• The Journal of Korea Assosiation for Disability and Oral Health
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.85-90
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• 2013

The aim of this research is to compare the attitude toward the special needs of dental staffs between the special dental clinic (SDC) and the general dental clinic (GDC). Surveys were done on 21 dental staffs (7 dentists and 14 dental hygienists) of SDC and 47 dental staffs (10 dentists and 37 dental hygienists) of GDC. Attitudes were rated on a questionnaire with the five-point Likert scale. Mann-Whitney test was utilized for statistical analysis. In SDC, more female dentists and dental staffs who have relatives with disability were working. Dental staffs of SDC showed that the more experience they had, the more positive attitudes toward the communication with the patients with special needs (p<0.05). Dental staffs of SDC represented more active attitudes toward the oral health promotion, treatment, research and volunteering (p<0.05). In conclusion, dental staffs who have personal motivation were working in SDC and the experience of dental treatment to the patients with special needs influenced the dental staffs' attitudes toward them. In future, a research about the attitude toward the disabled with more exact scale should be followed.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.146-149
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• 2016

Heterotopic bone formation in the gastrointestinal tract is a rare phenomenon. Most reported cases were associated with benign and malignant neoplasms, except for a case in which heterotopic bone formation was found in a patient with Barrett's esophagus. The exact pathogenesis of the disease has not yet been established. However, most heterotopic bones found in the gastrointestinal tract were associated with mucinproducing tumors of the appendix, colon, and rectum. Inflammation may also play a role in osseous metaplasia in a case with bone formation at the base of an ulcer in Barrett's esophagus. Here, we report on a patient with heterotopic bone formation in normal gastric cardiac mucosa. A 50-year-old female visited our hospital for a routine health examination. She had no gastrointestinal symptoms, and her physical examination, blood test, X-ray, urine, and stool examination results were normal. A 0.3 cm sized polypoid lesion located just below the squamocolumnar junction was observed on upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. A piece of biopsy was taken. Histologically, a lamella bone trabecula and chronic inflammatory cells were observed in the gastric cardiac mucosa. The follow-up endoscopy performed one month later showed no residual lesion.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.30-37
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• 2020

Purpose: Preterm infants are at high risk for adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been proposed as a means of predicting neurodevelopmental outcomes in this population. It is controversial whether diffuse excessive high signal intensity (DEHSI) represents damage to the white matter or delayed myelination in preterm infants. This study investigated MRI findings for predicting the severity of neurodevelopmental outcomes and assessing whether preterm infants with DEHSI near term-equivalent age have abnormal neurodevelopmental outcomes. Materials and Methods: Preterm infants (n = 64, gestational age at birth < 35 weeks) undergoing brain MRI near term-equivalent age and subsequent neurodevelopmental outcomes were evaluated between 18 and 24 months of age. The associations of MRI findings and the risk of severe cognitive delay, severe psychomotor delay, cerebral palsy (CP), and neurosensory impairment were analyzed. The associations of DEHSI with risks of severe cognitive delay, severe psychomotor delay, CP, and neurosensory impairment (hearing or visual impairment) were analyzed. Outcome data were evaluated by logistic regression and the Fisher's exact test. Results: There were significant associations between abnormal white matter findings and delayed mental development, delayed psychomotor development, neurosensory impairment, and presence of CP. The presence of DEHSI was not correlated with delayed neurodevelopmental outcomes or presence of CP. In multivariate logistic regression analyses, cystic encephalomalacia, punctate lesion, loss of white matter volume and ventricular dilation were significantly associated with CP. Conclusion: Abnormal MRI findings near term-equivalent age in preterm infants predict adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. No significant association between DEHSI and adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes was demonstrated.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.293-296
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• 2001

The dynamic softening mechanisms of AISI 316, AISI 304 and AISI 430 stainless steels were studied with torsion test in the temperature range of $900 - 1200^{\circ}C$ and the strain rate range of $5.0x10^{-2}-5.0x10^0/sec$. The austenitic stainless steels, such as AISI 316 and AISI 304 were softened by dynamic recrystallization (DRX) during hot deformation. Also, the evolutions of flow stress and microstructure of AISI 430 ferritic stainless steel show the characteristics of continuous dynamic recrystallization (CDRX). To establish the quantitative equations for DRX of AISI 316 stainless steel, the evolution of flow stress curve with strain was analyzed. The critical strain (${\varepsilon}_c$) and strain for maximum softening rate (${\varepsilon}^{*}$) could be confirmed by the analysis of work hardening rate ($d{\sigma}/d{\varepsilon}={\theta}$). The volume fraction of dynamic recrystallization ($X_{DRX}$) as a function of processing variables, such as strain rate ( $\varepsilon$ ), temperature (T), and strain ( $\varepsilon$ ) were established using the ${\epsilon}_c$ and ${\varepsilon}^{*}$. For the exact prediction the ${\varepsilon}_c,\;{\varepsilon}^{*}$ and Avrami' exponent (m') were quantitatively expressed by dimensionless parameter, Z/A, respectively. It was found that the calculated results were agreed with the experimental data for the steels at my deformation conditions. Also, we can reasonably conclude that the DRX, CDRX and grain refinement of stainless steels can be achieved by large strain deformation at high Z parameter condition.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.3-44
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• 1999

This paper discusses the lateral behavior of single and group piles in homogeneous and non-homogeneous(two layered) soil. In the single pile, the model tests were conducted to investigate the effects on ratio of lower layer height to embedded pile length, ratio of soil modules of upper layer to lower layer, boundary rendition of pile head and tip, embedded pile length, pile construction condition, ground condition with saturate and moisture state in Nak-Dong river sand. Also, in the group pile, the model tests were to investigate the effects on spacing-to-diameter ratio of pile, pile array, ratio of pile spacing, boundary condition of pile head and tip, eccentric load and ground condition. The maximum bending moment and deflection induced in active piles were found to be highly dependent on the relative density, pile construction condition, boundary condition of pile head and tip. Based on the results obtained, it was found that the decrease of lateral bearing capacity in saturated sand was in the range of 31% - 53% as compared with the case of dry sand. Also, in the group pile, a spacing-to-diameter of 6.0 seems to be large enough to eliminate the group effect for the case of relative density of 61.8%, and 32.8%, and then each pile in such a case behaves essentially the same as a single pile. In this study, the program is developed by using the modified Chang method which used p - y method and the exact solution of governing equation of pile and it can be used to calculate the deflection, bending moment and soil reaction with FDM in non-homogeneous soil. In comparing the modified Chang method with field test results, the predict results shows better agreement with measured results in field tests.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.29-36
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• 2015

Exact comparisons of the thermal conductivities of the base fluid and a nanofluid are very important in the early stages of nanofluid development. A simple procedure of measuring the thermal conductivity of the two fluids by the transient hot wire method and numerically dividing these values is used for this purpose. However, because the experiments are not performed simultaneously and the physical properties of the measurement system are sometimes not properly known, large errors are incurred during the evaluation process. This article proposes a new apparatus for thermal conductivity comparison where the working principle is mainly based on relative measurement rather than absolute measurement. The measuring circuit and data processing steps are explained in detail; a validation test was performed using the well-known glycerine and engine oil.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.36 no.10
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• pp.989-999
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• 2012

An ejector is a fluid transportation device that operates based on the principle that a high-pressure fluid is spouted through a driving pipe and the pressure of a low-pressure fluid is increased through exchange of momentum with a low-pressure gas. Steam-steam ejectors have been widely used for suction, mixture, and dehydration. They can be easily used in places where fluid moves and expenses are reasonable. In addition, such ejectors are a semi-permanent fluid device that requires little maintenance. In this study, we present an optimized design by analyzing what cannot be obtained through experiments in order to improve the device performance, analyze general contents of a flow by acquiring exact test data on specific and interpretative areas using more advanced experimental techniques, and identify the flow characteristics of a branch pipe by examining the validity of experiments using computer hydrodynamics simulations.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1999

Purpose : There has been considerable controversy as to the method of the treatment of acute acromioclavicular joint dislocation classified to type III injury. The purpose of this study is to compare the conservative and operative treatment of the type III acute acromioclavicular joint dislocation in terms of clinical and radiological results. Materials and Methods: We treated 31 cases of acute, type III acromioclavicular joint dislocation, 17 cases were treated by operative methods and 14 patients by conservative treatment, and 1 year minimum follow-up was done from January 1990 to January 1996. We used UCLA Shoulder Rating Scale for clinical results. And for the radiological results coracoclaviclar distance were measured. We used Fisher's exact test for statistical analysis of results between the two treatment methods. Results: Fifteen(88.2%) of seventeen patients in operative treatment and eleven(78.6%) of fourteen patients in nonoperative treatment were rated excellent or good on the UCLA rating scale. In radiographic evaluation, the average coracoclavicular distances of preoperative state, immediate postoperation(or postreduction) and last follow-up were as follows. In operative cases, it was 1.75±0.21mm, 1.14±0.24mm and 1.33± 0.22mm respectively. In nonoperative cases, it was 1.65±0.14mm, 1.26±0.26mm, and 1.42±0.27mm respectively. Conclusion : This study demonstrated that there was no significant difference in clinical and radiological results between the operative and nonoperative treatment groups. So, nonoperative treatment is recommended for acute type III acromioclavicular dislocation as general rule.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.594-603
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• 2009

Objectives : ICH breaks down blood vessels within the brain parenchyma, which finally leads to neuronal loss, drugs to treat ICH have not yet been established. In this experiment, we measured the effect of Woowhangchongshim-won (WWCSW) on intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in rat using microarray technology. Methods : We measured the effect of WWCSW on ICH in rat using microarray technology. ICH was induced by injection of collagenase type IV, and total RNA was isolated. Image files of microarray were measured using a ScanArray scanner, and the criteria of the threshold for up- and down-regulation was 2 fold. Hierarchical clustering was implemented using CLUSTER and TREEVIEW program, and for Ontology analysis. GOSTAT program was applied in which p-value was calculated by Chi square or Fisher's exact test based on the total array element. Results : WWCSW-treatment restored the gene expression altered by ICH-induction in brain to the levels of 76.0% and 70.1% for up- and down-regulated genes, respectively. Conclusion : Co-regulated genes by ICH model of rat could be used as molecular targets for therapeutic effects of drug including WWCSW. That is, the presence of co-regulated genes may represent the importance of these genes in ICH in the brain and the change of expression level of these co-regulated genes would also indicate the functional change of brain tissue.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.53-59
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• 2020

Dietary habits are known to be closely related not only to chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes, but also to self-rated health (SRH). Consequently, there is a highly important lifestyle component in maintaining a healthy life. The aim of the present study was to determine the correlation between diverse dietary habits based on the Sasang constitutions (SC) and SRH. The data were collected from 2,984 participants who met the constitution pharmacology criteria and whose SC were clinically confirmed by SC professionals. Dietary habits were observed by assessing the regularity of diet, meal volume, and meal speed; single-answer questions were used for SRH. Fisher's exact/chi-square test and logistic regression were used to analyze the correlation between dietary habits depending on constitutional type and SRH. In association with constitutional SRH, the Taeum type is related to the amount of meal, the Soeum and Soyang types are related to the regularity of meal and meal volume. In the Taeum type, there was a significantly higher risk of lower SRH when meal volumes were irregular less than previous amounts. Irregular diet, as well as increased or decreased meal volume, negatively correlated with SRH in the Soeum type; in the Soyang type, irregular diet and decreased or irregular meal volume negatively affected SRH. This showed the presence of the different effects of dietary habits on health depending on constitution and also confirmed the association of the regularity of diet and meal volume based on constitution and the frequency of bad dietary habits with SRH. We suggest that personalized healthcare with adequate dietary improvement considering constitution is needed for health management or improvement.