• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.243-247
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• 2020

In the era of the fourth industrial revolution, safety of disasters is being emphasized above all else, and electric fires are most frequent during disasters, and human and property damage is very serious. In this paper, we propose a study that can determine the efficiency of evacuation and non-evacuation guidance due to the large difference in casualties depending on the traffic line in the case of fire. Evacuation guidance was assumed to be a situation in which adequate evacuation routes were guided by a recorded voice or a trained staff, and non-evacuation guidance was assumed to be a situation without anything. Evacuation simulations were carried out using a evacuation simulation tool called PATHFINDER and SIMULEX for the analysis of the efficiency of evacuation and non-evacuation guidance. As a result, the evacuation time was similar, but in the case of non-evacuation guidance, it was not guided to the safe zone, which could cause serious damage.

• 대한건축학회연합논문집
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.11-21
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to present an analysis model for finding the correlation between visibility and evacuation time as users move in the outpatient department of the general hospital. The spatial scope of the study was limited to the first floor and second floor which are used for the outpatient department. Traffic density in outpatient departments was surveyed on site. Based on the surveyed traffic density, the evacuation simulation model was established for calculating the escape route and evacuation time for an individual user. The traffic density of the outpatient department as per the evacuation time was also calculated. With using evacuation simulations, the flow of evacuees was calculated through the density of traffic over the time of evacuation. Visibility data were set in the simulation model for users' escape routes. A correlation analysis between the product of evacuation flow measure and visibility measure of the evacuation population and evacuation time was performed. The analysis result showed negative correlation within a specific distance range. This study presented an analysis model showing that the evacuation condition considering spatial visibility in the outpatient department of general hospital visibility was negatively related to the analyzed evacuation time at the design stage.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.63-74
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• 2024

The objectives of this study is to classify evacuation types, derive the characteristics of 4 types, develop and discover evacuation routes within the performance hall space, and present the statistical classification results of the evacuation classification model by classification type. To achieve this purpose, the characteristics of each evacuation type's four types are applied through a network reliability analysis method and utilized for institutional improvement and policy. This study applies for the building law, evacuation and relief safety standards when establishing a performance hall safety management plan, and reflects it in safety-related laws, safety standards, and policy systems. Statistical data by evacuation type were analyzed, and measurement characteristics were compared and analyzed by evacuation types. Evaluate the morphological similarity and reliability of evacuation types according to door width and passage length and propose the install position of evacuation guidance sign boards. The results of this study are expected to be used as basic data to provide operation strategies for safety facility evacuation information sign boards according to evacuation route classification types when taking a safety management plan. The operation strategy for the evacuation sign boards installation that integrates employee guidance and safety training is applied to the performance hall safety management plan. It will contribute to establishing an operational strategy for performance space safety when constructing performance facilities in the future.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2006년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2006 PORSEC Volume I
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• pp.47-50
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• 2006

Tsunami disaster caused great damages and very large victims especially when occurs in urban area along coastal region. Therefore information of evacuation in a map is very important for disaster preparedness in order to minimize the number of victims in affected area. Here, information generated from remote sensing satellite data (SPOT 5 and DEM) and secondary data (administration boundary and field survey data) are used to simulate evacuation route and to produce a map for Padang City. Vulnerability and evacuation areas are determined based on DEM. Landuse/landcover, accessibility areas, infrastructure and landmark are extracted from SPOT 5 data. All the data obtained from remote sensing and secondary data are integrated using geospatial modelling to determine evacuation routes. Finally the simulation of evacuation route in Padang City for tsunami preparedness is provided based on the parameters derived from remote sensing data such as distances from shelters, save zones, city's landmarks and the local community experiences how they can survive with the disaster.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.219-229
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• 2018

연구목적: 본 연구는 전면전 위기 고조 시 효율적인 접경지역 주민 철수경로 및 일정수립에 최적화된 모형 제안을 목적으로 한다. 연구방법: 현실 반영을 위해 실제 도시의 지형, 인구, 도로 데이터를 기반으로 Kruscal's Algorithm, Harmony Search, CCRP를 활용하여 행정구역(읍 면 동) 단위 네트워크를 생성한 후, 최적의 주민철수로를 찾는 순서로 실험을 진행한다. 연구결과: 반복실험을 통해 최적의 주민철수 경로 및 스케줄을 산출하였고, 주민 철수시간 평균을 최소화하는 시나리오가 주민철수 계획수립에 효율적이라는 것을 확인하였다. 결론: 본 연구에서 제안하는 주민철수 모형을 활용하면, 주민철수 계획 수립 시 기존의 정성적인 분석에 정량적 분석을 보완하여 보다 효율적인 계획 수립이 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

• 디지털정책학회지
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.11-15
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• 2023

최근 사람이 많이 모이는 극장에서 갑자기 화재가 나서, 대피로를 찾지 못한 많은 사람들이 뒤엉켜 다치고 연기를 마시어 질식하는 등 대형 화재 사고가 있었다. 젊은 사람이 대부분인 상황에도 대피하지 못하였는데 만약 노약자였다면 더 큰 인명피해로 이어질 수 있었다. 특히 실내의 경우는 GPS로부터 정확한 위치정보를 전달받기 어렵기 때문에 비콘을 이용한 위치기반서비스와 직관적으로 스마트폰을 이용하여 증강현실로 대피로를 보여주는 긴급대피 시스템이 절실하게 필요하게 되었다. 본 논문에서는 비콘(Beacon)과 화재센서(IoT) 이용한 화재위치 및 대피로 경로 파악을 바탕으로 하여 증강현실 기반의 긴급대피용 스마트폰 앱을 개발하였다. 향후 제안 시스템이 사람이 밀집되는 실내공간에 적용된다면 갑작스런 화재사고에서도 신속한 대피가 가능하여 인명피해를 최소화 할 수 있을 것이다.

• 정보처리학회논문지:컴퓨터 및 통신 시스템
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• 제5권7호
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• pp.159-172
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• 2016

본 연구는 복층 건물에서 실내 재난상황이 발생했을 때 적절한 대피경로들을 산출하기 위한 새로운 알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안된 방안은 Disaster Evacuation Graph(DEG)를 도입하여, 탐색시간을 크게 단축시킨다. 또한, 대피 경로 상의 인원수용능력과 그에 따른 인원 분산을 동시에 고려한다. 경로를 탐색하는 과정은 크게 두 단계로 구성된다. 이 때 각 단계는 Horitzontal Tiering(HT)과 Vertical Tiering(VT) 단계라 한다. HT 단계에서는 특정 층 임의의 공간으로부터 계단으로 향하는 가능한 최적의 경로를 산출한다. 그리고 모든 층에 대해 HT 단계를 수행한 이후, 각 층의 모든 공간으로부터 건물 입구나 옥상과 같은 안전지대로 향하는 경로를 결정하기 위해, VT 단계에서 HT 단계의 결과들을 통합한다. 이러한 단계별 과정에서 각각, 층 내 모든 공간으로부터 계단으로 향하는 경로와 각 계단으로부터 안전지대로 향하는 경로가 산출된다. 그리고 이러한 과정에서 경로를 탐색하기 위한 그래프의 범위를 결정하기 위해 티어링(tiering) 기법이 이용된다. 제안된 알고리즘의 성능을 평가하기 위하여, 빠른 탐색과 인원 분산을 위해 기존에 연구되었던 경로탐색 알고리즘들과, 경로탐색에 소요된 시간 및 사용자 대피시간을 비교한다. 제안된 알고리즘은 기존에 비해 더 짧은 시간 내에 빠르게 대피할 수 있는 경로를 산출한다. 특히 경로탐색을 위한 시간복잡도 성능이 뛰어나기 때문에, 높은 층으로 구성된 큰 규모의 건물에서 유용하게 활용할 수 있다.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.71-82
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• 2024

In modern society, buildings are becoming more complex, and the population is becoming more densely populated. Such large buildings require a variety of evacuation measures, as there is a high possibility of large-scale human casualties due to increased evacuation distance and evacuation time in the event of a fire. Strobe light and exit sign light are used as important evacuation equipment to provide early warning and evacuation directions. In this thesis, we conducted a fire simulation assuming that a fire occurrence point notification function and a strobe light function were added to equipment such as visual alarms and evacuation guidance, and compared and analyzed the difference in evacuation completion time with existing equipment. The scenarios for the simulation were divided into "general fire situations" and "fire location and evacuation exit guidance situation" and the differences in evacuation completion time in the event of a fire were compared and analyzed for each floor from the 1st floor to the 3rd floor. The maximum travel distance to complete evacuation in the case of a fire on the first floor decreased by 80.6 m and the evacuation completion time decreased by 329.4 seconds, and the maximum travel distance to complete evacuation in the case of a second-floor fire decreased by 28.5 m and the evacuation completion time by 438.8 seconds. During the fire on the third floor, the maximum distance decreased until evacuation was completed to 3.4 m, and the evacuation completion time was reduced by 355.6 seconds. It is expected that if the congestion level of evacuation routes is reduced by utilizing the congestion level of evacuation exits when fire alarm systems and evacuation equipment are activated, the evacuation completion time will be further shortened and evacuations will be carried out quickly and safely.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.293-298
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• 2010

The residential comfort and safety on ship are more focused than ever, in accordance with the increase of the crews' onboard time and interest in cruiser sailing. To grasp the safety characteristics on ships against various scenarios of evacuations, this study performed experiments and simulations for the evacuation times on a training ship. Through the experiments, the average walking speed is 3.0m/s on 100% visibility, and 1.2m/s on 8% visibility, but the speeds go down 1.3m/s and 0.7m/s, respectively, when obstacles are happened without any previous notification. From the simulation, it is clearly reconfirmed that the worse visibility and many people make evacuation time comparatively longer. And unlike the common expectation of the effect of emergency announcement, the difference of evacuation times between cases of announcement and non-announcement is negligible on this study. From the survey after experiments, it is known that experiment participants feel unsafe and fear when the evacuation routes are longer in bad visible condition, even if they know the perfect evacuation route. And the survey results also show that the evacuees give more careful consideration to make a evacuation route decision under bad visibility.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.209-217
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• 2024

Recent years have seen a notable increase in fire incidents in university cafeterias, yet the social attention to these occurrences remains limited. Despite quick responses to these incidents preventing loss of life, the need for large-scale evacuation in such high foot traffic areas can cause significant disruptions, economic losses, and panic among students. The potential for stampedes and unpredictable damage during inadequate evacuations underscores the importance of fire safety and evacuation research in these settings. Previous studies have explored evacuation models in various university environments, emphasizing the influence of environmental conditions, personal characteristics, and behavioral patterns on evacuation efficiency. However, research specifically focusing on university cafeterias is scarce. This paper addresses this gap by employing Pathfinder software to analyze fire spread and evacuation safety in a university cafeteria. Pathfinder, an advanced emergency evacuation assessment system, offers realistic 3D simulations, crucial for intuitive and scientific evacuation analysis. The studied cafeteria, encompassing three floors and various functional areas, often exceeds a capacity of 1500 people, primarily students, during peak times. The study includes constructing a model of the cafeteria in Pathfinder and analyzing evacuation scenarios under different fire outbreak conditions on each floor. The paper sets standard safe evacuation criteria (ASET > RSET) and formulates three distinct evacuation scenarios, considering different fire outbreak locations and initial evacuation times on each floor. The simulation results reveal the impact of the fire's location and the evacuation preparation time on the overall evacuation process, highlighting that fires on higher floors or longer evacuation preparation times tend to reduce overall evacuation time.In conclusion, the study emphasizes a multifaceted approach to improve evacuation safety and efficiency in educational settings. Recommendations include expanding staircase widths, optimizing evacuation routes, conducting regular drills, strengthening command during evacuations, and upgrading emergency facilities. The use of information and communication technology for managing emergencies is also suggested. These measures collectively form a comprehensive framework for ensuring safety in educational institutions during fire emergencies.