• Journal of the Korean Academy of Esthetic Dentistry
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.86-94
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• 2014

In recent years, perhaps the biggest driver in new material development is the desire to improve crown and bridge esthetics compared to the traditional PFM or all-metal restorations. As such, zirconia, leucite-containing glass ceramic and lithium disilicate glass ceramic have become prominent in the dental practice. Each material type performs differently regarding strength, toughness, ease of machining and the final preparation of the material prior to placement. For example, glass ceramic are typically weaker materials which limits its use to single-unit restorations. On the other hand, zirconia has a high fracture toughness which enables multi-unit restorations. This material requires a long sintering procedure which excludes its use for fast chair side production. Developed hybrid material of CAD/CAM is contained nano ceramic elements. This new material, called a Resin Nano Ceramic is unique in durability and function. The material is not a resin or composite. It is also not a pure ceramic. The material is a mixture of both and consists of ceramic. Like a composite, the material is not brittle and is fracture resistant. Like a glass ceramic, the material has excellent polish retention for lasting esthetics. The material is easily machined chair side or in a dental lab, polishes quickly to an esthetic finish and if necessary, can be useful restoratives.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Esthetic Dentistry
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.134-142
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• 2015

Esthetic dentistry has been developed through the diverse material and technique. Approach and interest in esthetic of anteriors was driven by needs and wants of patients. Alpha and omega of esthetics is determined by patients, as Charles Pincus who is the pioneer of esthetic dentistry described in his article 1967. To meet with wants and needs of patients, dentists suggest possible various treatment options. Cosmetic grinding quoted by Pincus is one of the conservative approaches and provide effective esthetic improvement with minimal invasive concepts. In a high technology era, cosmetic grinding needs to be revisited. Review of some clinical cases shows the value and limitation of it.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Esthetic Dentistry
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.16-27
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• 2001

Composite resin have very important roles as a esthetic fillng material. Today we are confusing by a numerous number of the polymer options in the market. Are there any complications such as tooth sensitivity? Do they have stabilization in the long term aspect? These are the reasons why many dentists don't use composite resin in my country. But the problems can be overcome by choosing the best suited materials and meticulous clinical procedures. So that we are able to expand our clinical boundary. I would like to introduce the clinical techniques of Dr.Gordon Christensen in Utah, and overall clinical cases under the base of CRA newsletter.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Esthetic Dentistry
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.82-90
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• 2000

In esthetic dentistry, color and strength are basic requirements for the long-term success of the restorative materials. Several all ceramic systems have been introduced to esthetic dentistry recently. However, the inherent natures of ceramic material, the application of all ceramic system is mainly limited to single tooth restorations. With the improvement of material science, the alumina and zirconia/alumina composite power and block can be applied to fabrication of all ceramic bridges. The conventional inceram core fabrication takes time for sintering however, the shaping of block with a copy milling machine can reduce great amount of time. The block is easy to manipulate and prepare in any shape accurately. This clinical report demonstrates the application of all ceramic ante rior 3 unit bridge with a alumina block in CELAY system.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.557-564
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• 2008

Purpose: Various methods are used in clinical crown lengthening procedure, Esthetic is more important in anterior region than in posterior region. Therefore when performing clinical crown lengthening procedure in esthetic region, clinicians should choose method which doesn't impair esthetic. Surgical extrusion could be a good method to achieve esthetic results. Material and Methods: Two patients were scheduled to clinical crown lengthening procedure in esthetic region. Teeth were extruded with periotome carefully to the intended level. Extruded teeth were anchored with sutures. Sutures are removed after 7day. Restorations were seated after extruded teeth were stabilized. Result: Five to six months later, both cases showed favorable esthetic outcome that were harmonious with adjacent teeth. Conclusion: When clinicians are to do clinical crown lengthening procedure in esthetic region, predictable esthetic outcome could be achieved with surgical extrusion.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Esthetic Dentistry
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.76-82
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• 1999

Zinc phosphate cement has long been the material of choice for permanent luting of cast restorations, and through many years of use has been considered effective to retain castings. However, cast restorations cemented with this material have been susceptible to secondary caries. Glass ionomer luting agents become available in the late 1970s. These material s, through release of fluoride, show considerable promise as a means of reducing secondary caries. Other favorable traits include significantly less disintegration in vivo than zinc phosphate cements, a film thickness comparable to that of zinc phosphate cement, and adhesion to tooth structure. Compomer materials were created in 1993 as a filling material for deciduous teeth, cervical lesions, and class III cavities. In the meantime, compomer have been developed as chemical hardening cements for cast gold restorations. The aim of this paper is to review the articles on luting cements to help the choice of dental cements.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.239-245
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• 2016

The purpose of this article was to review the changes in translucency of direct esthetic restorative materials after curing, aging and treatment. As a criterion for the evaluation of clinical translucency changes, visual perceptibility threshold in translucency parameter difference (${\Delta}TP$) of 2 was used. Translucency changes after curing were perceivable depending on experimental methods and products (largest ${\Delta}TP$ in resin composites = 15.9). Translucency changes after aging were reported as either relatively stable or showed perceivable changes by aging protocols (largest ${\Delta}TP$ in resin composites = -3.8). Translucency changes after curing, aging and treatment were perceivable in several products and experimental methods. Therefore, shade matching of direct esthetic materials should be performed considering these instabilities of translucency in direct esthetic materials.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Esthetic Dentistry
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.42-47
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• 1998

This study was performed to compare the bonding mechanism of glass ionomers. In this study, hybrid glass ionomers were used for restoration(Fuji II LC, GC, Japan) as the material of choice. Two different etching solutions were used in this study, 35% phosphoric acid and 10% polyacrylic acid. The effect of two different conditioners to dentin surface of a primary molar was studied and compared by using scanning electron microscope. Further, the interface of the dentin surface and the hybrid glass ionomers were examined.

• Proceedings of the KACD Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.594-594
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• 2001

Increased demand for esthetic restorations has promoted a growing interest in tooth-colored restorations even in the posterior regions. Preparation for specific types of indirect inlay and onlays may vary because of differences in fabrication steps for each commercial system and variations in the physical properties of the restorative materials. Preparations for indirect inlay/onlay basically are meant to provide adequate thickness for restorative material and at the same time a passive insertion pattern with rounded internal angles and well defined margins after deciding what type of restoration is indicated.(omitted)

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.159-166
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• 2016

The purpose of this review was to suggest practical criteria for the clinical translucency evaluation of direct esthetic restorative materials, and to review the translucency with these criteria. For the evaluation of reported translucency values, measuring instrument and method, specimen thickness, background color, and illumination should be scrutinized. Translucency parameter (TP) of 15 to 19 could be regarded as the translucency of 1 mm thick human enamel. Visual perceptibility threshold for translucency difference in contrast ratio (${\Delta}CR$) of 0.07 could be transformed into ${\Delta}TP$ value of 2. Translucency differences between direct and indirect resin composites were perceivable (${\Delta}TP>2$). Universal and corresponding flowable resin composites did not show perceivable translucency differences in most products. Translucency differed significantly by the product within each shade group, and by the shade group within each product. Translucency of human enamel and perceptibility threshold for translucency difference may be used as criteria for the clinical evaluation of translucency of esthetic restorative materials.