• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.410-417
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• 2012

Currently domestic thermal and nuclear power plants are comprised of many type's condenser and steam generator tubes to produce the electricity of good quality. There are some methods to inspect these tubes in the event that several defects were discovered in these facilities. Among many non-destructive methods, we used guided wave to inspect the soundness of tubes, because this method is very fast to detect the defect and very simple to install the equipment and also, can inspect up to the long range at a fixed point. Also, this method has a drawback that does not detect a very small size defect. So, we made an effort to overcome this drawback through the experimentation and signal analysis according to the size and shape of the defect through the manufacture of various artificial cracks capable to generate within the small size tube in the study and we anticipate that these detect limits can be overcome along with the development of the signal processing and manufacturing technology of the sensor for the inspection.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.14
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• pp.311-336
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• 2007

This study examines the concepts of counter-act against the Bio-terrorism and the reaction system in advanced countries, thereby to find out reaction system necessary to Korea. Acts on anti-Bio-terrorism is divided to detection stage, protection stage, diagnosis stage and detoxication and neutralization stage according to flow of event occurrence. As for detection stage, Korea is developing it as contact type, while advanced countries are under development of the devices that may detect the terrorism from the remote distance. It is necessary for Korea to develop the remote-distant detection system as well as the contact type of device that may promptly operate. Among the protection gears, the quality of Korea's gas mask is recognized worldwide, but that of other outfits should be improved by applying the state-of-art science technology. The diagnosis device also should be developed to the extent that the dispatched initial action team may make immediate decisions necessary in the field. As the current trends for detoxication materials worldwide require the improvement to new materials harmless to human body and equipment, Korea is also required to acquire those materials. The technology for neutralization means the development of vaccine and antibiotics and it requires the development made by shared efforts worldwide. For this purpose, it is necessary to further develop Korea's medical technology. In addition, the further efforts are required in terms of reaction manual, training model, public communication efforts and preparation for trauma syndrome.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.18
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• pp.27-62
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• 2002

The international sale contract is the central contracts in export-import transactions. A good sale contract or set of general conditions of sale will cover all the principal elements of the transaction, so that uncertainties are avoided. The parties' respective duties as concern the payment mechanism, transport contract and insurance responsibilities, inter alia, will all be clearly detailed in the contract. The following key clauses should be included in international contracts of sale and general conditions of sale: ${\bullet}$ preamble ${\bullet}$ identification of parties ${\bullet}$ description of goods ${\bullet}$ price and payment conditions ${\bullet}$ delivery periods and conditions ${\bullet}$ inspection of the goods - obligations and limitations ${\bullet}$ quantity or quality variations in the products delivered ${\bullet}$ reservation of title and passing of property rights ${\bullet}$ transfer of risk - how accomplished ${\bullet}$ seller's warranties and buyer's complaints ${\bullet}$ assignment of rights ${\bullet}$ force majeure clause and hardship clause ${\bullet}$ requirement that amendments and modifications be in writing ${\bullet}$ choice of law ${\bullet}$ choice of dispute resolution mechanism Under most systems of law, a party can be excused from a failure to perform a contract obligation which is caused by the intervention of a totally unforeseeable event, such as the outbreak of war, or an act of God such as an earthquake or hurricane. Under the American commercial code (UCC) the standard for this relief is one of commercial impracticability. In contrast, many civil law jurisdictions apply the term force majeure to this problem. Under CISG, the standard is based on the concept of impediments to performance. Because of the differences between these standards, parties might be well advised to draft their own force majeure, hardship, or excusable delays clause. The ICC publication, "Force Majeure and Hardship" provides a sample force majeure clause which can be incorporated by reference, as well as a hardship clause which must be expressly integrated in the contract. In addition, the ICC Model provides a similar, somewhat more concise formulation of a force majeure clause. When the seller wishes to devise his own excusable delays clause, he will seek to anticipate in its provision such potential difficulties as those related to obtaining government authorisations, changes in customs duties or regulations, drastic fluctuations in labour, materials, energy, or transportation prices, etc.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.407-419
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• 2015

The unit load of paddy field was estimated by several methods and compared in this study. Four year field study was conducted at the paddy fields located in Yeongsan river and Sumjin river basins. The unit load was estimated by four methods; (1) averaging field monitored load; (2) NIER (National Institute of Environmental Research) method which use EMC(Event Mean Concentration) and runoff ratio of rainfall groups with rainfall weighting factors; (3)method using EMC determined by best fit probability distribution; (4)method using arithmetic mean EMC and runoff ratio. The result of this study showed that the unit loads of water quality constituents by field monitoring was similar to those of NIER method whereas those by probability distribution(log-normal, gamma) method were less than unit loads of NIER method. The unit loads by arithmetic mean EMC and runoff ratio were larger than those by NIER method. The unit load by NIER method showed higher BOD, COD, SS, lesser T-N, and similar T-P values when compared to unit loads determined by MOE in 1995.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.537-546
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• 2017

This study is for a search for methods of development of marine leisure sports. As worldwide trend of marine leisure sports is developing rapidly and people more concern about their quality of life and leisure in Korea, the ear of marine leisure sports should be coming in Korea soon. This study is for a search for methods of development though the SWOT analysis. The results of the study are as below. First, the Strength of enlargement of the base in Korea are elation of concern of government and local governments, expanding local event of marine leisure sports with existing facilities and various programs. Second, the weakness of enlargement of the base in Korea are lack of awareness of marine leisure sports, frequent accident occurrence and lack of experts of marine leisure sports. Third, the Opportunity of enlargement of the base in Korea are more budget due to elation of concern of government and local governments and more preference of people in Korea. Fourth, the Threaten of enlargement of the base in Korea are low efficiency of high cost investment construction from government and local governments, huge fee of using facilities due to high cost investment construction and requiring treatment improvement of instructors of leisure sports facilities.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.45-51
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• 2015

PBDEs (polybrominated diphenyl ehters) are rarely dissolved in water due to their strong hydrophobicity and large molecular mass so not many researches were done in aqueous environment compared to other environmental compartments. However, the mass loading from wastewater treatment plant into aquatic environment, re-suspension from bottom sediment and partitioning from floating particles and colloids may not be negligible. It is, therefore, important but also difficult to investigate PBDEs in water environment. Recent overcoming resolution towards this barrier to monitor hydrophobic organic compounds in aquatic environment is using passive sampling technique like semipermeable membrane device. By using passive sampling, it might be possible to obtain long-term reproducible monitoring result and detect the trace amounts of PBDEs, with controlling fluctuation of surrounding environmental factors during the sampling event. So therefore, this study is purposed to confirm the possibility of using SPMD (semi-permeable membrane device) as water monitoring tool. Grab samples, composite samples and SPMDs were applied in river bank to evaluate the concentration difference and temporal fluctuation by various water sampling method, and to assess the water concentration prediction capability of SPMD for the PBDEs.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.43-52
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• 2014

Recently, Big Data is a buzzword in the creative economy generation. The organizations related to spatial information society focus on building the spatial big data systems. As spatial big data is a combination of spatial information and big data, the data visualization is essential in order to utilize them efficiently. One of the great methodologies for data visualization is infographics. Nationally, Chousn.com initiated the infographics news in 2010. Korean Administration Branches also recognized the importance of infographic and they adopted infographics for their briefings from 2013. Internationally, Visual.ly is leading company in the infographics market and they produced noticeable interactive infographics for Egypt Parliamentary Elections results. In the defense part, Guardian's datajournalism of Afghanistan war log was a good example of utilizing infographics. Throughout the research, five requirements are extracted. First source data should have precision and accuracy in terms of time and space manner. Second, infographics images have a compressibility. Third, the infographics is properly processed for military commanders. Fourth, sharing, openness and communication are essential for high quality infographic. Lastly, infographics should be an analytic tool for predicting future event based on the past data. Infographics is not a direct representation of data but an analytic tool for helping user's choice and decision in critical moments.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.90-97
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• 2009

The purpose of the study was to examine basic property at the time of applying cast ('CS' below) and high fineness fine particle cement ('FC' below) as a stimulant to 20% substitution cement mortar of ground granulated blast-furnace slag ('BS' below) to settle a problem that early strength of BS mortar is lowered. The results were as follows. First of all, as a characteristic of fresh mortar, liquidity was reduced as much as BS substitution rate was increased. When substituting CS for BS 20%, it didn't have a large effect regardless of substitution rate. When substituting FC, it was reduced as much as substitution was increased. In the event of compressive strength, it was reduced as much as BS substitution was increased in early age. In age 28, it was somewhat increased by reflection of potential hydraulicity. With regard to improvement of early compressive/bending strength of BS 20% substitution mortar, when substituting CS, in early age, they were a little increased as much as addition rate was increased. When substituting FC, in early and 28 age, they were largely increased as much as substitution rate was increased. To settle a problem that early strength of BS 20% substitution mortar was lowered, CS substitution has a little effect and FC 25% substitution was similar to plain with only OPC. Therefore, when substituting FC 25%, it is expected that its quality will be improved.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.349-359
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to help improve the quality of education to keep up with fast-changing environments in educating sector. Relevant literature and data were reviewed, and the subjects in this study were dental hygiene juniors at seven two-year colleges in the Seoul metropolitan area and other regions, on whom a survey was conducted for about three months from August through October, 2004, to assess their satisfaction level with their major and educational environments. And it's concluded that in order to attract more new students and foster qualified students, dental hygiene practice labs should be improved on a large scale, and that there should be a great deal of investment in teaching facilities. The major findings of the study were as follows: 1. As for satisfaction with major choice, 57.5% of the students investigated, the largest percentage, expressed satisfaction with their major. 27.8%, the second largest group, found their choice not to be bad. 2. Regarding satisfaction with the state of practice labs, 41.9% were pleased with practice labs. This rate was quite lower than that of nursing students, as 64.2% of nursing students were pleased with their practice labs.7) 3. As to satisfaction with individual practice labs, oral prophylaxis labs were considered most satisfactory, as 53.9% were satisfied with them. Digital radiation labs appeared to be satisfactory the least, which made 77.0% dissatisfied. 4. Whether there were any connections between their working experience as a clinical worker and satisfaction level was investigated. In terms of their satisfaction with major choice and the state of practice labs, the students who had ever worked as a clinical worker were relatively pleased with the state of practice labs. As for satisfaction with each practice lab, those who had ever served as a clinical worker before being admitted into college expressed more satisfaction with radiation practice labs(p<0.05) and digital radiation labs(p<.05) than the others who hadn't. The gap between the two was statistically significant. 5. In regard to the causes of dissatisfaction with practice labs, 93.7 and 80.0% were respectively dissatisfied with digital radiation labs and basic dental hygiene labs because their colleges were devoid of those labs. 51.6%, the largest group, found oral prophylaxis labs unsatisfactory because of their frequent breakdown. In the event of most of the other practice labs, the greatest percentage were discontented due to a shortage of equipment.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.123-131
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• 2016

Process mining in big data environment utilize a number of data were generated from the business process. It generates lots of knowledge and insights regarding implementation and improvement of the process through the event log of the company's enterprise resource planning (ERP) system. In recent years, various research activities engaged with the audit work of company organizations are trying actively by using the maximum strength of the mining process. However, domestic studies on applicable sales auditing system for the process mining are insufficient under big data environment. Therefore, we propose process-mining methods that can be optimally applied to online and traditional auditing system. In advance, we propose continuous monitoring information system that can early detect and prevent the risk under the big data environment by monitoring risk factors in the organizations of enterprise. The scope of the research of this paper is to design a pre-verification system for risk factor via practical examples in sales auditing. Furthermore, realizations of preventive audit, continuous monitoring for high risk, reduction of fraud, and timely action for violation of rules are enhanced by proposed sales auditing system. According to the simulation results, avoidance of financial risks, reduction of audit period, and improvement of audit quality are represented.