• 무역상무연구
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• 제38권
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• pp.97-121
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• 2008

The updated International Standard Banking Practice(ISBP), International Chamber of Commerce Publication No. 681, was published to bring its contents in line with UCP 600. The ISBP 681 has dealt with 185 paragraphs from paragraphs 200 of ISBP 645 that are commonly arising in the credit transactions and also explains in detail some of the articles of UCP 600 with the proper interpretation. The updated version ISBP 681 involved aligning it with UCP 600, making certain technical adjustments in expression of words such as "in conflict" instead of "inconsistent", etc. Also descriptions of goods in commercial invoice to be altered the words into "services or performance" in addition to "goods". Despite the updated ISBP 681, there remains a question. Where the words "from" or "after" are used in regard to something other than a period of shipment or the maturity date of drafts, there is no guidance from the UCP as to its meaning. The party concerned in credit transactions is also required to have a full understanding of the paragraphs of ISBP 681 and the articles of UCP 600 in order to acquire the documents preparation and examination facilitating the parties to minimize discrepancies.

• 한국조명전기설비학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국조명전기설비학회 2007년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.53-57
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• 2007

철도는 다른 수송수단에 비하여 많은 인원과 물류를 안전, 신속, 정확하게 운송 할 수 있는 기간산업으로, 매우 중요한 시설이다. 현재 철도시설을 담당하는 전문 인력의 수가 부족하여 철도신호기술사 확보가 시급히 요구되고 있다. 이에 철도신호기술사고시를 준비하는 사람은 많은 반면, 접근방법을 몰라 어려움을 느끼고 있다. 본 논문은 지난 15년간 기 출제된 시험문제와 최근 5년간의 문제에 대한 출제경향 및 철도관련 교육기관의 교과목을 조사, 분석하였다. 분석결과를 토대로 철도신호기술사고시를 준비하는 수험생으로 하여금 쉽게 자격취득 과정에 접근할 수 있는 방안을 제시하였으며, 또한 철도관련 교육기관의 교과목 중, 철도신호기술사 자격취득을 위한 필수교과목을 선별 제시하였다.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.101-115
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• 2017

This study classified social stratum variables of adults in their 20s to 50s by subjective and objective measurements and classified leisure activities into groups to examine the conspicuous consumption of leisure apparel. A total of 365 adults in their 20s to 50s living in Daegu and the Kyungbuk area were selected considering their jobs and residences. SPSS PC+ 20.0 was used to analyze the data with frequency analysis, factor analysis, reliability examination, cluster analysis, ANOVA, Duncan-test, Scheffe-test, and ${\chi}^2-test$. The results of this study are shown as follows. First, 'Jogging/Walking' was found to be the most favorable activity in the examination of leisure sports activities among the participants and showed a difference in gender. Second, leisure activities were pastime-culture activity, sports activities, static activity, volunteering, and relaxing, and these activities were grouped into non-participant, active and passive leisure activities. Conspicuous consumption of leisure apparel was classified into personality oriented, luxury goods-oriented, and other people-oriented. Third, there was a significant difference in the sub-factors of the conspicuous consumption of leisure apparel (personality oriented, luxury goods-oriented, other people-oriented) according to the sub-factors of subjective stratum(economic power, social position, level of consumption, cultural level and overall stratum consciousness). Fourth, there was significance in the objective social stratum variable by the types of leisure activities. Significant differences were found in personality orientation, luxury goods-oriented, and other people-oriented in conspicuous consumption of leisure apparel by the types of leisure activities. Finally, there were significant differences in economic power, level of consumption, cultural level of subjective social stratum by gender, sports activities and volunteering in leisure activities, as well as other people-oriented conspicuous consumption of leisure apparel. This study also found significant differences in economic power, level of consumption and cultural level of social stratum by age, as well as other people-oriented conspicuous consumption of leisure apparel.

• 한국디지털정책학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국디지털정책학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.69-78
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• 2007

Since 2005, Asan city government have executed the "Budgeting & Planning Examination Program". A construction contract more than two hundred thousand dollars, service contract more than fifty thousand dollars and purchasing goods contract more than five thousand dollars must be examined about their propriety by office of audit. Asan city government have saved its budget about fifteen million and five hundred twenty thousand dollars for the institution. Moreover, Asan citizens' trust and social capital about their local government have been increased through it Asan city government will reinforce a speed and effectiveness of it.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.20-37
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• 2019

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to analyze the trade structure and competitiveness of China's information technology (IT) industry in comparison to that of Korea and the United States, particularly in terms of quality. Design/methodology/approach - Indices such as trade specialization index (TSI), Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), and Market Comparative Advantage (MCA) are used. Further, an Intra-industry Trade (IIT) index is used to analyze qualitative changes in horizontal intra-industry trade and intra-industry trade of high- and low-quality goods. Findings - China's IT industry has a comparative competitive advantage over that of Korea and the United States, and mainly exports goods of inferior quality and imports goods of superior quality. Further, China's horizontal intra-industry trade has been decreasing, while its vertical intra-industry trade has been increasing and vertical trade of inferior quality goods outweighs that of superior quality goods. This shows that China is rapidly catching up with Korea and the United States, even though its qualitative competitiveness has not significantly improved. Research limitations/implication - This study has academic and political implications, as it analyzes changes in China's IT trade competitiveness. However, it is somewhat limited as factors determining qualitative aspects has not been considered. Originality/value - Most studies aggregate analyses of export competitiveness using methodologies such as TSI, RCA, and market share. However, the focus of these methods is price competitiveness. Hence, an examination of the objective and qualitative trade competitiveness of China's IT industry is necessary. this study the trade structure and quantitative competitiveness of the industry by analyzing intra-industry trade focusing on the quality of competitiveness. Therefore, the changes in China's IT industry in the USA and Korea and in foreign trade competitiveness and quality competitiveness are clarified. The results show that the academic and policy implications of these changes in the IT industry will be a useful resource. This is the first study in Korea to attempt such an analysis. This is the first study in Korea to attempt such an analysis.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.24-34
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• 2023

본 연구는 생산 가능인구의 세대별 스포츠 용품 온라인 소비성향을 탐색하고, 스포츠 4.0 시장의 온라인 소비자를 세분화하여 미래의 소비 시장을 예측하기 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 했다. 따라서 생산 가능인구의 세대별 집단(Y세대 이상, Z세대) 중 스포츠 용품을 소비한 경험자를 대상으로 본 조사를 실시했으며, 총 478명의 자료를 최종 분석에 적용했다. 자료처리는 SPSS statistics(ver. 21.0)으로 빈도분석, 탐색적 요인분석, 재검사 신뢰도의 상관관계 분석, 신뢰도 분석, 의사결정 나무 분석을 실시했다. 생산 가능인구의 세대별에 따른 스포츠 용품 온라인 소비성향 탐색결과, 여유, 즐거움, 자아 상징, 가격 요인이 높을 경우와 자아 상징, 기능, 환경 친화 요인이 낮을 경우 Z세대 집단으로 분류될 확률이 크게 나타났으며, 여유 요인이 낮고, 자아 상징 요인이 높을 경우와 즐거운 요인이 낮고, 연대적 소비 요인이 높을 경우 Y세대 이상 집단으로 분류될 확률이 크게 나타났다. 또한 이와 같은 모형의 분류 정확도는 69.7%로 나타났다.

• 복식
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• 제58권5호
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• pp.198-210
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to establish the conservation methods of embroidered textiles and textile works. The conservation of remained textiles is consisting of examination, cleaning, support and consolidation, restoration, and storage and display process. It aims to prevent the damage on textile remains for long time display and storage and to prolong their aesthetics and functionality. The embroidered textiles and textiles works, which are remained by handed down or excavated or included in the Buddhist are embossed with colorful threads on the fabrics: the stitches include embroideries on clothing, bed clothes, wrapping clothes, utensil pouches, panels and Buddhist goods; textile works include hats, ornaments, shoes, attachments of clothes etc. These are composed of mainly fabrics, precious metals, leathers and precious stones, etc., and are fabricated by several techniques such as braiding, twining, sewing as well as weaving. Metal threads were also used to add a decorative effect on these goods. In order to conserve and preserve the remained goods, a special care must be taken on the metal threads, which are the most fragile material among the constituents. Hence, characteristics of metal threads and its cleaning methods, general conservation techniques of a rank badge, which is brocaded and partly attached to Cheogori and Samo(men's hat) from the excavated old tombs are introduced here.

• 무역학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.83-100
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• 2020

This study aimed to provide the most accurate analysis possible regarding the buyer's duty to examine goods and give notice, or the like, of non-conformity to the seller under Belgian law in comparison with the CISG and CESL. Even though Belgium is the capital of the Europe Union, most of its laws remain untranslated in English. Therefore, this study may offer key insights into the specificities of Belgian law, which while being derived from the French Napoleon Code has its own practices coded into its Case Law. It also makes a comparison with the new CESL and CISG in order to evaluate their respective influence on national law and other infructuous attempts to harmonize Belgian law for the internal European market. Evaluating the differences of each system in the spirit of comparative law may be a good basis for the development of laws in each jurisdiction.

• 한국주거학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국주거학회 2003년도 정기총회 및 추계학술대회
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• pp.277-282
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to investigate the architectural visual identity, and scheme of conceptional extent of architectural visual identity through literature research and sample analysis by design factors for apartment design. Korea National Housing Corporation's Mapo apartment put first caterer which is continued about 30 years to solve shortage of houses by beginning and the impact of IMF and the price decontrol on second half in the 1990s have changed the housing status to commercial goods. Construction companies have introduced brand concept to satisfy consumer's appetite in production of house goods including apartment under market situation. Importance of visual identity in apartment design occupies has risen in heftily. However most companies are in condition of stay on two-dimensional application that uses symbol, logotype, and character assistance. Several high position construction companies are trying architectural visual identity, but those are applied in partial element and those are not going forward to systematic classification and synthetic visual identity plan within peculiarity of apartment complex. This study is to grasp plan and design tendency to acquire identity of design element of construction field and goods through design examination. In conclusion visual identity in apartment design is architectural visual identity on all of 2 dimensions and 3 dimension for application. Architectural visual identity is a language of form that prescribe identity about external appearance in combination with brand image.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.219-243
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• 2005

The Purpose of this Article is to analyze the examination criteria on the compliance of multimodal transport document in the ISBP. When the goods are taken in charge by the multimodal transport operator, he shall issue a multimodal transport document which, at the option of the consignor, shall be in either negotiable or non-negotiable form. The multimodal transport document shall be signed by the multimodal transport operator or by a person having authority from him. When the multimodal transport document is presented by the beneficiary to the bank in the letter of credit operations, the bank should examinate the bill of exchange and/or shipping documents, including multimodal transport document. There are two rules in connection with examination of the documents in the letter of credit operations. One is the "Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits(UCP 500)" approved by the Banking Commission in March 10, 1993, the other is the "International Standard Banking Practice for the Examination of Documents under Documentary Letters of Credits(ISBP)" approved by the ICC Banking Commission in October 2002. Therefore, this Article has studied the multimodal transport document presented under documentary credits on the basis of the UCP 500 and the ISBP it reflects.