 0.55 for nozzle.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.62-69
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• 2000

Present study deals with performance analysis of an inert gas generator (IGG) which can be used as effective means to suppress fire. The IGG uses a turbo-jet engine to generate inert gas for fire extinguishing. It is generally known that a less degree of oxygen content in the product of combustion will increase the effectiveness of fire extinguishing. An inert gas generator system with water injection has advantages of suffocating and cooling effects that are very important factors for fire extinguishing. Some aspects of influencing parameters, such as, air excess coefficient, compressor pressure ratio, air temperature before combustion chamber, gas temperature after combustion chamber, mass flow rate of water injection etc. on the performance of IGG system are investigated.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.10a
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• pp.299-303
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• 2006

From the analysis of fly ash, which contains unburned carbon, collected from the coal-fired Yong Hung power station, most particles are turned out to be hollow cenosphere and agglomerated soot particles. The sooting potential from six coals used in the plant were investigated with CPD model. The results show that the higher potential presented to Peabody, Arthur, Shenhua coals rather than other coals. It is necessary to measure the coal flow rates at each coal feeding pipe for four burner levels since they affect the extent of mixing of soot with oxidant, in turn, the oxidation rate of soot particles. The unbalance in coal flow rate was found in several coal pipes. We successfully reduced unburned carbon in ash by increasing the excess air and changing the SOFA yaw angle.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2001.06d
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• pp.973-978
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• 2001

Numerical Analysis for liquid fuel combustion of horizontal firing boiler is performed. The mixture-fraction/PDF equilibrium chemistry model is used to predict the combustion of the vaporized fuel. P1 model for radiation effect is used. Superheater, reheater and economizer is modeled using porous with heat sink. Flow and temperature field is investigated, and distribution of thermal $NO_{x}$ and CO is investigated. Computation as the change of excess air and swirling is performed to investigate the change of thermal $NO_{x}$.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.114-120
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• 2006

The basic effects of hydrogen addition for engine performance and emission were investigated in single cylinder research engine. Seven commercial injectors were tested to choose a suitable injector for hydrogen injection prior to its engine implementation. The hydrogen fuel leakage and flow rate were evaluated for each injector and KN3-1(Keihin, CO.) showed the best performance for hydrogen fuel. At the higher excess air ratio(${\lambda}=1.7$, 2.0), the better combustion stability was found with hydrogen addition even though its effect was small at lower excess air ratio (${\lambda}=1.0$, 1.3). Stable operation of the engine was even guaranteed at ${\lambda}=2.0$, if the amount of hydrogen gas was near 15% of total energy. In the lean region, ${\lambda}>1.3$, thermal efficiency was improved slightly while it was not clearly observed at ${\lambda}=1.0$, 1.3. It is considered that, in some cases, high temperature environment due to hydrogen combustion caused further heat loss to surroundings. Except for ${\lambda}=1.0$, with larger amount of hydrogen addition, CO was reduced drastically but it was emitted more at the leaner region. Nitric oxides(NOx) was increased a little more with hydrogen addition at ${\lambda}=1.0$, 1.3. However, at ${\lambda}>1.3$ its relative amount of emission was low. In addition, the amount of NOx was continuously decreased with hydrogen addition, but, at ${\lambda}=2.0$ the amount of NOx was lowered to 1/100 of that of ${\lambda}=1.0$. THC emission was significantly increased as air/fuel ratio was raised to leaner region due to misfire and partial burn.