• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 1995.05a
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• pp.425-430
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• 1995

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.617-625
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• 2013

The present study was carried out to assess dietary exposure and risk for the infant population by lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and arsenic (As) exposure through modified milk powder and formulas. Analysis of heavy metals was performed using a microwave device and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, the method for which was fully validated. Various samples (n=204), including modified milk powder, modified milk, follow-up modified milk powder, infant formula and follow- up formula, were collected from retail outlets and markets across Korea. The mean contents of heavy metals were Pb 0.0004 (modified milk)-0.010 (infant formula) mg/kg, Cd 0.002 (modified milk)-0.007 (follow-up formula) mg/kg, and As 0.004(modified milk)-0.040 (infant formula) mg/kg, respectively. For risk assessment, daily intakes of heavy metals through maximum intake of modified milk powder and formulas were calculated and compared with reference doses established by JECFA and WHO. The dietary exposures of heavy metals were $0.78-1.04{\mu}g$ Pb/d, $0.65-0.87{\mu}g$ Cd/d, and $2.25-3.00{\mu}g$ As/d, corresponding to 2.0-4.5%, 7.1-16.0%, and 0.4-0.9% of reference doses, respectively. Therefore, the level of overall dietary exposure to heavy metals for Korean infant through food intake was below 20% of the reference dose, indicating a low risk to infant consumers.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.92-105
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• 2000

A study for the structural strength evaluation on the slender doubler plate has been performed through the systematic evaluation process. In order to estimate the proper static strength of doubler plate subjected to the longitudinal in-plane compression, elasto-plastic large deflection analysis is introduced including the contact effect between main plate and doubler. The characteristics of stiffness and strength variation are discussed based on their results. Also, in order to compare the doubler structure with the original strength of main plate without doubler, a simple formula for the evaluation of the equivalent flat plate thickness is derived based on the additional series analysis of flat plate structure. Using this derived equation, the thickness change of a equivalent flat plate is analyzed according to the variation of various design parameters of doubler plate and some design guides are suggested in order to maintain the original strength of main plate without doubler reinforcement. Finally, correlation between derived equivalent flat plate formula and the developed buckling strength formulas by author et al. is discovered and these relations are formulated for the future development of simple strength evaluation formula of doubler plate structure.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.189-202
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• 2019

This study develops a bodice pattern for high school girls aged 17 to 19 that use virtual garment simulation. The study developed a bodice pattern based on the fit evaluation result for two selected bodice patterns. The basic formula of the design method based on the result of 3 times of fit evaluation is as follows: waist back $length=stature/8{\times}1.85cm$, waist front length=waist back length+bust/40+0.7cm, front bust girth=bust/2+4cm, back bust girth=Chest/2+3cm, armscye depth=Chest/4+0.5cm, back interscye length=bishoulder length -1.2cm, front interscye length=back interscye length -1.2cm, front neck width=back neck width -0.3cm. The developed bodice pattern used Bishoulder Length as a criteria for the calculation formula of back interscye length, and back interscye length as a criteria for the calculation formula of front interscye length. The fit evaluation showed the relevance of the bishoulder length, front interscye length, and back interscye length based on a comparison of the calculated figure. A bodice pattern with great body suitability and fitness to high school girls was developed through 3D virtual garment simulation that calculated the application of body proportion to width. This study only analyzed the evaluation result of a virtual model only in a representative form; however, a pattern study is also proposed to compare and analyze the design methods of patterns by body type.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.861-864
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• 2008

Enterobacter sakazakii, Salmonella typhimurium. and Bacillus cereus were evaluated on inoculated infant formula by gamma irradiation treatment as a method to provide microbial safety. The infant formula inoculated with the major pathogenic bacteria was treated at irradiation dose of 0, 3, 5, and 10 kGy, respectively. After treatment, the samples were individually packaged and stored at $20^{\circ}C$. Microbiological data during storage represented that the populations of E. sakazakii, S. typhimurium, and B. cereus were reduced with the increase of irradiation dose by 4 to 5 log reductions. In particular, E. sakazakii, S. typhimurium. and B. cereus were eliminated at 10, 5, and 3 kGy, respectively. E. sakazakii was the most radiation-resistant, while B. cereus was the least. Our results represent that gamma irradiation below 10 kGy should eliminate the growth of the major pathogenic bacteria in infant formula during storage.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2003

Background: Recently, Obesity has become a social problem in all over the world including Korea. Dietary regulation, exercise and behavior modification therapy are used in the treatment of obesity, but until now, there have been many difficulties in treating it. Objectives: To examine in obese pre-menopausal Korean females the short-term efficacy for weight loss of an herbal formula (Slim-diet). Design: A 6-week longituidinal evaluation of a herbal formula (Slim-diet) in 35 pre-menopausal females (baseline age $31.6\;{\pm}\;6.1$) with body mass index > $25kg/m^2$. Body composition was measured using bioimpedence analysis (BIA) and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Anthropometry was done by same observer. Total cholesterol, total lipid, triglyceride, and LDL-cholesterol were measured. Results: Herbal formula (Slim-diet) treatment produced significant loss of weight (P < 0.001), percent of body fat (P < 0.001, both BIA and DXA) and waist circumference (P < 0.001). It also produced significant reduction of total cholesterol and total lipid levels (P < 0.05).

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.19-28
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• 2019

To minimize the impact of urbanization, accurate performance evaluation of Low Impact Development (LID) facilities is needed. In Korea, the method designed to evaluate large-scale non-point pollution reduction facilities is being applied to LID facilities. However, it has been pointed out that this method is not suitable for evaluating the performance of relatively small-scale installed LID facilities. In this study, a new design formula was proposed based on the ratio of LID facility area and contributing drainage area, for estimating the Stormwater Interception Ratio (SIR) for LID facilities. The SIR was estimated for bio-retentions, infiltration trenches and vegetative swales, which are typical LID facilities, under various conditions through long-term stormwater simulation using the LID module of EPA SWMM. Based on the results of these numerical experiments, the new SIR formula for each LID facility was derived. The sensitivity of the proposed SIR formula to local rainfall properties and design variables is analysed. In addition, the SIR formula was compared with the existing design formula, the Rainfall Interception Ratio (RIR).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.246-255
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• 2021

Most fishing vessels are less than 100 m in length (LBP), which is not mandatory for the IMO standards for ship maneuverability. Therefore, research on estimating the maneuverability of fishing vessel hull shapes are somewhat lacking compared to that of merchant ship hull shapes, and at the design stage, the numerical simulation method developed for merchant ships are applied without modification to estimate the maneuverability. Since this can cause estimation errors, the authors have derived a modified empirical formula that can improve the accuracy of estimating the maneuverability of fishing vessels in a previous study. In this study, using the modified empirical formula, the IMO maneuverability evaluation items, the turning motion test and Z-test simulations were performed on the fisheries training vessel BAEK-KYUNG and compared with the sea trial test result to verify the validity of the modified empirical formula. In conclusion, the modified empirical formula was able to estimate quantitatively and qualitatively similar to the result of the sea trial test. Such a study on estimating the maneuverability of fishing vessels will be a good indicator for fishing vessel operators and will help them analyze marine accidents.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.166-169
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• 2004

A fatigue test was used to evaluate the fatigue life of an actual structure. The loaded state and the constraint condition of an actual structure must be same as the specimen in order to apply the test results to an actual structure by the specimen. The loaded state and constraint conditions can't be same as the specimen in the actual structure which is complicated. In order to reduce these differences, an actual structure test with a lot of frequencies is need to get a fatigue life curve. Therefore, ten sets of accelerated test units which attached unbalanced mass were composed in this study. Acceleration history about the vibration of an actual structure was acquired. Rainflow counting was used on acceleration history, and the life curve return formula was assumed. The return formula that damage satisfied `1' was acquired in a feedback process by the Miner's rule, which was the linear cumulative damage theory. A conservative fatigue life curve was determined with a return formula to have been presumed by each set. The fatigue life of regular rpm condition was calculated by these conservative fatigue life curves.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.24 no.3 s.174
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• pp.645-652
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• 2000

A method for shape design sensitivity analysis is proposed utilizing commercial software ANSYS for thermal conduction problems. While the sensitivity formula is derived analytically by introduing adjoint variable concept, sensitivity calculation in practice as well as the primal and adjoint solution of thermal conduction is performed using the ANSYS very easily. Since the formula always takes boundary integral form, sensitivity evaluation in ANSYS requires a little more addition of post-processing routine which involves evaluation of boundary variable from the obtained solution. Though the BEM has been used as a better tool for this purpose, the present study shows it can also be calculated using any kind of analysis code such as ANSYS since the formula is based on analytic nature. Therefore the present study provides a new and efficient way of optimization which was not possible before using commercial software. The usefulness of the method is illustrated via a weight minimization problem of thermal diffuser.