• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.84-87
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• 2016

Tarsal tunnel syndrome is an entrapment neuropathy of the posterior tibial nerve or its branches in the fibro-osseous tunnel beneath the flexor retinaculum. This pathology is associated with multiple etiologies, including trauma, space-occupying lesions, and impaired biomechanics. We report a case of tarsal tunnel syndrome associated with gout tophi in a patient with untreated gout along with a review of the relevant literature on tarsal tunnel syndrome.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.171-177
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• 2017

Amniotic constriction band is a rare clinical entity with varied manifestations that range from a combination of congenital malformations to isolated malformations that are unique to each patient. The etiology of this entity remains unknown. Herein, we highlight two cases of amniotic constriction band that presented to our unit with unique clinical characteristics. To the best of our knowledge, an isolated circumferential band of scarring on the face with ocular involvement, as demonstrated by the first case, and a combination of bilateral complete cleft lip and palate with bilateral microphthalmia, auto-amputation of the right thumb, and a constriction band on the left thumb, as demonstrated by the second case, are extremely rare presentations of amniotic constriction band that were not previously reported in the literature and therefore necessitate a special mention. We discuss potential etiologies for these cases and review the existing literature on this entity.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.361-368
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• 1997

A total of 55 patients with various etiologies of infertility particitated in a study comparing two regimens of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) with GnRH agonists and gonadotropins. Nineteen patients were given an ultra-short stimulation protocol when the agonist was administered for 3 day from Day 2 of the cycle. The remaining 36 patients were given a long stimulation protocol when the agonist was administered from the mid-luteal phase of the cycle preceding the stimulation cycle. The mean number of gonadotropins used per patient was not different between two groups. No significant differences were found in the mean number of oocytes recovered, fertilization rate and embryo cleavage rate between two groups. Pregnancy and delivery rates were higher in ultra-short protocol than in long protocol, but these were not significant. These results suggest that an ultra-short protocol is as effective as a long protocol in in-vitro fertilization and embryo transfer.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제70권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2011

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a major cause of morbidity, of mortality, and of expenditure of medical resources. The etiology and antimicrobial susceptibility of CAP pathogens can differ by country. Treatment guidelines need to reflect the needs of individual countries based on pathogen susceptibility studies. Recent treatment guidelines for CAP in Korea were published by the Joint Committee of the Korean Academy of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases, the Korean Society for Chemotherapy, and the Korean Society of Infectious Diseases. In this article, the etiologies, diagnoses, treatments for CAP will be reviewed and compared to the recent published Korean guidelines for CAP treatment.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.87-92
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• 2014

Acquired adult flatfoot is a deformity characterized by a decreased medial longitudinal arch and a hindfoot valgus with or without forefoot abduction. The etiologies of this deformity include posterior tibial tendon dysfunction, rheumatoid arthritis, trauma, Charcot's joint, neurologic deficit, and damage to the medial spring ligament complex or plantar fascia. Among these, posterior tibial tendon dysfunction is the most well-known cause. Although posterior tibial tendon dysfunction has been regarded as a synonym of acquired adult acquired flatfoot, failure of the ligaments supporting the arch can also result in progressive deformity even without a posterior tibial tendon problem. The authors describe the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and nonoperative treatment of acquired adult flatfoot, focusing on posterior tibial tendon dysfunction.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.731-738
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• 1989

The development of chylothorax and chylopericardium are serious and often life-threatening clinical entity. The ideal treatment of these problems is not well established to date. We reviewed our experiences with chylothorax or chylopericardium in 16 patients [17 cases] from July 1979 to May 1989. Ages ranged from 20 days to 41 years. The etiologies were traumatic in 10, congenital or idiopathic in 5, and tuberculous lymphadenopathy in one. In 8 patients, the chylothorax or chylopericardium occurred as a complication of cardiothoracic surgery. Eleven patients were treated nonoperatively with either repeated thoracenteses or chest tube drainage. Five patients underwent operative treatment: transthoracic thoracic duct ligation [three patients], thoracic duct ligation combined with decortication [one], and oversewn the defect of mediastinal pleura[one]. Duration of preoperative therapy ranged from 18 to 38 days. One of eleven [9.1 %] patients treated nonoperatively died. Of the surgically treated group, there were no deaths. All patients except one dead cured or improved either treated nonoperatively or operatively. Our experience suggests that surgical management of the chylothorax or chylopericardium is not always required, and each patient must be judged individually according to disease process.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2016

Cholestasis results from impairment in the excretion of bile, which may be due to mechanical obstruction of bile flow or impairment of excretion of bile components into the bile canaliculus. When present, cholestasis warrants prompt diagnosis and treatment. The differential diagnosis of cholestasis beyond the neonatal period is broad and includes congenital and acquired etiologies. It is imperative that the clinician differentiates between intrahepatic and extrahepatic origin of cholestasis. Treatment may be supportive or curative and depends on the etiology. Recent literature shows that optimal nutritional and medical support also plays an integral role in the management of pediatric patients with chronic cholestasis. This review will provide a broad overview of the pathophysiology, diagnostic approach, and management of cholestasis beyond the neonatal and infancy periods.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.159-163
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• 2016

Orofacial pain is a common complaint of patients that causes distress and compromises the quality of life. It has many etiologies including trauma, interventional procedures, nerve injury, varicella-zoster (shingles), tumor, and vascular and idiopathic factors. It has been demonstrated that the sympathetic nervous system is usually involved in various orofacial pain disorders such as postherpetic neuralgia, complex regional pain syndromes, and atypical facial pain. The stellate sympathetic ganglion innervates the head, neck, and upper extremity. In this review article, the effect of stellate ganglion block and its mechanism of action in orofacial pain disorders are discussed.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제62권3호
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• pp.321-327
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• 2019

Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) is the major cause of intractable focal epilepsy in childhood leading to epilepsy surgery. The overall seizure freedom after surgery ranges between 50-75% at 2 years after surgery and the long-term seizure freedom remain relatively stable. Seizure outcome after surgery depends on a various factors such as pathologic etiologies, extent of lesion, and types of surgery. Therefore, seizure outcome after surgery for FCD should be analyzed carefully considering cohorts' characteristics. Studies of pediatric epilepsy surgery emphasize the early surgical intervention for a better cognition. Early surgical intervention and cessation of seizure activity are important for children with intractable epilepsy. However, there are limited data on the cognitive outcome after surgery in pediatric FCD, requiring further investigation. This paper reviews the seizure and cognitive outcomes of epilepsy surgery for FCD in children. Several prognostic factors influencing seizure outcome after surgery will be discussed in detail.

• The Korean journal of internal medicine
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.1058-1069
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• 2018

Neuropathic cancer pain (NCP) is caused by nerve damage attributable to the cancer per se, and/or treatments including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery; the prevalence is reported to be as high as 40%. The etiologies of NCP include direct nerve invasion or nerve compression by the cancer, neural toxicity, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. NCP is subdivided into plexopathy, radiculopathy, and peripheral neuropathies, among several other categories. The clinical characteristics of NCP differ from those of nociceptive pain in terms of both the hypersensitivity symptoms (burning, tingling, and an electrical sensation) and the hyposensitivity symptoms (numbness and muscle weakness). Recovery requires several months to years, even after recovery from injury. Management is complex; NCP does not usually respond to opioids, although treatments may feature both opioids and adjuvant drugs including antidepressants, anticonvulsants, and anti-arrhythmic agents, all of which improve the quality-of-life. This review addresses the pathophysiology, clinical characteristics and management of NCP, and factors rendering pain control difficult.