• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.144-151
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• 2020

Background: This study was designed to evaluate characters of the rotator cuff tear (RCT) recognized after primary shoulder dislocation in patients older than 40. Methods: From 2008 to 2019, patients who visited two hospitals after dislocation were retrospectively reviewed. Inclusion criteria were patients over 40 who had dislocation, with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) undergone. Exclusion criteria were patients who lost to follow-up, combined with any proximal humerus fracture, brachial plexus injury, and previous operation or dislocation history in the ipsilateral shoulder. Also patients who had only bankart or bony bakart lesion in MRI were excluded. We evaluated RCTs that were recognized by MRI after the primary shoulder dislocation with regard to tear size, degree, involved tendons, fatty degeneration, the age when the first dislocation occurred, and the duration until the MRI was evaluated after the dislocation. Results: Fifty-five RCTs were included. According to age groups, the tear size was increased in coronal and sagittal direction, the number of involved tendons was increased, and the degree of fatty degeneration was advanced in infraspinatus muscle. Thirty-two cases (58.2%) conducted MRI after 3 weeks from the first shoulder dislocation event. This group showed that the retraction size of the coronal plane was increased significantly and the fatty accumulation of the supraspinatus muscle had progressed significantly. Conclusions: Age is also a strong factor to affect the feature of RCT after the shoulder dislocation in patients over 40. And the delay of the MRI may deteriorate the degree of tear size and fatty degeneration.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.175-192
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to provide the characteristics and development direction of K-fashion and to systematize the strategic features performed by government agencies, fashion associations, fashion companies, and other companies to activate K-fashion. This research analyzed K-fashion related articles published in major newspapers and magazines in Korea from the late 1990s to early 2017. The results of the study are as follows. 1. The characteristics of K-fashion are as follows: The first is a trendy and sophisticated design with modern sensibilities, unique designs that reinterpret the latest trends with designer creativity, practical and popular designs that ordinary people can wear comfortably in everyday life. The second is functional and trendy materials. The third is excellent sewing technology. The fourth is rapid turnover of products by quick connections among planning, production and sales. The fifth is a lower price than quality. 2. The direction for K-fashion to pursue was the continuous and ongoing development of the above characteristics and the creation of a 'design with the Korean emotion of its 5,000 year history'. 3. The following projects were carried out to promote K-fashion. 1) Utilization of K-pop, K-drama and other Korean wave content. (1) Holding a fashion concert event that combines Idol's K-Pop performances with fashion shows. (2) Hallyu (Korean wave) star's costume support and design collaboration with Hallyu stars. (3) Collaboration between entertainment companies and fashion companies. 2) Nurturing a global fashion branding project. 3) Business support for overseas expansion of the K-fashion brand. (1) Support project for foreign trade fair participation. (2) Holding a fashion brand fair in Korea. (3) Overseas business support by establishing a showroom and design center 4) Business to discover and nurture new designers

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.43-66
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• 1997

This work examines reemployment processes through the use of event history unemployment data in the United States. Two aspects of these processes, the duration of unemployment and changes in the reemployment rate, are modelled and analyzed in terms of individual characteristics and their structural positions in the labor market. The secondary labor market is a competitive market in which unemployment occurs because people quit their jobs to devote more time in search for better jobs. Using search theory, the rate of reemployment has a positive time dependence as the searcher lower her reservation wage with the passage of time. By contrast, the primary market is characterized by long-term employment relations which reduce voluntary turnovers but generate layoffs temporarily. Relying on contract theory, because workers on temporary layoffs wait for recall, reemployment rates have a constant time dependence. Empirical results of unemployment durations indicate that reemployment processes are influenced by individual's positions in dual labor market structures. While the analysis suggests that the amount of search reemployment seems to be positively related to the degree of competitiveness of a market, somewhat weaker results are noted in the search reemployment processes in competitive markets.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.37-49
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• 2016

Purpose: This study investigated the current status of post-traumatic stress and related factors among safety managers in Korea National Parks. Methods: The study subjects were 109 safety managers working in Korea National Parks. General characteristics, job-related characteristics, experience of traumatic events and post-traumatic stress were collected by self-reported questionnaires through the mail. The associated factors with post-traumatic stress was analyzed by t-test, ANOVA and multiple linear regression. Results: Overall score of post-traumatic stress was $10.32{\pm}11.37$ and 12.8% was the high-risk group of post-traumatic stress disorder. In simple analysis, score of post-traumatic stress was associated with drinking frequency, disease history, duration of career, delay of rescue, provided the break, rest space and the number of experiences of traumatic events. Finally, the score of post-traumatic stress was significantly higher in subjects who experienced 3 (B=9.141, SE=3.538) or more than 4 (B=11.367, SE=3.063) traumatic events compared to subjects without experience of traumatic event. Conclusion: The score of post-traumatic stress was $10.32{\pm}11.37$ and 12.8% was the high-risk group among safety managers in Korea National Parks. Post-traumatic stress was associated with the experience of traumatic events. Management of safety managers after mobilization or experience of traumatic events will be helpful to decrease of post-traumatic stress.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.61-69
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• 2019

Background: Scarce data have been reported on the efficacy of concomitant atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation in patients undergoing bioprosthetic valve replacement. Methods: From 2001 and 2014, 146 consecutive patients ($69.3{\pm}9.4years$, 84 females) who underwent bioprosthetic heart valve replacement concomitant with AF ablation were assessed. We evaluated long-term rhythm and valve-related outcomes. Results: During 49.1 months of follow-up (interquartile range, 22.5-96.8 months), 7 in-hospital and 49 (6.7% per person-year) post-discharge deaths occurred. The thromboembolic event-free survival rate at 5 years was $79.2%{\pm}3.5%$. The freedom from AF recurrence rate at 5 years was $59.8%{\pm}4.9%$. Multivariate analysis showed that old age (hazard ratio [HR], 1.06; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02-1.11; p=0.002), previous cardiac operation (HR, 3.01; 95% CI, 1.22-7.43; p=0.02), and a large left atrial (LA) dimension (HR, 1.02; 95% CI, 1.00-1.05; p=0.045) were significantly associated with AF recurrence. Conclusion: The overall long-term clinical outcomes in these predominantly elderly patients undergoing AF ablation concomitantly with bioprosthetic valve replacement were satisfactory; however, AF recurrence was frequent. Older age, a history of prior cardiac surgery, and large LA size were associated with an increased risk of AF recurrence.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.49
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• pp.121-173
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• 2016

An election is a major event in a country that elects the people's representatives. Currently, Korea's electoral system has a structure that limits the exclusion of the minority's opinion. Also, it has strengthened the monopoly of major political parties. Despite the harsh conditions, Green Party Korea has proposed an alternative to prevent even the minority from being excluded by practicing direct democracy and expanding proportional representation through the institutionalization of the democratic process within the party. Election campaigns should thus reflect this orientation of Green Party Korea. The local elections and the national elections reflect Korea's political and social status and show the course over two minority parties beyond such limits. Moreover, they provide evidence of the activities of Green Party Korea. The paper analyzes how the election archives of the party hold the values of democracy, how minor parties jump to another because of the unfavorable election system, and how the archives of Green Party Korea reflect its values on the political history of Korea.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.150-157
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• 2020

In this study, an algorithm was developed to validate the seismic acceleration measurement data of the seismic acceleration measurement system using measurement data from public buildings currently in operation. Through the results of the study, an algorithm was developed to detect errors and abnormalities in the measurement data itself and the process of generating real-time data (MMA/sec) and event measurement data (MiniSEED), which are the main data generated by the system, and the basic data for determining the direction of inspection through measurement data analysis. It is expected that this will be used as a guideline to determine whether or not the seismic acceleration measurement system, which was managed as receiving/not receiving, is inspected and abnormal types of conditions.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.72-79
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• 2022

Objective : Any traumatic event can be a risk factor, for subsequent mental disorder. However, childhood trauma, especially in interpersonal nature, is associated with later development of complex symptom patterns. This study examined the role of dissociation as a mediator between childhood trauma and symptom complexity. Methods : A pooled data of 369 psychiatric outpatients at a university-affiliated hospital was analyzed for descriptive statistics, group differences, and bivariate correlation analysis to verify a structural model. The questionnaires included the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised, the Trauma History Screen, the Dissociative Experiences Scale-Taxon, the Beck Depression Inventory, the Beck Anxiety Inventory, and the Abbreviated PTSD checklist. Results : When other trauma variables were controlled, childhood interpersonal trauma had significant correlation with symptom complexity (r=0.155, p=0.003). Among the paths analyzed, that of childhood interpersonal trauma and dissociation showed the greatest impact on symptom complexity (b=9.34, t=5.75, p<0.001). Based on the significance of the indirect impact, the results suggest a complete mediation impact of dissociation on symptom complexity. Conclusion : This study validated that childhood interpersonal trauma impacts symptom complexity, through the sequential mediating impact of dissociation. Thus, clinicians should understand childhood interpersonal trauma, dissociation, and symptom patterns in a complex and interacting mode, and develop effective pertinent treatment strategies.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.466-479
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• 2021

Fake news is flooded with fake news that mixes untrue falsehoods in whole or in part. In order to create a frame for political and social purposes, news is mainly created by combining facts with fakes, or news is created for the purpose of incitement to encourage distortion and hatred. In particular, some media, including over-the-air broadcasting, are expressing their political bias in a specific direction without hesitation. Even if the press has political bias, if it is based on the delivery of facts, a trusted media environment can be achieved under the mutual checks of conservatives and progressives. The May 18 Democratic Uprising is a painful history and fact of modern history, leaving remuneration and progress. Nevertheless, there is still a view that the May 18 Democratic Uprising is regarded as 'democracy movement' and 'violence'. This study analyzed how the conservative JoongAng Ilbo and the progressive Kyunghyang Shinmun Manpyeong deal with the May 18 Democratic Uprising. The Manpyeong of the two newspapers differs greatly from the viewpoint of the May 18 Democratic Uprising. The liberal tendency of the Kyunghyang Shinmun Manpyeong has great significance in that it reveals the essence of the event and satirizes the subject. On the other hand, the conservative JoongAng Ilbo Manpyeong cannot approach the nature of the case or the object of satire due to ambiguity.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.5-44
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• 1996

Wornen's lahor market participation as well as the policy concern for wider utilization of married women, have continuously grown up. However, research efforts on the determinants of women's labor market participation, in the context of the relationship hetween life courses and active entry into lahor market, has been far behind the growing interest in this field. This study has conducted an event histoiry analysis of women's labor market transition utilizing personal occupational history data collected by the Korea Institute for Women's Development in 1991. The analysis is divided into tow parts: First part introduces logit regression to analyze the determinants of women's labor market participation and exit. The second part employs Cox regression to see the variation of transition rate between employment and non-employment. The result shows that there is a wide variation in women's labor market participation according to age, cohort, and family formation. Special note is needed for the significantly negative effect of marriage and child birth on labor market participation. The transition pattern of lower class women with less education fits well to the prediction of neo-classical economics; but the tendency of highly educated women's regression to non-employment reveals the strong influence of the unfavorable labor market structure, which can be better explained by the neo-structuralist perspective. There is a strong trade-off between productive and reproductive labor of women, which can only be corrected by strong policy implementation, such as extended child care facilities, abolition of discriminatory employment practices, and expansion of flexible part-time employment.