• Journal of Electrical Engineering and information Science
• /
• v.2 no.6
• /
• pp.191-196
• /
• 1997

Fuzzy clustering has been playing an important role in solving many problems. Fuzzy c-Means(FCM) algorithm is most frequently used for fuzzy clustering. But some fixed point of FCM algorithm, know as Tucker's counter example, is not a reasonable solution. Moreover, FCM algorithm is impossible to perform the on-line learning since it is basically a batch learning scheme. This paper presents unsupervised learning networks as an attempt to improve shortcomings of the conventional clustering algorithm. This model integrates optimization function of FCM algorithm into unsupervised learning networks. The learning rule of the proposed scheme is a result of formal derivation based on the gradient descent procedure of a fuzzy objective function. Using the result of formal derivation, two algorithms of fuzzy cluster analysis, the batch learning version and on-line learning version, are devised. They are tested on several data sets and compared with FCM. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithms find out the reasonable solution on Tucker's counter example.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
• /
• 2006.11b
• /
• pp.144-151
• /
• 2006

Sound generated from a moving vehicle often carries information on the condition of vehicle, for example, whether it has faults or not, where the fault exists. The latter is possible especially by MFAH(moving frame acoustic holography) and beamforming method. MFAH is applicable to the sound source of pure tone or narrow band noise. For the beamforming method, we have to know what kind of wave the sound source radiates, for example, plane wave or spherical wave. That is, whether the above methods are applicable depends on the characteristics of sound source. To apply these methods to the fault detection, we have to know the characteristics of wave from faults. In this research, a machine diagnosis technique based on the above holographic approaches is introduced to find the position of faults. The signal due to faults is modeled based on the fact that the faults radiate impulsive noise, and analyzed in time and frequency domain. The way how MFAH and beamforming method can be used is introduced to find the position of source.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.149-154
• /
• 2019

The information matter-element system was built to assess safety of water source. Based on the thought of multiindex fusion, fuzzy matter-element model evaluating water source behavior was constructed by matter-element transform. This model can process comprehensively hydrogeological data, ecological environment, water pollution, surface disturbance, and so on. Water source safety behavior can be described by the qualitative and quantitative manners. According to the development trend of quantitative results, water source safety behavior can be expressed dynamically. As an example, the proposed method was used to assess safety status of 7 water sources in the region. The numerical example shows that the proposed method is feasible and effective, and the evaluation results are reasonable.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.101-115
• /
• 2021

Purpose - The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of packing regulations as a technical standard barrier on export trade. Design/methodology/approach - This study analyzed cases related to packing in major countries such as US, EU and so on. It is also show the example of export volume changed based on PRTS. Findings - First, the role of packaging and the reason why countries issued relevant packaging provisions were introduced. Then, the impacts of PRTS on export trade were expounded. And next, we focused on investigating some PRTS related cases in export trade and gave an example of export volume changed based on PRTS. Finally, we produced implications for business leaders to aware of the importance of PRTS in export. Research implications or Originality - This study provide PRTS information to traders. Trade pratitioners can respond to PRTS related regulations, actively develop PRTS technology, and take relavant to deal with PRTS barriers to eliminate or weaken the adverse effects of PRTS on export trade.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
• /
• 2005.11a
• /
• pp.273-276
• /
• 2005

This paper proposes an OSGi Gateway based framework for ubiquitous computing home networks, presents an example of a service discovery procedure based on this architecture, and identifies some key challenges for the implementation of ubiquitous computing home networks.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2002.10a
• /
• pp.35.5-35
• /
• 2002

$\textbullet$ Introduction $\textbullet$ Preliminaries $\textbullet$ Switching Problem in 3 hybrid System $\textbullet$ Design of a fuzzy-model-based controller $\textbullet$ An example $\textbullet$ Conclusion

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
• /
• v.26 no.5_6
• /
• pp.1133-1138
• /
• 2008

A general method of detecting outliers based on a change of likelihood by using the influence function is suggested. It can be applied to all kinds of distributions that are specified by parameters. For the multivariate normal case, specific computations are made to get the corresponding conditional influence function. A numerical example is provided for illustration.

• Proceedings of the CALSEC Conference
• /
• 2004.02a
• /
• pp.191-196
• /
• 2004

Web Service ·A software application identified by a URI, whose interface and bindings are capable of being defined, described, and discovered as XML artifacts A Web service supports direct interactions with other software agents using XML-based messages exchanges via Internet-based protocols(W3C) ·Utilize the WWW infrastructure ·Example ： http：//etech.kaist.ac.kr：8080/search.html(omitted)

• Journal of the Korea Computer Graphics Society
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.9-17
• /
• 2021

In this paper, we present a simple and fast supervised learning framework based on model predictive control so as to learn motion controllers for a physic-based character to track given example motions. The proposed framework is composed of two components: training data generation and offline learning. Given an example motion, the former component stochastically controls the character motion with an optimal controller while repeatedly updating the controller for tracking the example motion through model predictive control over a time window from the current state of the character to a near future state. The repeated update of the optimal controller and the stochastic control make it possible to effectively explore various states that the character may have while mimicking the example motion and collect useful training data for supervised learning. Once all the training data is generated, the latter component normalizes the data to remove the disparity for magnitude and units inherent in the data and trains an artificial neural network with a simple architecture for a controller. The experimental results for walking and running motions demonstrate how effectively and fast the proposed framework produces physics-based motion controllers.

• Biomedical Science Letters
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.157-165
• /
• 2008

Recently, the number of patients with prostate cancer has been increased gradually by both the change of living environment and the increase of aged population. In this study the serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) level was compared to the Gleason score known as a prognostic factor for the prostate cancer. In the Gleason score 6 and $9{\sim}10$, the average age was 69.68 years old and 69.52 years old, respectively and there was no statistically difference in both of age and Gleason score. the PSA serum consistency appeared <4 ng/mL as example 1, $4{\sim}20ng/mL$ as example 17 and ${\geq}20ng/mL$ as example 4 in the Gleason score 6, and In the Gleason score $9{\sim}10$, it appeared <4 ng/mL as example 1, $4{\sim}20ng/mL$ as example 6 and ${\geq}20ng/mL$ as example 15. PSA serum consistency in the Gleason score $9{\sim}10$ showed higher value than those of Gleason score 6 (P<0.05). Next, expression ratios of bcl-2, Ki-67 and p53 were examined in the Gleason score 6 and $9{\sim}10$. the p53 expression ratio, a tumor suppression gene, appeared the significance statistically by the classification of the Gleason score as example 7 (28%) in the Gleason score 6 and as example 16 (64%) in the Gleason score $9{\sim}10$ (P<0.05). but not different in the expression ratios of the Ki-67 and bcl-2. The expression ratio of p53 by the expression ratio of bcl-2 and the expression ratio of Ki-67 by the expression ratio of p53 had a positive relationship in all of the Gleason score 6 and the Gleason score $9{\sim}10$ (P<0.05). However, the expression ratio of Ki-67 by the expression ratio of bcl-2 did not show any significance in the Gleason score $9{\sim}10$ (P<0.05). Therefore, the results suggested that p53 expression could be used as an independent prognostic factor.