• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.624-633
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• 2014

This study separated the crude extract (70% ethanol) of and its three fractions (hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts) on the basis of polarity indexes, and examined for their insecticidal activities against aphid (Uroleucon lactucicola). For crude extraction, the 70% ethanol extract showed the best extract yield (58.0%) and insecticidal activity (69.0%) among the various concentrations tested (water, 30% ethanol, 50% ethanol, 70% ethanol and 95% ethanol). The major chemical compounds of different fractions (hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts) were identified as eugenol by head space-GC-MS analysis. The hexane extract showed the highest eugenol content (43.7%) and insecticidal activity (80.0%). The insecticidal activity is accordingly believed to be attributable to the eugenol component. This may provide a useful starting point for the development of bio-pesticides.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.100-106
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• 1999

Use of chemical preservative for controlling harmful microorganisms in food products has been debated due to public concerns about food quality because of perceived toxic and carcinogenic potential. Thus, use of non toxic natural antimicrobial agents has become essential. This study was investigated to determine the antimicrobial activity of water or ethanol extract of commercially available tea, and of solvent fractionated ethanol extracts obtained from steamed green tea. Both of water and ethanol extracts of green tea(steamed or roasted), oolong tea and black tea exhibited strong antimicrobial activity against gram positive and negative bacteria, but not effective against yeast and mold. Also, antimicrobial activity of ethanol extract of 4 different kinds of tea was stronger than that of water extract. Among 4 different tea, ethanol extract of steamed green tea was further fractionated. One thousand g/disk buthanol extract had the strongest antimicrobial activity against bacteria and mold. The concentration of the antimicrobial activity of buthanol extract in tested microorganisms ranged from 125~1000 g/disk except for Rhizopus javanicus. Antimicrobial activity of buthanol extract of steamed green tea was not destroyed by heating at 100oC for 60 min and at 121oC for 15 min, which is very stable over heat treatment. The inhibitory effect of the buthanol extract on the growth of Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus was investigated. Growth of both strains was started in the presence of 250 and 500 g/ml after 12 and 24 hour respectively, whereas complete inactivation of both strains was occurred in the presence of 1000 g/ml.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.625-632
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• 2009

This study determined the effects of added buckwheat extract on the rate of corn starch hydrolysis in vitro as well as blood glucose responses through its supplementation in healthy subjects. The rate of corn starch hydrolysis in the presence or absence of various buckwheat extracts was determined in an in vitro enzyme/dialysis system for 2 hr. The buckwheat was extracted by water, ethanol(40%, 70%, 100%) and methanol(40%, 70%, 100%), respectively. Twenty percent(w/w) additions of the ethanol, methanol and water buckwheat extract to corn starch solution significantly reduced the starch hydrolysis at every minute for 2 hr(p<0.05). The calculated hydrolysis indices of the buckwheat extracts were in the order of 100% ethanol extract(50), 100% methanol(54), 40% ethanol(58), 40% methanol(62), 70% methanol(64), 70% ethanol(68), water (82). For the blood glucose response study, groups of 12 volunteers were given 50 g of boiled rice with or without buckwheat extract(10% and 20% of starch weight) using the 100%, 70%, and 40% ethanol extracts, respectively. The addition of each buckwheat ethanol extract significantly reduced blood glucose concentrations at three or more points during 2 hr and also reduced the mean peak rise and area under the blood glucose curve(p<0.05). The calculated glycemic index(GI) values for all ethanol buckwheat extract groups were significantly decreased compared to the control(rice). At the concentrations of 20%, the buckwheat 100% ethanol extracts lowered the GI by 68%. The 100% ethanol extract was more effective than the 70% and 40% extracts for reducing GI. Therefore, the 100% ethanol buckwheat extract would be the most therapeutically useful in modifying postprandial hyperglycemia.

• 공업화학
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.419-424
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• 2018

무기탄소원으로부터 에탄올을 생산하는 acetogenic 박테리아인 Clostridium ljungdahlii 발효공정에서 배양 배지 조성에 따른 영향을 분석하여 균주 성장과 에탄올 생산 향상을 시도하였다. 균주 성장 및 에탄올 생산에 영향을 줄 수 있는 배지 구성성분으로 yeast extract, fructose, $NH_4Cl$, $K_2HPO_4$를 선정하였다. Yeast extract 농도가 증가할수록 균주 성장과 에탄올 생산이 증가하였으며 에탄올 비생산성은 yeast extract 기본 배지 농도보다 낮은 0.05 g/L에서 가장 높았다. Fructose 농도가 증가할수록 균주 성장은 증가하였지만 5 g/L을 초과하는 fructose 투입은 에탄올 생산을 감소시켰다. Yeast extract 5 g/L인 조건에서 fructose 5 g/L와 넣었을 때 에탄올 생산농도가 0.297 g/L로 가장 높았으나, fructose를 넣지 않았을 때 매우 낮은 균주 농도로 인해 에탄올 비생산성은 0.281 g/g DCW로 높았다. $NH_4Cl$은 균주 성장이나 에탄올 생산은 큰 차이를 보이지 않았으며 30 g/L 이상 과다 투입하면 성장저해가 나타났다. $K_2HPO_4$에 대해서는 농도가 증가할수록 균주 성장과 에탄올 생산이 모두 증가하였다. $NH_4Cl$과 $K_2HPO_4$를 사용한 경우 에탄올 비생산성은 yeast extract를 적게 사용한 경우 크게 나타났다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.23-31
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 전처리 조건(음건, 숙성, 덖음)과 추출 용매 중 에탄올의 혼합비율(30, 50, 70, 90%)에 따른 섬애약쑥 추출물의 이화학적 특성과 항산화 활성을 비교하여, 최적의 전처리 조건 및 추출용매를 확인하고자 하였다. 추출물의 수율은 음건쑥추출물에 비해 숙성쑥과 덖음쑥 추출물이 더 높았고, 에탄올 농도에 따른 경향은 확인되지 않았다. 색도는 L, a, b값 모두 음건쑥 추출물에서 가장 높았고 열처리 시간이 가장 길었던 숙성쑥 추출물에서 유의적으로 낮았다. 가용성 고형분 함량은 덖음쑥, 숙성쑥, 건조쑥 순으로 높고 에탄올의 비율이 증가할수록 그 함량 또한 증가하였다. 총 페놀, jaceosidin, eupatilin 및 총 플라보노이드 함량 또한 덖음쑥, 숙성쑥, 건조쑥 순으로 높았으며, 전반적으로 50%와 70% 에탄올 추출물이 30%와 95% 에탄올 추출물에 비해 유의적으로 높은 함량이었다. DPPH radical 소거 활성과 ABTS 라디칼 소거활성은 덖음쑥 추출물이 음건쑥과 숙성쑥 추출물에 비해 높았는데, DPPH radical 소거 활성은 덖음쑥 70% 에탄올 추출물이 77.71%로 유의하게 가장 높았으며, ABTS radical 소거 활성은 덖음쑥 30%, 50% 및 70% 에탄올 추출물이 96% 이상의 높은 활성을 나타내었다. 이상의 결과로부터 섬애약쑥은 음건한 것을 덖음 처리를 한 후 50%~70% 에탄올로 추출할 때 유효성분의 함량과 라디칼 소거활성이 높음을 확인하였다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.581-587
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• 1996

물쑥추출물이 에탄올에 의한 횐쥐의 간손상에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 정상군, 물쑥추출물 투여군, 에탄을 투여군 및 에탄올과 물쑥추출물 병합투여군으로 나누어 6주간 사육하여 식이 섭취량, 체중 및 간장의 무게, 혈청 중의 AST, ALT 및 ALP 활성, 간장 중의 TBA반응성 산물량, SOD, catalase, GSH-PX 및 xanthine oxidase의 활성 및 GSH의 함량에 미치는 영향을 관찰하였다 : 1) 에탄올 섭취군이 정상군 보다 체중 및 식이 섭취량이 유의적으로 감소되었다. 2) 물쑥추출물은 에탄올 투여로 증가된 휜쥐의 혈청 중 AST ALT의 활성을 에탄올 투여군에 비하여 유의성있는 감소 효과를 나타냈다(p<0.05). 또한 물쑥추출물은 증가된 간 TBA-반응성 물질 함량을 유의성있게 감소시켰다(p<0.05). 3) 물쑥추출물은 유리기 생성계의 효소인 xanthine oxidase 활성을 에탄올 투여군에 비하여 약 25% 정도 현저하게 감소시켰다(p<0.05). 그러나 유리기 해독계 요소인 SOD, catalase 및 GSH-PX 활성에 대해서는 약간의 변화는 있었으나 유의한 변화를 나타내지 않았다. 4) 물쑥추출물은 에탄을 투여로 감소된 간 GSH함량을 에탄올 투여군에 비하여 유의하게 증가시켰다. 이상의 실험 결과와 문헌상의 지견을 종합하여 볼 때 에탄올 투여로 증가된 간 지질과산화물 생성계 효소인 xanthine oxidase활성억제와 비효소적 항산화작용을 나타내는 GSH 함량을 증가시킴으로서 산화물에 대한 방어력이 증강되어 나타난 결과로 여겨지며, 또한 혈청 중의 AST, ALT및 ALP효소 활성을 유의성있게 감소시켰음은 물쑥추출물이 에탄올에 의한 간세포손상에 대한 방지 작용이 있는 것으로 사료된다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.199-203
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• 2007

Dental caries is a major worldwide oral disease problem. Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) plays an important role in the information of dental plaque and it is being noticed as major causative bacteria of dental caries. Therefore, the development of more effective, substantial and safe preventive agents against dental caries is strongly required. In the present study, inhibitory effects of the ethanol extract of the husk of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) on the growth, acid production, adhesion and water-insoluble glucan synthesis of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) were examined. The ethanol extract of pomegranate husk (250 - 4000 ${\mu}$g/ml) significantly lowered the growth of S. mutans in a dose dependent manner. The acid production of S. mutans were inhibited by the presence of ethanol extract of pomegranate husk (500 - 4000 ${\mu}$g/ml) significantly. The ethanol extract of pomegranate husk (5000 - 4000 ${\mu}$g/ml) also significantly lowered the adherence of S. mutans. In water-insoluble glucan synthesis assay, 1000 - 4000 ${\mu}$g/ml of the ethanol extract of pomegranate husk significantly inhibited the formation of water-insoluble glucan. These results suggest that pomegranate husk may inhibit the caries-inducing properties of S. mutans. Further studies are necessary to clarify the active constituents of pomegranate husk responsible for such biomolecular activities.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.1364-1368
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• 1999

This study was carried out to investigate the inhibiton effects of Coprinus comatus ethanol extract of edible mushroom on liver damage in benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P) treated mice. The activities of serum aminotransferase, cytochrome P 450 and hepatic content of lipid peroxide after B(a)P treatment were increased than those of control, but those levels were significantly decreased by the treatment of Coprinus comatus ethanol extract. Whereas, the hepatic glutathione content and glutathione S transferase activity were decreased by B(a)P treatment than those of control, but those were increased by the treatment of Coprinus comatus ethanol extract. Also the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase after B(a)P treatment were markedly increased than those of control, but those levels were decreased by the treatment of Coprinus comatus ethanol extract. These results suggest that Coprinus comatus ethanol extract have a protective effect on liver damage by benzo(a)pyrene through the mechanisms of decreasing lipid peroxide and activities of free radical generating enzymes.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.443-450
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• 2011

The effects of dietary supplementation with Hizikia fusiformis on anti-hyperlipidemic activities were investigated in an animal study in which normal rats were fed Hizikia fusiformis, Hizikia fusiformis ethanol extract and Hizikia fusiformis ethanol extract residue. Serum total lipid and triglyceride levels were significantly (P<0.05) reduced in rats fed Hizikia fusiformis ethanol extract residue at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight when compared to hyperlipidemic control rats. There were also significant decreases in serum total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels in the rats fed Hizikia fusiformis ethanol extract residue at 200 mg/kg body weight. In addition, the atheroscrelosis index and superoxide dismutase in blood lipids were significantly (P<0.05) lowered in rats fed Hizikia fusiformis ethanol extract residue at 200 mg/kg body weight, as compared to control rats. In conclusion, Hizikia fusiformis and Hizikia fusiformis ethanol extract residue had beneficial antihyperlipidemic and antiarteriosclerosis effects.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.251-258
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• 1996

Panax ginseng has been used for various diseases including hepatic disorders. The aim of the present study was to investigate the hepatoprotective effects of ethanol extract and saponin of Panax ginseng in thioacetamide-intoxicated rats and to compare with silymarin, a known hepatoprotective agent. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were given single intragastric administration of thioacetamide. Aqueous solutions of ethanol extract and saponin of Panax ginseng with or without silymarin were administered intragastrically daily for six days from four days before until one day after thioacetamide administration. At the end of the treatment, the rats were fasted overnight and sacrificed. As a result, thioacetamide caused significant increase in serum levels of AST, ALT, 5'-nucleotidase and bilirubin. Thioacetamide increased $Ca^++$ content but decreased protein content in liver tissue. These thioacetamide-induced biochemical changes were prevented both by ethanol extract of ginseng and silymarin, but not by ginseng saponin. Silymarin did not potentlate the effect of either ethanol extract or saponin of ginseng on these parameters. Thioacetamide-induced confluent necrosis was not protected by the test drugs. In conclusion, ethanol extract of ginseng protects the liver possibly by stabilizing the cell membrane and by inhibiting thioacetamide-induced $Ca^++$ increase in the hepatocytes, which was comparable to that of silymarin.