• Title/Summary/Keyword: Euro

Search Result 542, Processing Time 0.035 seconds

Study on Low Pressure Loop EGR System for Heavy-duty Diesel Engine to Meet EURO-5 NOx Regulation (LPL EGR System 적용 대형 디젤엔진의 EURO-5 NOx 규제대응에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, K.S.;Baek, M.Y.;Park, H.B.
    • Journal of Power System Engineering
    • /
    • v.11 no.4
    • /
    • pp.12-17
    • /
    • 2007
  • Recently, many small and medium size diesel vehicles have been equipped with turbocharger and EGR system to get high performance and reduce $NO_x$ emissions but its application to heavy-duty diesel engine is not common yet. In this work, the simulation model for EURO-3 engine was developed using WAVE and then its performance and emission level were verified by comparing with experimental results. The possibility of current EURO-3 engine equipped with LPL EGR system which would be satisfied the EURO-5 regulation are examined. ESC 13 mode was chosen as the primary engine test mode, and the injection timing and fuel quantity were changed to compensate the lost engine performance caused by EGR. The system developed in this study shows that the current EURO-3 engine could satisfy EURO-5 $NO_x$ regulation by applying LPL EGR.

  • PDF

Declining Japanese Yen in the Changing International Monetary System

  • Ogaw, Eiji;Muto, Makoto
    • East Asian Economic Review
    • /
    • v.21 no.4
    • /
    • pp.317-342
    • /
    • 2017
  • The US dollar has kept as a position of key currency in the global economy in the changing international monetary system where the euro was introduced to some states of the EU in 1999. It is an evidence of inertia of the US dollar as a key currency. Our previous study (Ogawa and Muto, 2017b) conducted empirical analysis to investigate effects of several events on inertia of the US dollar. One of our findings was that the introduction of the euro increased utility of euro while utility of US dollar was kept unchanged. This paper examines the effects of the global financial crisis and the euro zone crisis as well as the introduction of the euro on the utility of the Japanese yen. The introduction of the euro significantly decreased the utility of the Japanese yen. It indicates that the introduction of the euro increased the utility of the euro while reducing the utility of the Japanese yen rather than the utility of the US dollar. The utility of the Japanese yen has significantly decreased while the global financial crisis and the euro zone crisis occurred. The Japanese yen has a declining trend in terms of its utility over time in the changing international monetary system.

Effect of Changing the Side Impact Dummy from EuroSID-1 to EuroSID-2 in the KNCAP Side Impact Evaluation (EuroSID-1에서 EuroSID-2로의 인체모형 변경이 KNCAP 측면충돌안전성 평가에 미치는 영향 연구)

  • Lim, Jae-Moon;Jung, Geun-Seup
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
    • /
    • v.15 no.5
    • /
    • pp.125-132
    • /
    • 2007
  • In order to provide consumers with safety informations of vehicles according to the Korean New Car Assessment Program(KNCAP), the evaluation results and the star ratings of 21 vehicles for the side impact tests have been reported since 2003. Now, the KNCAP considers changing the side impact dummy from EuroSID-1 to EuroSID-2 near future. The rib deflection of EuroSID-2 is 20-30% higher than that of EuroSID-1 because of the removal of "Flat Tops" effect. In this study, the effect of changing the side impact dummy from EuroSID-1 to EuroSID-2 in the KNCAP side impact evaluation is estimated through the previous KNCAP evaluation results. The results show that the decrease of the star ratings would be one star($\bigstar$) approximately.

A Study on the Analysis of Emission Characteristics for Light-duty Diesel Vehicle According to the Severity of the Test Route (주행 경로의 가혹도에 따른 소형 경유 자동차의 배출 특성 분석에 관한 연구)

  • Sangki Oh;Youngjae Jeon;Junepyo Cha
    • Journal of ILASS-Korea
    • /
    • v.29 no.1
    • /
    • pp.16-22
    • /
    • 2024
  • The EU (European Union) was introduced Euro-6e in 2023. Recently, the EU prepare to introduce Euro-7. One of difference Euro-6e and Euro-7 is test route condition. This study developed 5 test routes that have different characteristics and severity. The severity of test routes was made by traffic and road gradient. And this study was conducted RDE test on 5 test routes for Light-Duty diesel vehicle (Euro-6d). Based on the test results, the emission characteristics of CO2 and NOx were analyzed according to the severity of the test routes. Especially, 4 test routes were satisfied normal driving condition of Euro-7 and other test route was satisfied extended driving condition of Euro-7.

Numerical Study on Strategy of Applying Low Pressure Loop EGR for a Heavy Duty Diesel Engine to Meet EURO-4 Regulation (저압라인 EGR을 적용한 대형 디젤엔진의 EURO-4 규제 대응 전략에 관한 수치적 연구)

  • Ha Changhyun;Lee Seungjae;Lee Kyoseung;Chun Kwangmin
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
    • /
    • v.14 no.1
    • /
    • pp.115-122
    • /
    • 2006
  • EGR system has been widely used to reduce NOx emission in light duty diesel engines, but its application to heavy duty diesel engine is not common yet. In this study, simulation model for EURO-3 engine was developed using commercial code WAVE and then verified by comparison with experimental results in performance and emission. Possibility to meet EURO-4 regulation using modified EURO-3 engine with LPL EGR system was studied. Each components of the engine was modeled using CATIA and WaveMesher. The engine test mode was ESC 13 and injection timing and quantity were changed to compensate engine performances, because applying EGR causes power reduction. As a results of the simulation, it was found that EURO-4 NOx regulation could be achieved by applying LPL EGR system to current EURO-3 engine even with some BSFC deterioration.

An Exponential GARCH Approach to the Effect of Impulsiveness of Euro on Indian Stock Market

  • Sahadudheen, I
    • The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
    • /
    • v.2 no.3
    • /
    • pp.17-22
    • /
    • 2015
  • This paper examines the effect of impulsiveness of euro on Indian stock market. In order to examine the problem, we select rupee-euro exchange rates and S&P CNX NIFTY and BSE30 SENSEX to represent stock price. We select euro as it considered as second most widely used currency at the international level after dollar. The data are collected a daily basis over a period of 3-Apr-2007 to 30-Mar-2012. The statistical and time series properties of each and every variable have examined using the conventional unit root such as ADF and PP test. Adopting a generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) and exponential GARCH (EGARCH) model, the study suggests a negative relationship between exchange rate and stock prices in India. Even though India is a major trade partner of European Union, the study couldn't find any significant statistical effect of fluctuations in Euro-rupee exchange rates on stock prices. The study also reveals that shocks to exchange rate have symmetric effect on stock prices and exchange rate fluctuations have permanent effects on stock price volatility in India.

An Export and Import Effect Analysis among the Eurozone Members of Using the Euro (EU 내 단일통화(Euro) 사용이 회원국들 간 수출.입에 미치는 효과 분석)

  • Kang, Bo-Kyung;Choi, Young-Doo
    • International Commerce and Information Review
    • /
    • v.14 no.3
    • /
    • pp.31-47
    • /
    • 2012
  • The Eurozone was launched to set a goal on using the single currency perfectly in 1999. Using the Euro could get rid of exchange cost and cost of Foreign exchange risk management which was approximately 1% of each member's GDP. It was possible that members has maintained a stable level of inflation and stimulate investment and employment with low interest rate. In addition, they could lead to economic growth and investment as well as increase the Euro demand in financial market. Especially, members has used the Euro as the method of payment on trade each other so that the volume of trade among the Eurozone members has increased continuously which was called "the effect of single market." This paper analyzes the correlation between using the Euro and members' export/import by using random effect estimation and fixed effect estimation. As a result, Eurozone members can get export decreasing effect of 4.68% and import increasing effect of 10.5% respectively on average by using the Euro.

  • PDF

A Trade Effect Analysis of the Introducing the Euro in the Members of the Eurozone (유로존 국가들의 유로화 도입으로 인한 무역효과 분석)

  • Kang, Bo-Kyung
    • International Area Studies Review
    • /
    • v.14 no.1
    • /
    • pp.203-219
    • /
    • 2010
  • Nowadays an instability of the exchange rate on accounts of global finance crisis brings on a lot of an economic damage such as recession, decreasing of total trade and so on. However some countries which belong to be membership of the eurozone could escape economic slump shortly and easier than others. The reason for this is that they share with the Euro as a their own currency which is the second vehicle currency all of the world. This paper analyzes the correlation of joining the Euro zone and trade with pooled OLS, random effect estimation, and fixed effect estimation. A membership of the Euro zone are able to increase trade 11.3% ~ 25.3% one another on average since some country belongs to the Euro zone. It is very important for some countries which have a plan to affiliate the Euro zone sooner or later to realize economic effect because of a protection of the Euro zone as well as political power.

Performance Evaluation Monitoring System of EURO5 Type Valve for Overflow (EURO5형 오버플로어 밸브 성능평가 모니터링 시스템 구현)

  • Yoon, Dal-Hwan
    • Journal of IKEEE
    • /
    • v.17 no.1
    • /
    • pp.57-62
    • /
    • 2013
  • In this paper, we have implemented an overflow valve for EURO5 Type and the performance evaluation system based on IEEE802 protocol. On injecting a diesel oil into an engine, it is necessity for an overflow valve that can sustain an engine oil status in front of the engine. In order to evaluate the performance of overflow valve, we need the leak test system with IT. The leak test system checks the pressure, switching time and operating time.

Efficiency Analysis of Euro-Form and Aluminum-form (유로폼과 알루미늄폼의 효율성 분석)

  • Kim, Jin-Won;Yoo, Seung-Kyu;Kim, Jae-Jun
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
    • /
    • 2010.05a
    • /
    • pp.41-44
    • /
    • 2010
  • Presently, the apartment house is being constructed by the very various methods. Among them, the formwork having the process rate of 60~70% of the whole construction work is most important. So this study was analyzed comparing euro-form with aluminium-form in the formwork. A case study is using euro-form and aluminum-form in the framework, inquiry into a similar case construction site of below the 20 floor. Then this case analyzed efficiency; construction period, construction cost, workability. Consequently, the aluminum-form is more effective than the euro-form in the construction site of below the 20 floor.

  • PDF