• The Journal of Korea Robotics Society
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.81-90
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• 2008

While increasing demand of the service for the disabled and the elderly people, assistive technologies have been developed rapidly. The natural signal of human such as voice or gesture has been applied to the system for assisting the disabled and the elderly people. As an example of such kind of human robot interface, the Soft Remote Control System has been developed by HWRS-ERC in $KAIST^[1]$. This system is a vision-based hand gesture recognition system for controlling home appliances such as television, lamp and curtain. One of the most important technologies of the system is the hand gesture recognition algorithm. The frequently occurred problems which lower the recognition rate of hand gesture are inter-person variation and intra-person variation. Intra-person variation can be handled by inducing fuzzy concept. In this paper, we propose multivariate fuzzy decision tree(MFDT) learning and classification algorithm for hand motion recognition. To recognize hand gesture of a new user, the most proper recognition model among several well trained models is selected using model selection algorithm and incrementally adapted to the user's hand gesture. For the general performance of MFDT as a classifier, we show classification rate using the benchmark data of the UCI repository. For the performance of hand gesture recognition, we tested using hand gesture data which is collected from 10 people for 15 days. The experimental results show that the classification and user adaptation performance of proposed algorithm is better than general fuzzy decision tree.

• Archives of design research
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.49-58
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• 2001

The communication designer in the multimedia age should have a consideration that the sound also can be an important expression element to transmit ones thought as well as the visual sense like color, shape and motion. As you already know, someones thought can be better understood when transmitted to others using the visual and auditory senses together than using the visual or auditory sense alone. The meeting of sight and hearing bases on the synesthesia. For example, low sound reminds a person of dark color and high sound usually reminds light color. And a percussion instrument reminds a person a circle and melody reminds a line. The visual and auditory senses In communication of the multimedia age should act as an independent expression element gotten out of the synchronizing that just serves simple sight and related sound at the same time. Interaction between sight and hearing arose a different emotion that cannot be happened just by one element alone. So, the programs of communication design education in this multimedia age should fulfill the requirement that it can develop ones expression ability through the understanding of interaction between sight and hearing. In this study, we suggest the education programs Classified into following categories; audio visual Gestaltung, audio visual moving graphics, audio visual design.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 1998.06b
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• pp.92-97
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• 1998

For the efficient searching and browsing of digital video, it is essential to extract the internal structure of the video contents. As an example, a news video consists of several sections such as politics, economics, sports and others, and also each section consists of individual topics. With this information in hand, users can ore easily access the required video frames. This paper addresses the problem of automatic shot boundary detection and selection of representative frames (R-frames), which are the essential step in recognizing the internal structure of video contents. In the shot boundary detection, a new algorithm that have dual detectors which are designed specifically for the abrupt boundaries (cuts) and gradually changing bounaries respectively is proposed. Compared to the existing 미algorithms that mostly have tried to detect both types by a single mechanism, the proposed algorithm is proved to be more robust and accurate. Also in the problem of R-frame selection, simple mechanical approaches such as selecting one frame every other second have been adopted. However this approach often selects too many R-frames in static short, while drops important frames in dynamic shots. To improve the selection mechanism, a new R-frame selection algorithm that uses motion information extracted from pixel difference is proposed.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.715-728
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• 2012

This paper deals with determining the fundamental frequency of tall buildings that consist of framed tube, shear core, belt truss and outrigger systems in which the framed tube and shear core vary in size along the height of the structure. The effect of belt truss and outrigger system is modeled as a concentrated rotational linear spring at the belt truss and outrigger system location. Many cantilevered tall structures can be treated as cantilevered beams with variable cross-section in free vibration analysis. In this paper, the continuous approach, in which a tall building is replaced by an idealized cantilever continuum representing the structural characteristics, is employed and by using energy method and Hamilton's variational principle, the governing equation for free vibration of tall building with variable distributed mass and stiffness is obtained. The general solution of governing equation is obtained by making appropriate selection for mass and stiffness distribution functions. By applying the separation of variables method for time and space, the governing partial differential equation of motion is reduced to an ordinary differential equation with variable coefficients with the assumption that the transverse displacement is harmonic. A power-series solution representing the mode shape function of tall building is used. Applying boundary conditions yields the boundary value problem; the frequency equation is established and solved through a numerical process to determine the natural frequencies. Computer program has been developed in Matlab (R2009b, Version 7.9.0.529, Mathworks Inc., California, USA). A numerical example has been solved to demonstrate the reliability of this method. The results of the proposed mathematical model give a good understanding of the structure's dynamic characteristics; it is easy to use, yet reasonably accurate and suitable for quick evaluations during the preliminary design stages.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.231-244
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• 2000

This paper presents a dynamic analysis technique for a 2-D soil-structure interaction problem in the frequency domain, which can directly be applied as an analysis tool for seismic response analyses of underground structures, tunnels, embankments, and so on. In this method, the structure and near-field soil is modeled by the standard finite elements, while the unbounded far-field soil is represented using the dynamic infinite elements in the frequency domain. The earthquake-input motion is regarded as traveling P and SV waves which are incident vertically from the far-field of underlying half-space to the near-field of layered medium. The equivalent earthquake forces are then calculated utilizing so-called fixed-exterior-boundary-method and the free-field responses including displacements and tractions. For the verification of the present study, seismic response analyses are carried out for a multi-layered half-space free-field soil medium and a cylindrical cavity embedded in a homogeneous half-space. Comparisons of the present results with solutions by other approaches indicate that the proposed methodology gives accurate estimates. Finally, an application example of seismic response analysis for a subway station is presented, which demonstrates the applicability of the present study.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.157-165
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• 2011

Base isolation system is widely used for reduction of dynamic responses of structures subjected to seismic load. Recently, research on a smart base isolation system that can effectively reduce dynamic responses of the isolated structure without accompanying increases in base drifts has been actively conducted. In this study, a smart base isolation system was applied to an arch structure subjected to seismic excitation and its control performance for reduction of seismic responses was evaluated. In order to make a smart base isolation system, 4kN MR dampers and low damping elastomeric bearings were used. Seismic response control performance of the proposed smart base isolation system was compared to that of the optimally designed lead-rubber bearing(LRB) isolation system. To this end, an artificial ground motion developed based on KBC2009 design response spectrum was used as a seismic excitation. Fuzzy control algorithm was used to control MR damper in the smart base isolation system and multi-objective genetic algorithm was employed to optimize the fuzzy controller. Based on numerical simulation results, it has been shown that the smart base isolation system can drastically reduce base drifts and seismic responses of the example arch structure in comparison with LRB isolation system.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.132-140
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• 1993

The design of LNG ship needs very high level structural design/analysis technology compared with conventional ship types because it requires perfect security against the extremly dangerous and cryogenic cargo. Hence, present paper describes the general procedure of the structural safety assessment for independent tank type LNG ship, which contains following items. 1) Long term prediction of the wave induced stresses including ship motion analysis, structural analysis of hull and tank and stochastic analysis process of ocean waves. 2) Fatigue strength analysis of a tank structure based on the S-N approach. 3) Structural safety assessment against the fatigue crack propagation based on the LBF(Leak Before Failure) concept. The first report focuced on the item (1) (2) and example calculation was performed on a prototype LNG ship. The remained part will be covered by the second report.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.1-17
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• 2001

Background and Objetive : Lack of uniformity in reporting facial nerve recovery in patients with facial nerve paralysis has been a major disadvantage in comparing treatment modalities. The objective evaluation of facial nerve function is a complex procedure. The House and Brackmann grading system, the Yanagihara grading system has been recommend as a universal standard for assessing the degree of facial nerve palsy. However, clinical studies for treatment of facial palsy have rarely used this universal standard in oriental medicine. That is the reason for analysing this facial nerve grading system. Material and Method : We choose 10 scales reported from 1955 till 1995. These facial nerve grading systems may be classified as Gross system, Regional system and Specific system. Result and Conculsion : The scales of Botmann and Jonkees, May, Peitersen, and House and Brackmann are the gross facial nerve grading systems with which we grossly assess the facial motor dysfunction and the secondary defect. Among these scales, H-B scale is the most widespred The scales of Yanagihara(若杉文吉), Smith, Adour and Swanson, Jassen, FEMA are the regional facial nerve grading system in which we weight, or unweight the facial motor dysfunction and the secondary defect. For example, the scales of Yanagihara(若杉文吉) and Smith are the unweighted regional scale, the scale of Adour and Swanson, Jassen, FEMA are the weighted regional grading system. The scale of Stennert is the Specific facial nerve grading system in which we respectively assess the grade of facial dysfunction at rest, in motion and the secondary defect. For the objective evaluation of the oriental medicine treatment for facial palsy, we must use the universal standard scale, i.e. the H-B scale, the Yanagihara scale.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.255-261
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• 2014

Advances of digital device technology such as digital cameras, smart phones and tablets, provide convenience way for people to take pictures during his/her life. Photo data is being spread rapidly throughout the social network, causing the excessive amount of data available on the internet. Photo retrieval is categorized into three types, which are: keyword-based search, example-based search, visualize query-based search. The commonly used multimedia search methods which are implemented on Smart TV are adapting the previous methods that were optimized for PC environment. That causes some features of the method becoming irrelevant to be implemented on Smart TV. This paper proposes a novel Visual Query-based Photo Retrieval Method in Smart TV Environment using a motion sensing input device known as Kinect Sensor. We detected hand gestures using kinect sensor and used the information to mimic the control function of a mouse. The average precision and recall of the proposed system are 81% and 80%, respectively, with threshold value was set to 0.7.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.43-52
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• 2004

This paper describes a method of evaluating seismic system performance of highway transportation network in California. The basic element that plays a crucial role in this study is the fragility information of highway bridges in Caltrans' (California Department of Transportation) freeway network. The bridge fragility information is expressed as a function of the ground motion intensity, such as peak ground acceleration (PGA) or peak ground velocity (PGV). Network damage was evaluated under the 1994 Northridge earthquake and scenario earthquakes. A probabilistic model was developed to determine the effect of repair of bridge damage on the improvement of the network performance as days passed after the event. As an example, the system performance degradation measured in terms of an index, “Drivers Delay”, is calculated for the Los Angeles area transportation system, and losses due to Drivers Delay with and without retrofit were estimated.