• 간호행정학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.139-150
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify nursing service costs associated with all health care costs incurred by the institution. Methods: This study was an empirical case study research in which the nursing cost was separated from total medical cost. The nursing cost index was calculated through a cost allocation method after summarizing costs for personnel, raw materials and administration of each department in one public hospital. The 2014 budget plan, published in 'Public Hospitals Alert', was used as data and the data were analyzed using the Microsoft Office EXCEL 2013 program. Results: When comparing total medical costs and nursing costs, the nursing cost were 27.14% of the total medical cost. The nursing cost per nurse per hour was calculated as \29,128 The nursing cost per inpatient per day was calculated as \157,970, and the administration cost per patient was calculated as \133,710. Conclusion: The results of the research present the process of cost allocation of specific cost elements in the hospital and evidence for administrative costs which in the past have been only vaguely formulated. These are the significant implications of this study.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.65-71
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• 2008

Objectives : We intended to know the association between Psychosocial Well-being Index(PWI) and health behaviors and also know the useful health guide according to Sasang Constitution Methods : We recruited the 137 subjects from oriental medical clinics around the country and the expert diagnosed Sasang constitution with drug response guide. We used the PWI-SF paper to estimate psychosocial well-being. We used excel program and analyzed with SPSS 14.0K Results : 1. PWI were associated with no passive smoking, everyday regular exercise, eating anything, much eating vegetable and sea-food, no eating snacks. 2. PWI were associated with no passive smoking, 4-5 times regular exercise a week, unconcern in sanitary thought, less or normal amount of meals in Soeumin, no smoking in Taeeumin, and there were not particularly associated ones in Soyangin Conclusions : Health behaviors for PWI are a little different according to Sasang Constitution.

• 복식
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• 제36권
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• pp.139-148
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• 1998

In order to know what sorts of features of neck form may be required to make plans for tight collars, the neck form of young japanese women were measured three demension-ally using GRASP(Grating Projection System for Profiling) and plaster torso. By the BASIC language in NEC computer and EXCEL program in MACINTOSHI computer, it became possible to draft a number of neck surface auomatically, therefore, we got analysis of a mass of subjects. Thed following results were obtained: 1. There was a large individual difference in the shape of neck, in particular, on the front and side curves of the neck base line, where the undulation of clavicular part of neck and inclination of shoulder are refracted. 2. When designing a stand collar, from the viewpoint of clothing strcture, it is important to grasp exactly the shapes of the neck, such as the line of the neck base, the neck gradient, back neck length, back neck width & girth. 3. According to the somatotypes(turing-over, standard, bending type), there were different the method of the basic collar pattern making.

• 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한설비공학회 2009년도 하계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.218-223
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• 2009

Cost related to building equipment accounts for about 85% of the life cycle cost of buildings. Therefore proper selection of air-conditioning system is important for reducing the overall cost of buildings. In this study, large capacity ice thermal storage and absorption chiller-heater for air-conditioning a building with a floor area of $9,900\;m^2$ are compared economically. For easy input and analysis, an Ms Excel VBA program has been developed. To consider all the factors of initial and operation costs effectively, an annual equal payment method is proposed. Under the assumptions made in this study, overall cost of an absorption chiller-heater is less than that of an ice thermal storage, but this is not absolute and different outcome may result if different assumptions are made. This study is useful for those who are interested in choosing an economical air-conditioning system for large-size buildings with simple calculations.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.11-20
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• 2013

The purpose of the study was to develop a classification of management for the qualitative improvement of the management of multi-family housing. The date were analyzed using the Excel program in terms of frequency and, criticality analysis in order to draw items stage by stage. The process of research was as follows: The first process drew classification of types using the content analysis of the documented studies. The second process examined subcategories according to classification of types via interviews of supervisors. Further, the criticality analysis between the two items was examined. Additionally, when this study surveys and analyzes the satisfactions and importance of management on the basis of the classification, it can have an effect on management by reflecting the result. In conclusion, the classification of the management of multi-family housing will make up the improvement scheme of supplement education, certification related management and management regulations on the characteristics of multi-family housing by types of houses in the future.

• Advances in Computational Design
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.211-223
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• 2017

This research presented a numerical and experimental study on the seismic performance of first-generation base-isolated and fixed-base nuclear power plants (NPP). Three types of the base isolation system were applied to rehabilitate the first-generation nuclear power plants: frictional pendulum (FP), high-damping rubber (HDR) and lead-rubber (LR) base isolation. Also, an Excel program was proposed for the design of the abovementioned base isolators in accordance with UBC 97 and the Japan Society of Base Isolation Regulation. The seismic assessment was performed using the pushover and nonlinear time history analysis methods in accordance with the FEMA 356 regulation. To validate the adequacy of the proposed design procedure, two small-scale NPPs were constructed at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia's structural laboratory and subjected to a pushover test for two different base conditions, fixed and HDR-isolated base. The results showed that base-isolated structures achieved adequate seismic performance compared with the fixed-base one, and all three isolators led to a significant reduction in the containment's tension, overturning moment and base shear.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.69-75
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• 2009

Recently developed automotive components are getting lighter providing a higher fuel efficiency and performance. Following the current trend, this study proposes a structural optimization method for the lower control arm installed at the front side of a Vehicle. Lightweight design of lower control arm can be achieved through design and material technology. In this research, the shape of lower control arm was determined by applying the optimization technology and aluminum was selected as a steel-substitute material. Strength performance is the most important design requirement in the structural design of a control arm. This study considers the static strength in the optimization process. For the optimum design, the durability analysis is performed to predict its fatigue life. In this study, the kriging interpolation method is adopted to obtain the minimum weight satisfying the strength constraint. Optimum designs are obtained by the in-house program, EXCEL-Kriging. Also, based on the optimum model obtained for the static strength, the optimization of Index of Fatigue Durability is carried out to get th optimum fatigue performance.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.170-176
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• 2016

Purpose: This study aimed to improve the method for determining the position of the center of gravity for agricultural tractors. Methods: The proposed method uses trigonometric functions and coordinate transformation. Data were measured according to the ISO 789-6 test procedures for the center of gravity of agricultural tractors. The height calculated using the proposed method was compared with that determined from an AutoCAD drawing. To find the center of gravity of the tractor, the algorithm for finding the intersection of the two lines was used. Results: The vertical height from the ground to the center of gravity is 682.06 mm. The vertical coordinates obtained from the calculation and the drawing were the same. Conclusions: The developed method uses trigonometric and polar coordinate transformation. The method was compared and verified with the AutoCAD drawing results. The results indicate that users can apply this developed method instead of the plotting method which is an inconvenient and time-consuming. Further, users can program Microsoft Excel to easily determine the vertical coordinate. In addition, researchers will propose this method to the ISO as a standard method for determining the center of gravity in accordance with ISO 789-6.

• 농촌계획
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.47-54
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• 2013

Climate change is the most direct threatening factors in sustaining agricultural productivity. It is necessary to reduce the damages from the natural hazards such as flood, drought, typhoons, and snowstorms caused by climate change. Through the vulnerability assessment to adapt the climate change, it is possible to analyze the priority, feasibility, effect of the reduction policy. For the vulnerability assessment, broad amount of weather data for each meterological station are required. Making the database management system for the meteorologic data could troubleshoot of the difficulties lie in handling and processing the weather data. In this study, we generated the meteorologic data retrieval system (MetSystem) for climate change vulnerability assessment. The user interface of MetSystem was implemented in the web-browser so as to access to a database server at any time and place, and it provides different query executions according to the criteria of meteorologic stations, temporal range, meteorologic items, statistics, and range of values, as well as the function of exporting to Excel format (*.xls). The developed system is expected that it will make it easier to try different analyses of vulnerability to natural hazards by the simple access to meteorologic database and the extensive search functions.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.251-257
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• 2007

디지털 MTF의 정확도를 결정하는 요소로는 정확한 엣지 각도의 결정, 합성 ESF 또는 합성 LSF을 작성을 위한 재 샘플링, 스무징, 커브핏팅 등을 들 수가 있다. 본 실험에서는 Edge를 이용한 MTF커브 핏팅방법을 구현하였고, 슬릿법에 의한 MTF산출결과와 비교하였다. 실험결과 공간주파수 2.0 LP/mm 근방까지의 저주파수영역에서는 엣지법이 높은 수치를 나타내며 2.0 LP/mm 이상의 주파수 영역에서는 MTF값이 역전이 되어 슬릿법이 더욱 높은 값을 나타내었다. 이는 Cunningham의 보고와 완전히 일치한다.