• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.149-157
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• 2023

본 연구는 공연시설 내 공연장 무대공간에서 위기상황에서 피난 시 공연예술종사자가 반입구 및 공연자통로를 적극적으로 활용하는 것을 제안하는 것이 목적이다. 먼저 공연장 안전과 관련된 제도를 분석하고 무대피난 유형을 건축법 내 객석 피난 기준을 적용하여 A, B, C, D 형태로 분류하였다. 둘째, 측정자료를 바탕으로 통계자료를 정리하고 각 형태의 특징을 정리하였다. 셋째, 무대공간에서 피난 경로의 피난 안전성을 평가하기 위해 네트워크 신뢰도 측정방법을 차용하였다. 그리고 무대중심에서 반입구 방향, 공연자 출입문 방향이 피난에 유리함을 정량적으로 확인하였다. 본 연구에서 피난형태에 따른 피난의 유리함(A(0.1274)>B(0.1228)>C(0.0487))을 구분할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과는 무대피난 안전성을 향상과 무대피난의 기초자료로 활용될 수 있기를 기대한다.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제50권5호
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• pp.307-313
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• 2013

This paper presents a simulation for passenger ship evacuation considering determination of evacuating direction based on walking direction potential function. In order to determine walking direction of a passenger, his/her position in two dimensional plane was adopted as a design variable, and fixed boundaries such as walls and obstacles were adopted as constraints. To solve this optimum problem, a walking direction potential function was adopted as an objective function. This potential function was configured as a kind of penalty function and it contained two components. One is a potential function concerned with the distance to the destination, and other is a potential function based on the effect of walls and obstacles. To determine evacuating direction, this problem was solved by minimizing the walking direction potential function every unit time during the simulation. The crowd behavior of the passenger consisted of the flock behavior, a form of collective behavior of a large number of interacting passengers with a common group. With the proposed algorithm, the test problems in International Maritime Organization, Maritime Safety Committee/Circulation 1238(IMO MSC/Circ.1238) were implemented and the direction of passengers and total evacuation time was analyzed.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권11호
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• pp.16-22
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• 2017

인천과 시흥, 안산 소재의 위해관리계획 대상 사업장을 중심으로 인근 지역사회에 고지한 주민대피 장소 현황을 조사하고 기상자료 분석을 통하여 화학사고 시 안전한 주민대피를 위한 장소 선정 과정의 개선 방향을 연구하였다. 총 111개의 주민대피 장소 중에 학교가 30 곳으로 대다수 위해관리계획 대상 사업장이 선정하는 것으로 조사되었으며, 통상 2-3곳의 주민대피 장소를 선정하는 것으로 나타났다. 인천의 2016년도 지상기상관측자료를 분석한 결과 16방위 중 NNE 풍향 18.8525 %, NNW 풍향 18.0328 %, WSW 풍향 12.2951 %, SSE 풍향 9.0164 %, SW 풍향 8.4700 %, W 풍향 6.5574 %, S 풍향 5.7376 % 순으로 발생 빈도가 높았다. NNE 풍향이 발생빈도가 가장 높았지만 NNW 풍향과 차이가 크게 나지 않았고 상반되는 풍향인 WSW 풍향과 SSE 풍향도 비교적 높은 빈도를 나타내고 있어 연간 풍향은 어느 한쪽으로 치우쳐 있지 않는 것으로 확인되었다. 이를 고려하여 화학사고 시 안전한 방향의 대피 장소 선정에 보완점을 제시하였다.

• 의료ㆍ복지 건축 : 한국의료복지건축학회 논문집
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.7-16
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• 2022

Purpose: This study aimed to present an analysis model evaluating evacuation performance considering patient types and procedural evacuation in the medical facility. The user group of the medical facility, including users challenged in evacuation behavior, entails the risk of many casualties. Therefore, it is necessary to plan an evacuation procedure that considers the evacuation characteristics of users. Methods: Through the review of precedent studies, the evacuation procedure of the medical facility, the classification of patient types, and the evacuation procedure was set as conditions and variables for the analysis. The result caused by a variety of conditions and variables were explored. Results: 1) The total evacuation completion time and congestion time were shortened at the procedural evacuation. Moreover, it derived many users from evacuating at the initial phase. 2) The proposed model can provide a basis for proposing a space planning direction that considers the possibility of not carrying out the evacuation plan. 3) It supports safe evacuation by identifying variables that reduce overcrowding by comparing the congestion time of overcrowded spaces. 4) The analysis model can identify the overcrowded space through the evacuation route and suggest the basis for architectural improvements that reduce overcrowding. Implications: The study results can be used to analyze the performance of evacuation procedures and support the establishment of evacuation procedures and building plans for safe evacuation for medical facilities.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.261-269
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• 2023

During a nuclear power plant (NPP) accident, radioactive material may be released into the surrounding environment in the form of a radioactive plume. The behavior of the radioactive plume is influenced by meteorological factors such as wind direction and speed. If the residents are evacuated to a shelter in the direction of the flow of the radioactive plume, the radiation exposure of the residents may increase, contrary to the purpose of the evacuation. To avoid such an undesirable outcome, this paper applies a big data analysis to evaluate the suitability of the shelter locations near 5 NPPs in the Republic of Korea in terms of the seasonal wind direction frequency in those areas. To this end, the wind data measured around the NPPs from 2016 to 2020 were analyzed to derive the seasonal wind direction frequency using a big data analysis. These analyses results were then used to determine how many shelters around NPPs locate in areas with prevailing wind direction per season. Then, suggestions were made on the direction for residents not to evacuate, if possible, that is, the prevailing seasonal wind directions for 5 NPPs, depending on the season in which the accident occurs.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.118-122
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• 2013

For safe evacuation in the fire disaster, the evacuees must find the exit and evacuate quickly. Especially, if the evacuees don't know the location of the exit, they have to depend on the evacuation guidance system. Because the more smoke spread, the less visibility is decreasing, it is difficult to find the way to the exit by the naked eye. For theses reasons, the evacuation guidance system is highly important. However, the evacuation guidance system without change of direction has the risk that introduce to the dangerous area. In the evacuation safety assessment scenario by the evacuation simulation has the same problem. Because the evacuee in the simulation evacuate by the shortest route to the exit, the simulation result is same like the evacuation without the evacuation guidance system. In this study, it was used with MAS (Multi Agent System)-based simulation program including the evacuation guidance system to implement the change of evacuation by fire. Using this method, confidence of evacuation safety assessment can be increase.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.101-106
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 예기치 않는 화재 등의 재해가 돌발적으로 발생하였을 경우 소리 정보에 의해서 사람들을 적극적으로 올바른 방향으로 피난 유도시키려면 피난자가 유도 정보의 내용을 알아들을 뿐만 아니라 피난 방향도 지각할 수 있는 것이 필요하다. 이에 피난 유도음의 방향을 감지할 수 있는 선행음 효과를 이용하여 각 건물공간에서 선행음과 후속음에 대해서 음압레벨 변화와 지연시간 변화에 따른 청감실험 결과 즉, 최적의 음성 피난유도음을 도출하였다. 각 실내공간에서 최적의 음성 피난 유도음은 다음과 같다. 1) 강의실 공간에서 음성 피난 유도음의 최적의 조건은 선행음보다 후속음이 지연시간을 10ms~50ms 갖는 경우와 선행음과 후속음의 음압레벨 차이가 없거나 선행음이 높은 경우에 선행음 방향에 대하여 양호하게 인지하였다. 2) 복도 공간에서의 최적의 음성 피난 유도음은 선행음보다 후속음이 지연시간 20~60ms인 경우에 선행음에 대하여 양호하게 인지하였다. 3) 체육관에서는 최적의 음성 피난유도음은 선행음보다 후속음이 지연시간 10~40ms인 경우와 선행음이 후속음보다 음압레벨이 크거나 같은 경우에 선행음에 대하여 양호하게 인지하였다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권10호
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• pp.3599-3616
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• 2023

After a nuclear power plant (NPP) accident, it would be helpful to predict the movement of the radioactive plume emitted from the NPP as accurately as possible to protect the nearby population. Radioactive plumes are mainly affected by wind direction and speed. Since it is difficult to identify the wind direction and speed immediately after the accident, a good understanding of the historical wind data could save many lives and ensure smoother evacuation procedures. In this study, wind data for the past 10 years are analyzed for the five NPPs in the Republic of Korea (ROK). The analyzed data include wind direction and wind speed from 2012 to 2021. In particular, the characteristics of the wind field blowing from the NPPs to the nearest densely populated regions are examined. Finally, suggestions to improve evacuation plans are made.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.419-425
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• 2021

이 연구는 패스파인더 시뮬레이션 프로그램을 활용하여 고속도로 휴게소에서 화재 시 피난 통로의 개수와 방향에 따른 피난안전성을 분석하였다. 또한, 시설물의 출입구를 2중 문으로 설치했을 경우와 단일 문으로 설치했을 경우를 비교하여 RSET 차이를 분석하였다. 1개의 출입구만을 개방했을 경우는 피난가능시간을 모두 초과하였다. 피난대책의 일반적인 원칙인 두 방향 이상의 피난 통로를 확보하기 위해 2개 이상의 출입구를 개방하였을 경우는 피난가능시간 안에 모두 대피하는 결과를 얻었다. 두 방향 이상의 출입구를 개방할 경우에는 서로 동일방향이 아니어야 RSET가 짧아진다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 2중 문 보다는 단일 문으로 출입문을 설치했을 경우 RSET이 단축된다는 결과를 얻었다. 또한 이 연구를 통하여 고속도로 휴게소의 RSET를 단축시키기 위해 첫째, 두 방향 이상의 피난 통로를 상시 확보할 필요가 있으며, 둘째, 두 방향 이상의 피난 통로는 동일한 방향이 되지 않아야 한다는 것과 마지막으로, 2중 문보다는 단일 문으로 출입구를 설치해야 함을 제안하였다.

• 의료ㆍ복지 건축 : 한국의료복지건축학회 논문집
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.7-15
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• 2023

Purpose: This study was conducted with the aim of presenting spatial planning directions for evacuation spaces based on an analysis of the performance of horizontal evacuation during the early stages of fire incidents in a geriatric hospital. Methods: Based on a review of previous studies, the research model was designed by establishing occupancy conditions, evacuation, and fire scenarios. The analysis model was developed by considering vulnerable areas in terms of evacuation movement and analyzing the results of evacuation performance. Furthermore, the study analyzed the improvement in evacuation performance by arranging refuge areas. Results: The results of the study are as follows. Firstly, vulnerability spots were identified in terms of evacuation performance by schematizing Required Safe Egress Time, Available Safe Egress Time, and their differences. Secondly, the Required Safe Egress Time in the adjacent public spaces along the escape routes of occupants was found to be higher compared to the Available Safe Egress Time. Thirdly, the results of the correlation analysis between the difference in Available Safe Egress Time and Required Safe Egress Time during the early stages of a fire, as well as their constituent factors, demonstrated that user congestion is a more significant factor in compromising evacuation safety than the physical changes in the fire condition. Fourthly, the analysis of evacuation time was conducted by designating refuge areas where occupants can evacuate within a sufficient timeframe. This led to a decrease in the Required Safe Egress Time. Implications: This study is expected to be used as data on the direction of evacuation space planning to improve the evacuation performance of Geriatric Hospital.