• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.34 no.5 s.118
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• pp.14-23
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• 2006

Recently there have been great interest in the street landscapes, and numerous studies have been investigating shaping processes of urban landscapes, legal systems for scenery management, landscape preference and evaluation techniques. However, there are only few studies investigating how planting types influence on street landscape evaluation and how the relationships among street landscapes are. This study aims to make a guidelines which can be used for securing afforestation in urban settings and improving urban environment. In specific, the results of this study can provide guidelines for urban street design and the base knowledge for identifying appropriate requirements for better street landscapes. We identify factors which make shape certain images of street landscape, and draw physical factors influencing on visual appropriateness through visual landscapes evaluation process. To evaluate landscapes according to planting types, on-the-spot survey at 14 streets in Gang-Nam district were made. The district is under executing street improving projects and shows the most satisfying planting types. To evaluate street landscapes which people experience during their walking, 100m of continuous streets are chosen. The survey sites exclude streets with irregular pattern, are adjacent to large urban parks or are used as parking spaces in part. We evaluated 9 street landscapes classified into 1-line-planting, 2-line-planting and 3-line-planting on the basis of the location of planting and the planting methods.

• Journal of the Korean Professional Engineers Association
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.12-17
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• 2000

The rebuilt and redevelopment projects conducted these days surely have invited overpopulation. Its one of the culprits is the municipal ordinances which allow the floor to site area ratio to increase from 200% to 400% in a decade and the adjacent distance ratio from 1.25 to 0.8 times of height of building. Possible solutions for the overpopulation problem are as below. - The floor to site area ratio should be regulated adaptively according to various regional localities. - Draw back the capital gains coming from a rebuilding project For evaluation process; - Select a suitable plan from plurality of proposals - Gradually encourage projects towards remodeling system in the near future

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics B
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• v.30B no.1
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• pp.56-62
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• 1993

OWT is a tool for block transform coding with wavelet basis functions that overlap adjacent blocks. The OWT can reduce the block effect. In this paper performances of OWT are evaluated for AR model. Some simulation results show that performances are nearly same to DCT, but block effect is reduced to very low level.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.308-318
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the biomechanical properties of fractured adjacent soft tissue during closed reduction after forearm fracture using the finite element method. To accomplish this, a finite element (FE) model of the forearm including soft tissue was constructed, and the material properties reported in previous studies were implemented. Based on this, nine finite element models with different fracture types and fracture positions, which are the main parameters, were subjected to finite element analysis under the same load and boundary conditions. The load condition simulated the traction of increasing the fracture site spacing from 0.4 mm to 1.6 mm at intervals of 0.4 mm at the distal end of the radioulnar bone. Through the finite element analysis, the fracture type, fracture location, and displacement were compared and analyzed for the fracture site spacing of the fractured portion and the maximum equivalent stress of the soft tissues adjacent to the fracture(interosseous membrane, muscle, fat, and skin). The results of this study are as follows. The effect of the major parameters on the fracture site spacing of the fractured part is negligible. Also, from the displacement of 1.2 mm, the maximum equivalent stress of the interosseous membrane and muscle adjacent to the fractured bone exceeds the ultimate tensile strength of the material. In addition, it was confirmed that the maximum equivalent stresses of soft tissues(fat, skin) were different in size but similar in trend. As a result, this study was able to numerically confirm the damage to the adjacent soft tissue due to the fracture site spacing during closed reduction of forearm fracture.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.289-293
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was performed to determine the relationship between the stage of tooth eruption (both vertical and mesio-angular) and chronological age. Materials and Methods: Indirect digital panoramic radiographs were used to measure the distances from the dentinoenamel junction (DEJ) of the second molars to the occlusal plane of the second molar teeth and of the adjacent third molars in 264 Thai males and 437 Thai females using ImageJ software. The ratio of those distances was calculated by patient age, and the correlation coefficient of the ratio of the third molar length to the second molar length was calculated. Results: The correlation between the height of the vertically erupted upper third molar teeth and age was at the intermediate level. The age range of ${\geq}15$ to <16 years was noted to be the range in which the correlation between the chronological age determined from the eruptional height and actual chronological age was statistically significant. The mean age of the female subjects, in which the position of the right upper third molar teeth was at or above the DEJ of the adjacent second molar but below one half of its coronal height was $19.9{\pm}2.6$ years. That for the left side was $20.2{\pm}2.7$ years. The mean ages of the male subjects were $20.1{\pm}3.3$ years and $19.8{\pm}2.7$ years for the right and left sides, respectively. Conclusion: It might be possible to predict chronological age from the eruption height of the wisdom teeth.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.145-151
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• 2023

Purpose: Prior to cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), orthodontic competence included radiological interpretation. Nevertheless, maxillary impacted canines (MICs), because of their position and adjacent complex anatomy, have been challenging to interpret, particularly with regard to root resorption. Although CBCT cross-sectional reconstructions of MICs yielded clearer insights into its diagnosis and treatment planning, the value of simultaneously using 2 different cross-sectional or multiplanar reconstructions of the CBCT datasets - orthogonal and curved/panoramic multiplanar reconstructions - has hitherto not been considered. Materials and Methods: Both orthogonal and curved/panoramic multiplanar reconstruction series of 5 screenshots were each reconstructed from the 5 cm×5 cm CBCT datasets of 15 separate MICs. Fifteen credentialled and experienced orthodontist volunteers reviewed 2 separate PowerPoints of 15 randomized series each, 1 week apart. Their review considered 6 factors that could affect treatment: the position and level of the MIC, the presence or absence of root resorption, ankylosis, cysts, and dilaceration. Results: All 15 orthodontists were statistically similar regarding overall years of experience and of CBCT use. Although either reconstruction alone allowed the orthodontists to determine whether ankylosis and, to a lesser extent, most of the other features were present or absent in the MIC, reviewing both reconstructions together was necessary to determine whether root resorption was present or absent in the adjacent tooth. Conclusion: Reviewing both orthogonal and curved/panoramic multiplanar reconstructions was necessary to evaluate the presence or absence of root resorption in the teeth adjacent to MICs and that of many other features.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.283-291
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• 2018

Objective: This study was conducted to perform histomorphometric evaluations of the bone surrounding orthodontic miniscrews according to their proximity to the adjacent tooth roots in the posterior mandible of beagle dogs. Methods: Four male beagle dogs were used for this study. Six orthodontic miniscrews were placed in the interradicular spaces in the posterior mandible of each dog (n = 24). The implanted miniscrews were classified into no loading, immediate loading, and delayed loading groups according to the loading time. At 6 weeks after screw placement, the animals were sacrificed, and tissue blocks including the miniscrews were harvested for histological examinations. After analysis of the histological sections, the miniscrews were categorized into three additional groups according to the root proximity: high root proximity, low root proximity, and safe distance groups. Differences in the bone-implant contact (BIC, %) among the root proximity groups and loading time groups were determined using statistical analyses. Results: No BIC was observed within the bundle bone invaded by the miniscrew threads. Narrowing of the periodontal ligament space was observed in cases where the miniscrew threads touched the bundle bone. BIC (%) was significantly lower in the high root proximity group than in the low root proximity and safe distance groups. However, BIC (%) showed no significant differences among the loading time groups. Conclusions: Regardless of the loading time, the stability of an orthodontic miniscrew is decreased if it is in contact with the bundle bone as well as the adjacent tooth root.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.124-134
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• 2016

Research on low height noise barriers installed adjacent to railways to reduce the height of the noise barrier has actively progressed in many countries except Korea. The performance of low height noise barriers is evaluated to identify barrier acoustic characteristics using a scale model of the barrier in the present research. As shown in the experimental results, if it is considered the installation of 'ㄱ' type noise barrier, sound absorption material should be installed on both the top and the vertical surfaces of the barrier to improve insertion loss. Also, an analytical method such as the boundary element method, rather than a simple empirical equation, is required to evaluate the insertion loss of the barrier. In addition, noise level increase in passenger position is very small if a barrier with sound absorption material is installed. Finally, the two dimensional boundary element method is implemented to predict the acoustic characteristics of the low height barrier; the possibility of the application is confirmed from a comparison of the results of measurements and predictions.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.459-468
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• 2023

Power plant is a kind of basic industrial facility and might cause fatal industrial and human damage. In this study, the characteristics and effect of blast-induced vibration for tunnelling which underpass ○○ power plant in operation were evaluated. Previous blasting cases adjacent to industrial facilities were intensively reviewed, then allowable vibration criteria were suggested. 3 dimensional dynamic numerical analysis based on finite element method was performed to investigate particle velocity and resonance was examined by calculating the predominant frequencies. As a result, particle velocity at pump foundation which is nearest to the source was approached to the allowable criteria, therefore, the modified blasting pattern was newly suggested and confirmed the attenuation effect based on the test blasting. Consequently, appropriated decision-support procedure was established in case of adjacent blasting to industrial facilities.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.311-315
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• 2004

The detection of lymph node metastasis is an important step in tumor staging and is significant for therapy planning. It has been challenged to yield an appropriate image with diagnostic methods such as Magnetic Resonance (MR) and Computed Tomography (CT). Though CT has been used widely and accessed easily to show internal organs, it can hardly provide difference between lymph node and adjacent vessel or fat tissue. It has been well established that MR can reveal the subtle discrepancy within soft tissue. This study investigated the suitability of MR lymph node imaging without contrast enhancement by comparison of T1-weighted image (T1WI) and T2- weighted image (T2WI) in ten normal rabbits. According to the pulse sequence optimized from preliminary study, T1-weighted spin-echo (repetition time/echo time=400/12 ms) and T-2 weighted fast spin-echo (repetition time/echo time=3500/84 ms) images covering the hind limbs and pelvic region were acquired at 1.5 T. Two radiologists scrupulously evaluated the MR images in consensus. And signal intensity of lymph nodes was compared with that of adjacent fat. Statistical analysis showed that T1-weighted coronal image visualized the lymph nodes (iliac, superficial inguinal and popliteal lymph nodes) quickly and consistently rather than T2-weighted one. Conclusively, T1WI for evaluation of lymph nodes is moderately better than T2WI and appears to have potential for quick and sufficient mapping of the lymph nodes. In addition, this normal MR image of lymph nodes could be applied to further study for the evaluation of lymphatic system in abscess and tumor bearing animal model.