• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.177-258
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• 2008

An Epidemic disease is regarded as warm disease by Korean Medicine. Warm disease is highly contagious and shows an unfavorable condition, and that is characteristic of being widely prevalent. Warm disease study cope with this epidemic disease opportunely. In the Myeong[明] and Cheong[淸] Dynasty, warm disease study got into the region of Korean medicine of today and "The Sections of Warm Disease(溫病條辨)" contributed to the cause of the study was really great. "The Sections of Warm Disease" written by Ohguktong(吳鞠通) in the Cheong Dynasty are divided into the three sections of Upper burner[上焦], Middle burner[中焦] and Lower burner[下焦]. Ohguktong, dealing with the contents of Defense-aspect[衛分], Gi-aspect[氣分], Construction-aspect[營分], Blood-aspect[血分], and so forth in all "Sections of Warm Disease", made use of Seopcheonsa(葉天士)'s Defense Gi[衛氣], Construction, and Blood pattern identification with Triple burner[三焦] pattern identification and six channel pattern identification. And he, having a correct understanding of the nature of medicine, suggested in detail that the directions of medicine and described the processing according to method and the method to take medicine. To conclude, Ohguktong(吳鞠通) Tong in "The Sections of Warm Disease" not only formulated the system of the practical theory of warm disease but also solidified the foundation covering warm disease and its treatment as well, He established the new method of treatment and formula related to warm disease and made a definite distinction between cold damage[傷寒] and warm disease[溫病].

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.43-53
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• 2011

According to the result about 'San Jiao(三焦)'recorded on "Yellow Empero's Canon Internal Medicine Ling Shu(黃帝內經 靈樞)", we achieved following results. 1. As we consider the concept of 'San Jiao' recorded on "Ling Shu", in early time, it was related to bladder(膀胱) and there was no divided concept into 'Shang Jiao(上焦)', 'Zhong Jiao(中焦)' and 'Xia Jiao(下焦)'. Later, there was appearance of body metabolism concept in anatomic way and started to emphasize that stomach(胃) is the very beginning of digestion. This point then adjusted into the concept which the core theory of digestion and water metabolism begins with 'Zhong Jiao' and processes to 'Shang Jiao' and 'Xia Jiao' then it established the 'San Jiao' theory adjusted to the functional change than property change. Later as there is set theoretical structure of 'three Yin and three Yang(三陰三陽)', it included the concept of 'San Jiao' onto meridian system theory to complete as a theory. Finally, it completed the theoretical structure that 'San Jiao' runs water metabolism of circulation, body fluid and urine for body to produce blood and Qi to protect and provide nutrition to the human body. 2. From the point of each part, 'San Jiao' means all body composition factor related to the relation to the digestion and water metabolism to produce Qi and blood. Also, the details of entire function of 'San Jiao' tells that 'Zhong Jiao' intakes food and divides the clarity and turbidity of digested substances. The origin of this digestion and water metabolism lies at Xia Jiao. The clean substance including the mood and taste climbs via Shang Jiao. The vapor like substance climbed to Shang Jiao becomes 'defensive Qi(衛氣)' and controls body temperature and sweat by supporting and spreading the Qi by Shang Jiao. The liquid substance climbed to Shang Jiao becomes blood. The blood has stronger character as substance than defensive Qi so Zhong Jiao becomes the base and the way for the blood. The turbid Qi separated at Zhong Jiao passes large intestine and the solid substance is excreted and the liquid is absorbed into bladder. The Xia Jiao that controls this process controls the liquid state of water matabolism so control the urine with bladder. Therefore, 'San Jiao' can be understood as a general concept that controls entire water metabolism as a way of food, Qi and blood.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.101-123
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• 2021

Objectives : To examine the six positions correlation[六部定位] principle that is the basis of the wrist pulse diagnosis in the Neijing. Methods : The basis for argument was established by correcting an interpretation error of the theory of chi (尺) skin diagnosis. In order to accomplish this, the annotations of Yang Shangshan and Wangbing were investigated first, after which the specific meaning and methodology of the chi diagnostic method as written in many chapters of the Neijing were examined. The evidence and reasoning for the six positions correlation[六部定位] was looked into, in relation to Wangbing's annotation of the chapter, Maiyaojingweilun. The theoretical basis of the six positions correlation was searched throughout the entire Neijing, based on the correlation between Liuhe and the six positions, the five elements inter-supporting theory embedded in the six positions correlation as a diagnosis model that integrates zhangfu and meridians/channels, and the meaning of the spacial concepts used when describing the tactile technique within the chapter. Lastly, contents related to the five zhang channels within the Neijing were reviewed, to determine whether the six positions correlation was applied in wrist pulse taking Results & Conclusions : Some interpretations of the verse on matching the positions in the Maiyaojingweilun chapter of the Neijing are erroneous, while the argument that the three positions[cun-guan-chi] cannot be found in the Neijing is false as well. The wrist pulse taking in the Neijing is precisely based on the three positions correlation that divides the cun-guan-chi positions into three, and the correlation verse in the Maiyaojingweilun chapter clearly suggests the principle of matching the zhangfu and meridian/channels to the six positions of the cun-guan-chi of both left and right.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.11-29
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• 2017

Objectives : Contemporary researches suspect that, contrary to the past belief, the understanding that the cause of warm pathogen lies in the upper portion of human body is an understanding that had been well-established even before Yetianshi. This new understanding now requires us to contemplate the process of theoretical development which this understanding, termed Onsasangsu, had taken within the boundary of the theory of warm pathogen. This paper aims to shed light on this within the framework that this is the emergence of a new theory of warm pathogen caused by a new understanding of warm pathogen. Methods : First, the theories of warm pathogen as developed by historical doctors were studied, and elements that seem to be related to the understanding of Onsasangsu were selected and studied to understand their theoretical characteristics. Furthermore, the paper studied what academic significance do these theories have on the development of the theory of warm pathogen. Results & Conclusions : Provided that the underlying assumption of Onsasangsu is that febrile diseases are caused through moutn and nose, the study showed that this understanding arose before the period of Qing Dynsasty from the need by many doctors to differentiate the pathogens of various diseases such as the disease of heat, febrile disease, and epidemic. The reason that these discussions could not have much impact on the study of febrile disease during the Qing Dynasty could be because they were not passed on down to the future generations, or because commonly held perspective was unable to accept criticisms.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.85-99
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• 2009

This book was completed in the 33rd year of Gang-hui-gapsul(康熙 甲戌) in the Cheong(淸) dynasty(1694), and was first inscribed in the 55th year of Geonryung(乾隆). In this first edition named 'Daechudangbon(大雅堂本)', his descendant Jinbonghui(陳鳳輝) wrote the postscript. There are also other editions such as 'Ga-gyeong-ganchwihyeondangbon(嘉慶間聚賢堂本)', 'Wimundanggeonsangbon(緯文堂巾箱本)' and 'Guangseo-ganseonseongdangbon(光緒間善成堂本)' Second, this book was called "Oe-gwabirok(外科秘錄)" and used the pen name 'Gibaekchunsasojeon(岐伯天師所傳)'. There are 16 volumes in total. The beginning of volume one, is a drawing of the 14 meridians. Volumes 1$\sim$4 are on the symptoms and treatment of abscesses and sores and ulcers[癰疽瘡瘍]. Volumes 5$\sim$13 are on surgery, dermatology and 156 diseases such as wounds by contusion, sharp objects and insects and beasts[跌撲, 金刃, 蟲獸傷]. Volumes 14$\sim$16 list the internal treatments, external medicine, acupuncture and moxibustion and surgery of sores and ulcers. Third, the book stressed early detection and treatment of diseases, emphasized inner resolving[內消] being cautious about using medicine, and further deepened the syndrome differentiation and treatment[辨證施治] of sores and ulcers[瘡瘍] by dividing fire toxin(火毒) into Eumhwa and Yanghwa(陰火/陽火). Also, it established the cause of sores and ulcers development as the deficiency of Gi(氣) and blood[血] and focused especially on the liver and kidney's involvement in the process. It also asserted that the pathogen[邪] is the tip[標], so one should eliminate and reinforce[攻補] to balance it out. The sore and ulcer surgery[瘡瘍外科] part is mostly based on detoxifying[解毒] and resolving[消散]. Although the meridians were mentioned, they were not emphasized, while moxibustion treatment of sores and ulcers[瘡瘍] were thoroughly analyzed. Also, of all 550 formulas in this book, 90% are experience-based which frequently use Geum-eunhwa(金銀花), Pogong-yeong(蒲公英) and Jahwajijeong(紫花地丁). The usages are unique, and the formulas have good adaptability. The symptoms of the diseases are explained first, followed by according main and sub treatments.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.267-280
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• 2013

Objective : One of the unique syndromes in Asian traditional medicine named 'heat entering the blood chamber(熱入血室, HEBC)' first appeared in Shanghanlun(傷寒論) and Jinguiyaolue(金匱要略) written by Zhangzhongjing(張仲景) who is the most famous doctor in ancient China. Method : Through comparison between Huangdineijing(黃帝內經), Shanghanlun(傷寒論), Jinguiyaolue(金匱要略) and other medical texts, the correct meaning, causes and mechanisms of HEBC can be analysed and organized to suggest new view of HEBC in modern society. Result : This syndrome is usually occurred in women during catching cold and menstruation, accompanying alternation of chillness and fever, pseudo-malaria, delirium, raveled chest(結胸), uterine hemorrhage, etc. The main sign of this syndrome, delirium belongs to the category of liver disease and fever in Huangdineijing(黃帝內經) which is a document more early published than Shanghanlun. Although there are still many other comprehensions about what blood chamber is, it could be the same as uterus according to Huangdineijing, it is relevant to the control of menstruation and emotions, and the function of liver and thoroughfare vessel(衝脈). Conclusion : HEBC is a syndrome exclusive to women, caused by their unique physical and psychological characteristics. It's beginning can be found in Huangdineijing, and by Shanghanlun and Jinguiyaolue, its concept as a single disease pattern becomes established. In other words, HEBC is a complex disease related to menstruation and its related hormonal dysfunctions, closely related to PMS, menopausal syndrome of today. Physical symptoms accompanied by psychological anxiety and fear is characteristic of this condition. Therefore gynecological approaches as well as socio-cultural issues related to women in modern society must be adopted when dealing with HEBC.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.59-75
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• 2018

Objectives : Contents regarding Qiuzimen as found in Beijiqianjinyaofang and Qianjinyifang were studied for their potentialities to be applied to infertility clinics. Methods : The contents on Qiuzimen in Beijiqianjinyaofang and Qianjinyifang are pondered upon after dividing into two categories of medical theory and therapeutic principle, and other related texts and dissertations are further studied to discover a potential subject matter in being applied to today's modern clinics. Results : 1. In medical theory, Sunsimiao picked five overexertions and seven damages as the main medical cause of infertility. For remedy, he established four common formula, which are: chinjasan, bakchotangpotang, suppository, and haseog(cheon)moondongwhan. 2. There are total of thirteen types of formula described in the Qiuzimen in Beijiqianjinyaofang and Qianjinyifang, and five acupuncture points are used in the moxibustion method. After analyzing the herbs that were used six or more times, it was discovered that medicines were used to tonify the viscera of heart and kidney that are damaged through five overexertions and seven damages. In moxibustion method, different points such as CV4, LR14, pomoon, cheonmoon, and KI2, which is the point for kidney meridian were used in order to tonify the uterus through lower abdomen area and reproductive organs. 3. Qiuzimen has not only had a great impact on the infertility treatment as found in Furendaquanliangfang, which is the first gynecology text in Song dynasty, but it also had a continuous impact on medical texts in Ming and Qing dynasty. 4. The infertility therapeutic principle and approach method as found in the Qiuzimen are still relevant in today's modern infetility treatment. Conclusions : In the Qiuzimen of Beijiqianjinyaofang and Qianjinyifang, the problem of infertility is viewed as the whole body's problem, namely a type of defective disease caused by five overexertions and seven damages, the view of which should be applied to today's modern clinics.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.181-198
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• 2014

Objectives : This study was to analyze definitions of herbal medicinal preparations, crude drug preparations, and new drugs from natural products in the relevant laws and regulations, understand the related problems, and propose directions for improvement. Methods : I analyzed the legal definitions in respect of herbal medicinal preparations, crude drug preparations, and new drugs from natural products in relevant laws and regulations since 1945, explained the problems, and suggested the solution-considering the academic stance of Traditional Korean Medicine and the dualistic medical and pharmaceutical system. Results : Regarding the current laws and regulations that are relevant to herbal medicinal preparations, we should 1) clarify the boundaries between the duty of physicians and that of pharmacists, 2) limit the principles of Korean Medicine as well as the contents of the related textbooks, 3) find a way to protect the intellectual property rights for herbal medicinal preparations, and 4) establish a separate standard for drug classification regarding herbal medicinal preparations. In case of crude drug preparations, we should 1) clarify the meaning and limitations of the phrase, "the point of view of Western medicine," and 2) establish a classification standard for drugs that are used in Korean Medicine and clarify the boundaries between herbal drug preparations and crude drug preparations. Furthermore, laws and regulations apropos of new drugs from natural products do not actually fit the concept of "new drug," and due to subordinate laws, a supplement to a new drug submission is contradictorily misclassified as a new drug from natural products. Conclusions : The problems of legal definitions of herbal medicinal preparations, crude drug preparations, and new drugs from natural products have emerged in the process of giving approval to drugs that are made of herbs and natural products under the dualistic medical and pharmaceutical System. Laws and regulations that differentiate the process of approving herbs that are used in Korean Medicine and the others should be established.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.107-118
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• 2011

Classified Emergency Materia Medica is a pharmacopoeia published by the government of the Song(宋) dynasty. After publishment, it had a decisive effect on East-Asian herbology of China, Korean & Japan. Sakae Miki(三木榮), Tameto Okanisi(岡西爲人) wrote papers on the subjects of type, publishing process, bibliographic terms of Classified Emergency Materia Medica published in the early and middle years of Joseon Dynasty. Moreover, Sakae Miki claimed that Classified Emergency Materia Medica from China had been a standard of herbology of Joseon Dynasty since its publishment, and herbology based on materia medica from countryside(鄕藥) also had occupied a part of herbology in Joseon Dynasty. Nevertheless the specific influences, from Classified Emergency Materia Medica to the medical books of Joseon Dynasty which established the herbology based on materia medica from countryside has never been handled so far. So I would like to investigate the influence of Classified Emergency Materia Medica to Joseon Dynasty, through a comparison with literature review. The main literatures for comparison are two representative medical books of Joseon Dynasty, Compendium of Prescriptions from the Countryside(1433) & Treasured Mirror of Eastern Medicine(1613), especially focusing on the pharmacognostic parts. The main comparing points on researching literatures will be the following: publication year of books; order of herbs; and quotations. This paper will show which edition of Classified Emergency Materia Medica was utilized to publish two medical books of Joseon Dynasty, and the process how Korean herbology based on materia medica from countryside was transformed after accepting Chinese herbology.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.97-114
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• 2022

Objectives : Background research on the history of Huangbo's taste being written as 'pungent' was undertaken, after which its clinical meaning was examined from the medical perspective that was behind the medicinal's taste designation. Furthermore, through various understandings on the 'pungent' taste within the process of clinical application, the meaning of 'pungent' in Korean medicinal research was re-evaluated. Methods : Description of Huangbo's taste as 'pungent' as written in medical texts were chronologically examined to determine its origin. The clinical meaning of the pungent taste of Huangbo was examined within the broad medical perspective of doctors who were behind these descriptions. Results & Conclusions : The pungent taste of Huangbo was first described by Zhang Yuansu, followed by doctors of the Yishui School such as Li Dongyuan, Wang Haogu, etc., during which such knowledge was established and contributed to recognition of Huangbo's effect as tonifying Kidney deficiency and treatment of fire within water, after reaching the Kidney. Li Dongyuan understood the meaning of Huangbo's pungent taste as eliminating Yin fire and restoring the upward direction, ultimately restoring the general 'Rising-Falling-Floating-Sinking' mechanism within the context of his inner damage treatment. On the other hand, Zhu Danxi interpreted the pungentness of Huangbo based on his understanding of the nature of fire and action towards it. It seems as Huangbo's effects were understood within a relatively narrow frame, application of its pungent taste became vague, which gave rise to criticism by later period doctors, ultimately leading to an ambiguous understanding of the pungent taste of Huangbo.