• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.98-107
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• 2017

This study examined an effective way of measuring the evacuation performance in buildings, which are applied to a double skin facade through an evaluation of the escape safety. Buildings with a double skin facade appeared to have a faster combustion expansion speed for the upper floor if a fire occurs. Moreover, a double skin facade is more difficult to escape safely than a general building construction because of the limited design standards. Accordingly, this study suggested virtual modeling including single emergency stairs and alarm systems considering the risk in each structure of buildings. These results showed that box-type double skin, corridor access type, shaft-box type, and multistory facade systems showed a 26.4%, 29.1%, 23.4%, and 26.3% increase in evacuation performance, respectively, as well as securing the safety of occupants.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.97-102
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• 2020

In this study, one-way fluid structure interaction analysis was adapted to verify the durability of the outdoor evacuation stair structure operated in the event of a fire when wind pressure caused by a typhoon was applied. To this end, flow analysis was performed with the flow field around the structure of the evacuation stair in a steady state, and the durability was analyzed through structural analysis such as structural stress, deformation, and fatigue life using these analysis results by fluid data input data for structural analysis. As a result of flow numerical analysis, the air flow was different according to the shape of the evacuation stair structure, and this flow velocity distribution generated by the total pressure on the structure surface. Through the structural analysis results calculated by this total pressure, the safety factor calculated as the maximum stress value was found to be more than the safety factor, and durability was proven by fatigue life and deformation analysis.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.239-244
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• 2013

To increase the safety of onboard evacuation of guests who is unfamiliar with onboard living conditions, this study measured and compared the onboard walking speeds of 81 participants on a passenger ship, I t were found that the walking speeds at corridor on navigation were slower than those at berth by 27.2%, and the speeds of walking on the corner on navigation were slower than those at berth by 23.2%. This means that the ship motion on navigation directly influenced walking speeds. The walking speeds of upward-stairs and downward-stairs were measured to be 0.71m/s and 0.75m/s, respectively. From the crowd counter-flow experiments, because of the narrow space between participants, the walking speeds were decreased as person after person. And it was clear that the group's walking speeds were determined by the walking speeds of leading person(s) of the group. The walking speeds obtained this study were different from those of IMO guideline(MSC/Circ 1033).

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.52-58
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• 2020

The number of medical welfare facilities caring for the elderly with paralysis and dementia has been increasing rapidly because of the change in the way of supporting the elderly, stemming from an increase in the number of the elderly and working couples. These medical welfare facilities are usually installed all over the city and are gradually becoming high-rise. Few inmates are capable of making their own decisions in case of fire at night and when there are no escape routes such as ramps for evacuation, leading to massive casualties. This study aimed to identify problems in evacuation in the medical welfare facilities for the elderly in Goyang city. This city has the largest number of medical welfare facilities for the elderly per unit area. The following strategies could aid in better evacuation: secure ramps or bed escape elevators; the bedrooms of the inmates should have one-hour fire resistance; the stairs should have the structure of an enclosed stairway; the necessary apparatus for evacuation, such as an escape chute, should be installed; and, to conclude, a business agreement with neighboring agencies to help inmates escape during the fire. The state should implement necessary measures to protect the lives and property of the people. Rapid implementation of this proposal is necessary for the evacuation safety of an increasing number of medical welfare facilities for the elderly.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.53-61
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• 2016

This paper introduces 'EgresSIM', which is microscopic evacuation simulation software. EgresSIM developed in this paper is a three-dimensional (3D) pedestrian evacuation simulator based on the improved model advanced from the floor field model(FFM), a microscopic pedestrian model. This software can simulate large size buildings that consist of a number of floors, stairs, rooms, and exit doors. Moreover, this software can arrange several hundreds or thousands of pedestrians in indoor space and check their movements through the 3D viewer in real time, as well as produce detailed results about evacuation situations such as which paths are employed by individual pedestrians, how long does it takes to evacuate, and how many evacuees are gathered at each of the exit doors. Building data needed in the simulation are constructed as XML files according to pre-defined indoor data models and information of simulation results is also created as XML log files. A moving pattern of pedestrians can be represented in many ways by adjusting the sensitivity parameters of two walk models supported by EgresSIM. Thus, evacuation simulation can be done based on many assumptions of situations such as movement to the nearest exit door or blackout after outage.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.315-322
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• 2021

This study analyzes the Required Safe Egress Time (RSET), in the event of a fire at a welfare center for the disabled, using the emergency passage according to the floor arrangement of users to evaluate the safety and the difference in RSET for each emergency passage using the Pathfinder simulation program to suggest an efficient evacuation method. As a result of RSET, it was found that there is no problem in evacuation safety for the current state of the facility's personnel allocation by satisfying the standard RSET in case of fire, and evacuation can be completed safely by evacuating through stairs rather than using elevators if possible. It is necessary for employees to be provided sufficient education and training in advance so that they can evacuate effectively with the disabled in case of fire. This study gives significance in saving many precious lives and safely evacuate in case of fire as evacuation routes were secured through the design, construction and operation of facilities for the disabled and the RSET was shortened through regular evacuation practices. It is necessary to discuss the further RSET studies based on the automatic fire shutters open or not when a fire occurs at a specific location following the installation of automatic fire shutter at the entrance of each floor of the facilities.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.1-11
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• 2016

The floor field model (hereafter referred to as FFM) is a cellular automata (hereafter referred to as CA)-based walk model used to model pedestrian behavior. Existing studies on FFM conducted experiments with simple structures (that have one room or one obstacle in a room) or relatively complicated structures (that have many rooms). In order to apply the FFM to real buildings, it is necessary to have additional methodologies to process information about the number of rooms, floors, stairs, and exit doors. In particular, it is necessary to process exit doors during this procedure. Exit doors that are recognized by pedestrians are of many types such as exit doors in rooms, stairs connected to corridors, and exit doors in a building. When calculating the static floor field (hereafter referred to as SFF) in the FFM, information about exit doors is needed and simulation results will be different depending on how the SFF is calculated using an exit door among the above-mentioned exit doors. In this study, an XML-format building data model is proposed according to data structures required by the FFM. This study also defines a methodology to process a number of exit doors. Accordingly, this study developed a building data construction and evacuation simulator and simulation experiments were conducted with university campus building.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.153-162
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• 2020

In this research, a VR game was developed to experience the fire evacuation from a fired building, intending calm and fast reaction in urgent fire situations. The user should move out through the fire door, stairs and corridors toward exit door using the VIVE controllers. When the user can't proceed the path because of fire flame or smoke, he/she should turn back to find another path. A building of Hoseo university was modeled and tests were carried out by students with polls focused on the usability and the effectiveness of this VR game. The result has been analyzed to show their responses.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.9-16
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• 1988

This study is intended to suggest some ideal measures available in the course of construction from the viewpoint of an architect to reduce damage of human lives and Properties caused by fire accidents in buildings. For this study, 7 buildings burnt by conflaguration in Seoul during the years of 1985 and 1987 are picked up, and 105 withnesses, who were present in one of them at them at fire, are traced for personal interview and respones to the written questionaire about 5 main issues; their perceptional behaviour, their emotional state at that time, their reactions to avoid danger, their escape routes, and their usual awareness to prevent fire. Some desirable measures suggested here are ;making Provisions to install fire centers in large buildings and underground structures in the fire fighting law, and requlating to compose fire units appropriate to the quantity of combustibles inside, limit the length of a blind corridor, furnish balustrade, and limit the width of the landing of the stairs in building code and regulations. Such measures should be considered from the time of planning to construct a building, and some drill and education in fire prevention is demanded for the occupants of the buildings too.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.310-313
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• 2011

국내에서 고층건물의 제연시스템으로 급기가압 제연시스템이 일반적으로 사용되고 있는데, 기존의 급기가압 제연시스템의 설계방안과 같이 한개의 급기풍도를 통해 누설량과 보충량이 동시에 공급될 경우에는 부속실과 옥내간에 형성되는 차압이 설계기준에 미달하거나 과압이 될 가능성이 매우 높아져서 급기가압 제연시스템의 설치목적을 달성하지 못할 수 있다. 이에 대한 개선방안으로 본 연구에서는 누설량의 공급과 보충량의 공급을 각기 다른 유로를 통해 수행하는 방안 및 장치구성을 제시함으로서 고층건물에서 화재 발생시 안전한 피난환경을 제공하고자 한다.