• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.14 no.1_2
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• pp.55-63
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• 1999

Endocrine disrupting chemicals probably cause the cytological or/and morphological changes of germinal cells in gonad. Accordingly, this study was aimed to make sure that the effect of hormone-mimicking chemicals on gonad morphology such as decrease of germinal cells, inhibition of cellular maturation and change in the ratio of germinal cells in the different developmental phase can be observed by histopathological procedures and can be a useful bio-indicator for the evaluation of endocrine disruption by environmental chemicals. In this experiment, female Japanese medaka were exposured to quercetin, a phytoestrogen, at the concentration of 100 $\mu\textrm{g}$/L. quercetin showed the significant decrease in the number and rate of vitellogenic follicular oocytes in the treated group for 4 and 6 weeks. The weak development of yolk could be also observed. We could conclude that quercetin has anti-estrogenic or androgen-like potency by exerting the inhibition effect on oogenesis in fish female- gonad. From the result of this study, the applied methods and techniques can be evaluated to be a useful biomonitoring means for water pollution, expecting a good result of the subsequent study on apoptosis.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.175-182
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• 2003

Bisphenol A shares similarities in structure, metabolism and action with DES, a known human teratogen and carcinogen. Bisphenol A, a monomer of polycarbonate and epoxy resins, has been detected in canned food and human saliva. The purpose of the this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity, cell proliferation of bisphenol A In the presence of a rat liver S9 mix, contaning cytochrome P450 enzymes, and Cu (II). In the present study, Bisphenol A in combination with Cu (II) exhibited a enhancement in cytotoxicity which were inhibited by free radical scavengers. The content of malondialdehyde, an end product of lipid peroxidation, was also found to increase with concentration of bisphenol A. Also, we examined the change of CuZn-SOD, Mn-SOD, catalase and GPx activities in the MCF-7 cells exposed to bisphenol A. The activities of CuZn-SOD, CPx, catalase were found to decrease with bisphenol A concentration. Meanwhile, the activity of Mn-SOD was unchanged. This indicated that elevated oxidative stress caused by imbalance between the production and removal of free radicals occurred in cells.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.100-106
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• 2006

The use of underarm and body care cosmetics with oestrogenic chemical excipients (particularly the parabens) and the hypothesized association with breast cancer incidence, particularly in women. It is noted that the type of cosmetic product is irrelevant (e.g. antiperspirant/deodorant versus body lotion, moisturizers or sprays versus creams) and attention must focus on issues of actual exposure to chemicals through continued dermal application of body care products and the endocrine/hormonal activity and toxicity of the chemicals in the formulations. To evaluate the estrogenic activities of parabens such as ethylparaben, butylparaben, propylparaben, isobutylparaben and isopropylparaben, we used recombinant yeasts containing the human estrogen receptor [Saccharomyces cerevisiae ER+LYS 8127], human breast cancer MCF-7 cell lines and human estrogen receptor ${\alpha}\;and\;{\beta}$. In E-screen assays, isopropylparaben is the most estrogenic paraben, and in ER competition assay, isobutylparaben is the most estrogenic paraben. We evaluated isopropylparaben was most active in the recombinant yeast assay, followed by propylparaben, ethylparaben, isobutylparaben and butylparaben. Results from this study demonstrate that parabens are observed in human endocrine system. Therefore, we have shown that the parabens is induced the estrogenic activities similar to $17{\beta}$-estradiol and Bisphenol-A.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.184-184
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• 2003

Endosulfan is one of the organochlorine pesticides, well-known endocrine disruptors (EDs). Many EDs show the estrogenic effect. Estrogen is a group of hormones that play an important role in mammary gland function and implicated in mammary carcinogenesis. In the present study. using mouse mammary gland organ culture (MMOC) system. we studied the the effects of endosulfan on nodule like alveolar lesion (NLAL) formation in the mouse mammary gland development. (omitted)

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.98-99
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• 2003

Cypermethrin is one of the pyrethroids, synthetic derivatives of naturally occurring pyrethrins. Cypermethrin has been developed as an insecticide, and is now in worldwise use for control of a wide range of insects, providing potential for human exposure. Our previous study suggested estrogenic activity of cypermethrin. A chemical with hormonal activity could adversely affect reproduction and development. (omitted)

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.161-161
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• 2001

Resveratrol (trans-3, 4', 5-trihydroxystilbene), which is a polyphenolic compound found in a variety of plants such as grapes and wine, has been reported to have a variety of anti-inflammatory, anti-platelet, and anti-carcinogenic effects. Recently resveratrol was reported to serve as an estrogen agonist in MCF-7 cells Based on its structural similarity to diethylstilbestrol, a synthetic estrogen, we examined whether resveratrol and its derivatives might be estrogenic using stable MCF-7-ERE cells. (omitted)

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.293.1-293.1
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• 2002

Pyrethroids are extensively used as insecticide in agriculture and home. Several studies have reported that yrethroids are relatively safe to humans and wildlife. However. some studies have suggested that pyrethroids ossess estrogen-like activity. Thus. the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of pyrethroid ompounds on cell proliferation. and expression of ERs and pS2 using estrogen receptor positive human breast ancer cell line (MCF-7 BUS celis). (omitted)

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.18
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• pp.8397-8403
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• 2016

Background: Breast cancer (BCa) is the most common malignancy in Mexican women. A set of histopathological markers has been established to guide BCa diagnosis, prognosis and treatment. Nevertheless, in only a few Mexican health services, such as that of the Secretariat of National Defense (SEDENA for its acronym in Spanish), are these markers commonly employed for assessing BCa. The aim of this study was to explore the association of Ki67, TP53, HER2/neu, estrogenic receptors (ERs) and progesterone receptors (PRs) with BCa risk factors. Materials and Methods: Clinical histories provided background patient information. Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis was conducted on 48 tissue samples from women diagnosed with BCa and treated with radical mastectomy. The Chi square test or Fisher exact test together with the Pearson and Spearman correlation were applied. Results: On average, patients were $58{\pm}10.4$ years old. It was most common to find invasive ductal carcinoma (95.8%), histological grade 3 (45.8%), with a poor Nottingham Prognostic Index (NPI; 80.4%). ERs and PRs were associated with smoking and alcohol consumption, metastasis at diagnosis and Ki67 expression (p<0.05). PR+ was also related to urea and ER+ (p<0.05). Ki67 was associated with TP53 and elevated triglycerides (p<0.05), and HER2/neu with ER+, the number of pregnancies and tumor size (p<0.05). TP53 was also associated with a poor NPI (p<0.05) and CD34 with smoking (p<0.05). The triple negative status (ER-/PR-/HER2/neu-) was related to smoking, alcohol consumption, exposure to biomass, number of pregnancies, metastasis and a poor NPI (p<0.05). Moreover, the luminal B subty was associated with histological type (p=0.007), tumor size (p=0.03) and high cholesterol (p=0.02). Conclusions: Ki67, TP53, HER2/neu, ER and PR proved to be related to several clinical and pathological factors. Hence, it is crucial to determine this IHC profile in women at risk for BCa. Certain associations require further study to understand physiological/biochemical/molecular processes.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.181-190
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• 2011

This study was investigated to find out the change of reproductive and histological biomarkers of Ruditapes philippinarum exposed to nonylphenol (NP). Experimental period was 16 weeks. Experimental groups were composed of one control condition and three NP exposure conditions (0.05, 0.1, $0.2 mg\;NP\;L^{-1}$). Gonad index was higher in exposure group than control in female and higher in control than exposure group in male. Intersexuality in the NP exposure group was 14.56% with male exhibiting higher ratio than female. Histological analysis of organ system illustrated expansion of hemolymph sinus, loss of striated border of inner epidermis and degeneration of mucous cell in the mantle. In the gill partially disappearance of frontal and lateral cilia, degeneration of mucous cell were observed. Also, hyperplasia of epithelium and disappearance of striated border were observed in the foot. As the concentration of NP increased, the accumulation of lipofuscin increased in the digestive gland. The results of this study suggest that NP induces reduction of survival rate, histopathology and intersex of R. philippinarum. Furthermore, it is indentified that NP functions as an estrogenic effector on the reproduction of R. philippinarum.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.285-291
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• 2000

So far, investigation of environmental pollution has been achieved in field study. This remains the most exhaustive approach, current dimensions of environmental researches and their inherent complexity require that relatively inexpensive and simple laboratory procedures are developed to make possible the screening of large numbers of sites and samples. At this point. microbioassay has been high-lighted. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the water pollution using microbioassay. Two microbioassay methods were optimized and validated for the sensitive and quantitative determination of total toxic effects in the water. EROD(Ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase) microbioassay was focused to detect PARs, PCBs and dioxinlike components in the water and E-screen assay to xenoestrogens. The EROD microbioassay was executed in rat hepatoma cell line, H4IIE and E-screen assay in MCF7-BUS cell line. Kumho river was selected for this study. 5ι of river water was extracted using combined solid-phase extraction in static adsorption mode with soxhlet extraction. Pollutants adsorbed to the XAD-4 resin were recovered by elution with ethyl acetate and methylene chloride (1 : 9). Toxic effects of extracts were determined by EROD-microbioassay and E-screen assay. EROD activities of water samples were 7.24-72.24 ng/ι MEQ. The estrogenic effect of various water samples is quantitatively evaluated by EEQ. The EEQ of samples range from 0.05 to 6.07 ng-EEQ/ι. These results suggested that Kumho river was highly polluted with organic toxic chemicals.