• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.575-595
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• 1997

Replacement resorption is followed by the delayed replantation of an avulsed tooth. Currently no effective treatment is substantiated for replacement resorption. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of stannous fluoride, bisphosphonate (etidronate disodium) and gallium nitrate, which have been shown to reduce dentin resorption, on human dentin. Osteoclasts were collected from tibeas of chick embryo. The cells were well agitated to prevent adhesion and seeded onto the sliced human dentin wafers which had been soaked in either culture media (control), or several different concentrations of stannous fluoride, etidronate disodium (l-hydroxyethylidene -1,1-bisphosphonate disodium), and gallium nitrate. Resorption was measured by counting the number of resorptive pit produced by the cells. Results are as follows. Stannous fluoride and etidronate disodium showed statistically significant reduction of dentin resorption(p<0.05) but the effect of stannous fluoride seemed to be its high cytotoxicity. Etidronate disodium did not show cytotoxicities in all experimented concentrations. Gallium nitrate did not show differences in resorption either between different concentrations or from the control group.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.77-96
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• 1991

Many studies has been conducted concerning prevention of unnecessary complications such as root resorption during orthodontic too th movement under various mechanical forces. Nowadays, the cause of the root resorption is not thought to be confined only to mechanical forces. But the factor that affects bone metabolism are thought to be major one of the predisposing factors. The light microscope and scanning electron microscope were used to the effects of 60 gm, and 100 gm of tipping force on root resorption of cats, which were treated with Etidronate disodium. The results were as follows: 1. In the 60gm control group, hyalinization on the compression site of periodontal ligament appeared after first week and second week. In the 60gm experimental group, it appeared after first week with low frequency. In the 100gm control group it appeared with high frequency by first and second week while in 100gm experimental group, it appeared with low frequency. 2 In the 100gm control group, resorption of the cementum and the alveolar bone rapidly increased after second week. In the 60gm experimental group, resorption or formation of alveolar bone and cementum didn't appear all through the experimental period. 3. In the 100gm control group, formation of cementum and alveolar bone appeared after first week while in the 100gm experimental group, formation of cementum and alveolar bone appeared after second week and fourth week respectively. In the 60gm control group, formation of the cementum didn't appear all through the experimental period. 4. In the control group, the root resolution of 100gm group was higher than that of 60gm group after second week, while in experimental group, root resorption didn't appear regardless of the forces.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.338-358
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• 2000

The effect of bench drying or removal of the periodontal ligament with NaOCl upon periodontal healing and root resorption after replantation of molars was studied in rats. A total of 40 Sprague-Dawley female rats were used and fed a powdered purina rat chow diet containing 0.4% beta-aminoproprionitrile. The maxillary first molars were extracted and the periodontal ligaments were removed either by bench drying for 15 minutes or by immersion in 2.5% NaOCl solution. The rats were sacrificed at 5, 10, and 21 days by heart infusion. In order to observe the effect of 0.5% stannous fluoride, $10^{-4}M$, $10^{-2}M$, and 1M etidronate disodium on the early stage of periodontal healing, the periodontal ligament was removed with 2.5% NaOCl followed by immersion of the molar in the respective solutions for 5 minutes. The rats were sacrificed after 10 days and the following results were obtained. 1. The removal of the periodontal ligament with 2.5% NaOCl seemed to be more effective than bench drying, since the resorption area in the NaOCl treated group showed a gradual increase whereas a decline in resorption area from 5 days to 21 days was observed in the bench dried group. 2. The application of 0.5% stannous fluoride seemed to enhance the periodontal ligament attachment and active migration of fibroblasts could be observed. 3. The application of $10^{-4}M$, $10^{-2}M$, and 1M etidronate disodium led to a good periodontal ligament attachment. No evident areas of root resorption were found. 4. The use of ${\beta}$-APN made it possible to extract the maxillary first molar with all five roots intact.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.179-193
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• 2001

previous studies have demonstrated an increase in bone mass and density with use of bisphosphonate in osteoporosis. This agent acts as an inhibitor of osteoclastic activity and results in increase of net osteoblastic activity. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of the bisphosphonate on osteoblastic activity of the human periodontal ligament cells in vitro. Periodontal ligament cells were primarily obtained from extracted healthy third molars. Cells of 4th to 6th passage were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium containing alendronate sodium or etidronate disodium at the concentration of $10^{-12}{\sim}10^{-6}mol/L$ in 5% $Co_2$ incubator at $37^{\circ}C$. Cell count and MTT assay for cellular activity were done at 2 to 7 days of culture. Alkaline phosphatase activity at 4 to 7 days of culture and formation of mineralized nodules at 28 days of culture with addition of $50{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ ascorbic acid, 10 nM${\beta}-glycerophosphate$, $10^{-7}M$ dexamethasone were evaluated. 1. Alendronate sodium Compared to the control, the proliferation of periodontal ligament cells was generally increased and the cellular activity was maintained at 2 days of culture and generally decreased at 7 days of culture. Alkaline phosphatase activity of periodontal ligament cells was inceased and the formation of mineralized nodules by periodontal ligament cells was enhanced compared to the control. 2. Etidronate disodium The proliferation of periodontal ligament cells was increased at 2 days of culture and decreased or maintained at 7 days of culture. Compared to the control, the cellular activity of periodontal ligament cells was generally decreased. Alkaline phosphatase activity of peridontal ligament cells was increased and the formation of mineralized nodules by periodontal ligament cells was enhanced compared to the control. These results suggest that alendronate sodium and etidronate disodium may have a potential effect on osteoblastic lineage of periodontal ligament cells, distinct from their inhibitory action on osteoclasts and could contribute to enhance periodontal regeneration and alveolar bone regeneration.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.43-48
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• 2005

We report the case of a heterotopic ossification in the subscapularis muscle. A 30-year-old woman was diagnosed as a heterotopic ossification in the right subscapularis muscle. X-rays, a CT scan and a MRI showed bone-like lesions in the muscle. The location of the ossification was both inferior and anterior to the joint. The mass nearly bridged between the proximal humerus and the inferior portion of the coracoid process. Symptoms did not respond to rest, NSAIDs for 3 months and to stretching exercises treatment for 6 months. Excision and biopsy was performed through deltopectoral approach. Disodium Etidronate was administered during the postoperative period. She regained normal range of motion postoperatively and improved in the shoulder pain after performing strengthening exercises with Therabands. We think that a cause of limitation of the shoulder was impingement between the mass and the coracoid process, and that another cause was adhesion between the mass and the joint capsule. We conclude that excision and postoperative rehabilitation exercises are good methods for a heterotopic ossification in the subscapularis muscle for those that are nonresponsive to nonoperative treatments.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.95-106
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• 1999

백서에서 실험적 치아 이동시 bisphosphonate가 파골세포의 형성에 미치는 영향과 골 흡수 억제기전을 규명하고 독성유무를 알아보고자 하였다. 체중 260-350g의 웅성 백서 87마리를 정상군(장치비장착 + $0.9\%$ NaCl), 대조군(장치장착 + $0.9\%$ NaCl) 및 장치장착후 bisphosphonate 투여군(0.8 mg, 4 mg, 20 mg, 및 100 mg/kg) 으로 분류하였다. 상악 좌측 제1대구치를 근심으로 치아이동이 일어나도록 50-70g의 교정력을 가하고, 교정장치 장착후 1일, 3일 및 7일째에 혈청 acid phosphatase와 lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)의 활성도를 측정하고, 또한 제1 대구치를 포함한 상악골 일부에서 파골세포수 및 골흡수 정도를 조직학적으로 관찰하여 다음과 같은 성적을 얻었다. 1. Acid phosphatase 활성도는 장치후 1일째와 3일째에 대조군과 bisphosphonate 투여군에서 모두 정상군에 비해 2-3배 높았으나, 7일째에는 정상군과 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 2. LDH활성도는 bisphosphonate 4 mg과 20 mg/kg 투여군에서 전 실험기간에 걸쳐 증가된 양상을 보였으나 0.8 mg과 100 mg/kg 투여군에서는 유의한 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 3. 골흡수는 장치후 1일째에 대조군과 bisphosphonate투여군에서 모두 관찰되지 않았으나, 3일 이후에 나타나 7일째까지 지속되었다. Bisphosphonate 4, 20 및 100 mg/kg군에서의 골흡수정도는 3일째에는 대조군에 비해 미약하였으나 7일째에는 대조군과 유사하게 나타났다. 4. 파골세포는 1일째에 대조군이나 bisphosphonate투여군 모두에서 거의 관찰할 수 없었다. 3일째에 대조군에서는 파골세포가 다량 출현하였으나 bisphosphonate 투여군에서는 약물의 용량이 증가함에 따라 감소하여 나타났다. 이상의 결과로 실험적 치아이동시 파골세포의 형성억제가 bisphosphonate에 의한 골흡수 억제기전이 아님을 알 수 있었고, bisphosphonate는 투여량이 증가에 따른 뚜렷한 세포독성은 관찰되지 않았으며, 골흡수 억제효과를 지속시키기 위해서는 약물이 반복적으로 투여되어야 할 필요가 있음이 시사되었다.