• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.331-341
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• 2022

Through emotional exhaustion, this study empirically tests followers' behavioral responses to autocratic leaders. The current research focuses on effects caused by despotic leadership on followers' emotional exhaustion, which leads to employee outcomes such as interpersonal deviances and indirect aggression. The association between despotic leadership and results (employee interpersonal deviance and indirect violence) is investigated in this study. In this study, emotional exhaustion is used as a mediator. Furthermore, negative affectivity is used as a moderator between despotic leadership and emotional exhaustion. A time-lagged framework is employed with a sample of 255 respondents. Age, qualification, marital status, gender, grade, type of organization, department, and job experience are among the eight demographical questions in this study. After evaluating the data for normality, correlation analysis was performed, followed by moderation and mediation analysis. The current study explores the link between despotic leadership and emotional exhaustion among followers, arguing that a despotic leader will leave followers exhausted at work. Emotional exhaustion was also linked to interpersonal deviances, such as indirect aggression, in a significant and positive way. Employee outcomes, such as interpersonal deviances and indirect aggressiveness through emotional exhaustion, will be influenced by a despotic leader, according to the findings.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.83-93
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• 2007

This paper gives an attempt to build a decision support tool linked with a simulation software called ARENA for evaluating and comparing the performance of the push and pull material driven strategies operating in the flow shop environment with a bottleneck resource as the shop's constraint. To be fair for such evaluation, the comparison must be made fairly under the optimal setting of both systems' operating parameters. In this study, an optimal-seeking heuristic algorithm, Genetic Algorithm (GA), is employed to suggest a systems' best design based on the economic consideration, which is the profit generated from the system. Results from the study have revealed interesting outcomes, letting us know the strength and weakness of the push and pull mechanisms as well as the effect of each operating parameter to the overall system's financial performance.

• Journal of Ceramic Processing Research
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.622-631
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• 2020

Fly ash is an industry by-product of thermal power factories that is broadly utilized in the concrete industry. This research shows a framework for evaluating the hydration heat, reaction amount, and strength progress of cement-fly ash binary composite. First, we conducted an experiment to study the isothermal hydration heat of fly ash composite paste with assorted fly ash contents and temperatures. According to the experimental outcomes of cumulative hydration heat, the coefficients of a kinetic reaction model of fly ash were determined. Furthermore, the reaction amount of fly ash was calculated using a fly ash reaction model. We discovered that the reaction of fly ash is considerably improved at elevated temperatures. The reaction amount of fly ash decreases with the growing content of fly ash. Second, in line with the reaction amount of fly ash and cement, we developed a straight-line equation for evaluating the strength progress of binary composite. The strength progress model applies to a number of water-to-binder ratios and fly ash substitution ratios. Summarily, the suggested hydration-heat-strength model is helpful for understanding the material style of fly ash concrete.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.207-213
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• 2015

Background Pincer nail deformity is a transverse overcurvature of the nail. This study aimed to define the anatomical characteristics of pincer nail deformity and to evaluate the surgical outcomes. Methods A retrospective review was conducted on 20 cases of pincer nail deformity of the great toe. Thirty subjects without pincer nail deformity or history of trauma of the feet were selected as the control group. Width and height indices were calculated, and interphalangeal angles and base widths of the distal phalanx were measured with radiography. We chose the surgical treatment methods considering perfusion-related factors such as age, diabetes mellitus, kidney disease, and peripheral vascular disease. The zigzag nail bed flap method (n=9) and the inverted T incision method (n=11) were used to repair deformities. The outcomes were evaluated 6 months after surgery. Results The interphalangeal angle was significantly greater in the preoperative patient group ($14.0^{\circ}{\pm}3.6^{\circ}$) than in the control group ($7.9^{\circ}{\pm}3.0^{\circ}$) (P<0.05). The postoperative width and height indices were very close to the measurements in the control group, and most patients were satisfied with the outcomes. Conclusions We believe that the width and height indices are useful for evaluating the deformity and outcomes of surgical treatments. We used two different surgical methods for the two patient groups with respect to the perfusion-related factors and found that the outcomes were all satisfactory. Consequently, we recommend taking into consideration the circulatory condition of the foot when deciding upon the surgical method for pincer nail deformity.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.336-351
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• 2022

Background: Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS) is a rare genetic disorder. To improve the health deterioration of PWS, investigating optimal treatment options for PWS is required. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of pharmacotherapies compared with supportive care or placebos in patients with PWS. Methods: PubMed and EMBASE databases were used to search for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the efficacy of pharmacotherapy in PWS patients. Only RCTs that evaluating the efficacy of pharmacotherapy in PWS patients were retrieved. Results: A total of 26 studies were included to evaluate body composition, hormones, glucose levels and hyperphagia behavioral status. Pharmacological treatment group showed a significant decrease of body fat (mean difference (MD): -6.32, 95% confidence interval (CI): -10.58 to -2.06, p=0.004), a significant increase of lean body mass (LBM) (MD: 1.86, 95% CI: 1.43 to 2.30, p<0.00001) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels (MD: 241.62, 95% CI: 68.59 to 414.64, p=0.006) compared with the control group. Nevertheless, based on other outcomes evaluated by the current systematic review, pharmacological options showed different efficacy in treating PWS. Conclusion: Pharmacological therapies were effective to decrease significantly in body fat and increase significantly on LBM and IGF-1 levels in patients with PWS. However, still, individualized therapies should be considered in real-world practice in PWS treatment.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.57-63
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• 1984

An inquiry approach in teaching science has been advocated by many science educators for the past few decades, and most elementary and secondary science curricula have incorporated it in varying degrees. It has been proven in recent studies, however, that there exists considerable discrepancy between the expectation of outcomes of the inquiry approach and the actuality. This in part implies that there is a somewhat urgent need for the systematic evaluation of the approach in teaching science. The purpose of this study is to develop a comprehensive instrument for evaluating inquiry teaching approaches embedded in science curricular materials. To develop a more valid and reliable instrument a set of empirical data was used in the developmental procedure, and most of the previous studies regarding inquiry teaching method and inquiry evaluation were consulted. The inquiry evaluation method developed in this study, called the Scientific Inquiry Evaluation Inventory (SIEI), is composed of three parts: (1) analyzing and coding each science process task of inquiry activity; (2) evaluating each inquiry activity as a whole; and (3) evaluating each science laboratory curriculum as a whole. The first part of the instrument consists of twenty science process categories and thirty subcategories grouped into four sections: (1) gathering and organizing data; (2) interpreting and analyzing data; (3) synthesizing results and evaluation; and (4) hypothesizing and designing an experiment. The science process categories are arranged according to the level of difficulty, psychological level of thinking, degree of creativity demand, and the model of the process of scientific inquiry, which is also developed in the study. The second part of the instrument contains four evaluation scales of inquiry activity: (1) competition/cooperation scale; (2) discussion scale; (3) openness scale; and (4) inquiry scope scale. And the last part consists of three methods for evaluating a science laboratory curriculum as a whole: (1) inquiry pyramid; (2) inquiry index; and (3) difficulty index. The instrument is designed to be used by teachers, science curriculum developers and science education evaluators for the purpose of diagnosing the nature and appropriateness of scientific inquiry introduced in secondary science curricular materials, especailly in laboratory work and field work.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.6875-6881
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• 2013

Background: Studies evaluating smoking cessation treatment outcomes in cancer patients are scarce, despite smoking cessation importance in cancer care. We sought to add to the literature by evaluating smoking cessation in a challenging group of cancer patients (medium-to-heavy smokers) visiting an out-patient smoking cessation clinic (SCC) in a cancer center in Amman, Jordan. Materials and Methods: Patients smoking >9 cigarettes per day (CPD) and referred to the SCC between June 2009 and May 2012 were studied. Clinic records were reviewed to measure demographic and baseline clinical characteristics, and longitudinal (3-, 6- and 12- month) follow-up by phone/clinic visit was conducted. At each follow-up, patients were asked if they experienced medication side-effects, if they had returned to smoking, and reasons for failing to abstain. Descriptive and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed. Results: A total of 201 smokers were included in the analysis. The 3-month abstinence was 23.4% and significantly associated with older age, being married, and presenting with lower (${\leq}10ppm$) baseline carbon monoxide (CO) levels. On a multivariable level, lower CO levels, a higher income (relative to the lowest income group), being older, and reporting severe dependence (relative to dependence reported as 'somewhat' or 'not') were significant predictors of higher odds of abstinence at three months. Reasons for failing to quit included not being able to handle withdrawal and seeing no value in quitting. Long-term ARs did not reach 7%. Conclusions: In a sample of Jordanian smokers (>9CPD) with cancer and receiving smoking cessation treatment, ARs were low and further declined with time. Results underscore the need for more aggressive patient management and rigorous follow-up during and after smoking cessation treatment, particularly when this takes place in challenging settings. Observed reasons for failure to abstain should be used to tailor counseling practices.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.153-164
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• 2021

Objectives: Despite the low cost and high accessibility of manual acupuncture (MA) treatments for the carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), this intervention has not been uniformly evaluated in systematic reviews (SR), and no SR has evaluated MA monotherapy for CTS. This review was conducted to summarize the findings and undertake a quality assessment of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of acupuncture treatment methods for mild-to-moderate CTS to identify clinical evidence for the use of MA in CTS. Methods: We searched five databases for articles on relevant RCTs that were published until June 2021 without imposing specific restrictions, such as age or sex, on CTS patients. RCTs that evaluated MA were included without any restriction on comparator interventions. Measurement tools for evaluating pain reduction and functional improvement or for evaluating efficacy using electrophysiological indicators were included as outcome measures. Results: We included seven RCTs, of which three studies reported both post-treatment improvement effects and statistical significance using p-values for all outcomes. Five studies reported statistically significant intergroup differences (p-values for all outcomes) in posttreatment improvement. None of the studies reported severe adverse effects of MA. In all of the RCTs, the reporting rates of the 2c, 2a, and 6a items of STRICTA 2010 were 14%, 29%, and 29%, respectively. PC7 (Daereung) was used to treat CTS in all of the included studies. Conclusion: MA can be used for CTS treatment without serious adverse effects. PC7 was the most commonly used acupoint. In order to ensure objective and reliable reporting, accurate standardization of acupuncture treatment methods acupoint terms should be undertaken in future RCTs.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.23-28
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• 2016

Purpose: We investigated whether serum levels of insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and insulin growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) are valuable in predicting clinical outcomes or are correlated with other laboratory findings in children with Henoch-$Sch{\ddot{o}}nlein$ purpura (HSP). Methods: We examined 27 children who were consecutively admitted to our hospital with HSP between January 2011 and February 2012. Blood tests (C-reactive protein, white blood cell count, platelet count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, albumin, immunoglobulin A, complement C3, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody, IGF-1, IGFBP-3) and urine tests were performed upon admission. IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 were resampled in the recovery phase. Controls included 473 children whose IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 were sampled for evaluating their growth, at the outpatient department of pediatric endocrinology in our hospital. IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 were compared between the HSP children and controls, and between the acute and recovery phases in HSP children. The ability of these values to predict clinical outcomes including renal involvement was analyzed using bivariate logistic regression analysis (BLRA). Results: IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 were not different between the HSP children and controls ($148.7{\pm}117.6$ vs. $69.2{\pm}96.9$, P=0.290: $3465.9{\pm}1290.9$ vs. $3597.2{\pm}1,127.6$, P=0.560, respectively). There was no significant difference in IGF-1 or IGFBP-3 between acute and recovery phases. Based on the BLRA, no variable, including IGF-1 and IGFBP-3, could predict clinical outcomes including the presence of nephritis Conclusion: We concluded that IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 do not predict clinical outcomes of HSP, including renal involvement, in this study.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Emergency Medicine
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.616-623
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• 2018

Objective: The shock index (SI), as a trauma triage tool, is a capable clinical indicator of hemodynamic instability and hypovolemic shock, but the conception of SI is contradictory to shock. The reverse shock index (RSI) was introduced recently, but its utility has not been sufficiently proven. Methods: This study examined the RSI utility by evaluating the procedures performed at an emergency department (ED) and the associated outcomes when the RSI is used alone or in combination with the Korean Triage and Acuity Scale (KTAS). This was a retrospective study conducted by including data of 4,789 adult trauma patients for a year. The clinical variables, procedures performed on patients, and outcomes were investigated. The median RSI was 0.9 in the RSI<1 group. Results: Patients in the RSI<1 group had a higher odds of requiring procedures at the ED and for experiencing worse outcomes: intubation (odds ratio [OR], 5.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.3-13.1; P<0.001), chest tube insertion (OR, 6.5; 95% CI, 0.4-111.84; P<0.001), use of emergency drugs (OR, 3.6; 95% CI, 1.5-8.5; P<0.001), circulatory support (OR, 5.4; 95% CI, 2.3-12.9; P<0.001), intensive care unit admission (OR, 3.5; 95% CI, 1.8-6.8; P<0.001), and mortality during the ED stay (OR, 20.4; 95% CI, 5.5-75.7; P<0.001). In the group with KTAS 1-3, trends similar to those in the RSI<1 group were observed. Patients with RSI<1 had more severe injuries and poorer outcomes than those with $RSI{\geq}1$, regardless of whether the RSI was used alone or in combination with KTAS. Conclusion: RSI can provide an appropriate triage with concurrent KTAS use.