• 제목/요약/키워드: Essential Amino Acid

검색결과 821건 처리시간 0.027초

Reabsorption of Neutral Amino Acids Mediated by Amino Acid Transporter LAT2 and TAT1 in The Basolateral Membrane of Proximal Tubule

  • Park Sun Young;Kim Jong-Keun;Kim In Jin;Choi Bong Kyu;Jung Kyu Yong;Lee Seoul;Park Kyung Jin;Chairoungdua Arthit;Kanai Yoshikatsu;Endou Hitoshi;Kim Do Kyung
    • Archives of Pharmacal Research
    • /
    • 제28권4호
    • /
    • pp.421-432
    • /
    • 2005
  • In order to understand the renal reabsorption mechanism of neutral amino acids via amino acid transporters, we have isolated human L-type amino acid transporter 2 (hLAT2) and human T-type amino acid transporter 1 (hTAT1) in human, then, we have examined and compared the gene structures, the functional characterizations and the localization in human kidney. Northern blot analysis showed that hLAT2 mRNA was expressed at high levels in the heart, brain, placenta, kidney, spleen, prostate, testis, ovary, lymph node and the fetal liver. The hTAT1 mRNA was detected at high levels in the heart, placenta, liver, skeletal muscle, kidney, pancreas, spleen, thymus and prostate. Immunohistochemical analysis on the human kidney revealed that the hLAT2 and hTAT1 proteins coexist in the basolateral membrane of the renal proximal tubules. The hLAT2 transports all neutral amino acids and hTAT1 transports aromatic amino acids. The basolateral location of the hLAT2 and hTAT1 proteins in the renal proximal tubule as well as the amino acid transport activity of hLAT2 and hTAT1 suggests that these transporters contribute to the renal reabsorption of neutral and aromatic amino acids in the basolateral domain of epithelial proximal tubule cells, respectively. Therefore, LAT2 and TAT1 play essential roles in the reabsorption of neutral amino acids from the epithelial cells to the blood stream in the kidney. Because LAT2 and TAT1 are essential to the efficient absorption of neutral amino acids from the kidney, their defects might be involved in the pathogenesis of disorders caused by a disruption in amino acid absorption such as blue diaper syndrome.

Effect of Essential and Nonessential Amino Acids in North Carolina State University (NCSU)-23 Medium on Development of Porcine In vitro Fertilized Embryos

  • Hashem, Md. Abul;Bhandari, Dilip P.;Hossein, Mohammad Shamim;Jeong, Yeon Woo;Kim, Sue;Kim, Ji-Hye;Koo, Ok-Jae;Park, Seon Mi;Lee, Eu Gine;Park, Sun Woo;Kang, Sung Keun;Lee, Byeong Chun
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
    • /
    • 제20권5호
    • /
    • pp.693-700
    • /
    • 2007
  • The present study was conducted to examine the effect of different levels of essential and nonessential amino acid in NCSU-23 medium on the in vitro-produced porcine embryo as it develops from the zygote to the blastocyst stage. Four experiments were performed, each with a completely randomized design involving 5 to 8 replications of treatments. In order to know the effect of nonessential amino acids in NCSU-23 medium, 0, 5, 10 and $20{\mu}/ml$ MEM were supplemented there to, (Exp. 1) and the medium was supplemented with same level of essential amino acids (Exp. 2). The combined effect of nonessential (0, 5, 10 and $20{\mu}/ml$ MEM) and essential amino acids (0, 5, 10 and $10{\mu}/ml$ MEM) in NCSU-23 medium (Exp. 3), first 72 h with non-essential amino acids (at 0, 5, 10 and $20{\mu}/ml$ MEM), and last 4 d with essential amino acids with the same level as NEAA (Exp. 4) were examined. The embryo development was monitored and the quality of blastocysts was evaluated by counting the number of total cells and determining the ratio of inner cell mass (ICM) to trophoectoderm (TE) cells. When Eagle's nonessential amino acids (MEM) added to NCSU-23 medium, it significantly increased the likelihood of development to the 2- to 4-cell stage and subsequent blastocyst development. Supplementation of different levels of essential amino acids in the NCSU-23 medium decreased cleavage rate, rate of morula and blastocyst development and the number of ICMs. In the case of the combined effect of essential and nonessential amino acids, better and significant results were found for blastocysts, hatching blastocysts and for ICM numbers which were also dose dependent. With respect to the biphasic effect of nonessential and essential amino acids, nonessential amino acids increased cleavage whereas essential amino acids increased the total cell number. Neither the nonessential nor the essential group of amino acids, on their own, affected blastocyst cell number or the differentiation of cells in the blastocyst. In conclusion, this study determined the role of nonessential and essential amino acids in the culture of the porcine embryo and showed that the embryo requires different levels of amino acids as it develops from the zygote to the blastocyst stage.

대용우유 제조에 관한 연구 (제2보). 대용우유의 조성과 영양가 (Development of Imitation Milk (II). Feed Efficiency Ratio and Over-All Nutritive Value)

  • 유영진;김택영;이정근;김승환;김택제
    • 대한화학회지
    • /
    • 제21권2호
    • /
    • pp.125-131
    • /
    • 1977
  • Imitation milk는 식물성유(soy milk)에 식물성유(油), 탄수화물, whey powder, Nacascinate, 필수아미노산, 비타민, 무기물 등을 배합 가공한 것이다. Spray dried 방법으로 제조한 imitation milk의 feed efficiency ratio 및 영양가 측정은 Albino Rat의 사육시험과 화학적분석 방법으로 측정하였다. 지방산과 아미노산의 각 성분조성은 Gaschromatography 및 Amino Acid Autoanalyzer로 분석하였다. 이 연구 결과를 고찰하여 보면 필수아미노산과 고도불포화지방산이 feed efficiency ratio에 큰 영향을 미친것을 확인할 수 있다.

  • PDF

식용(食用)버섯류(類)의 아미노산(酸)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究) (A Study on the Amino Acid Contents of Edible Mushrooms)

  • 표명윤;노일협
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
    • /
    • 제8권1호
    • /
    • pp.47-59
    • /
    • 1975
  • Free amino acids in extracts and total amino acids in hydrolysates of eleven species of edible mushrooms were analyzed by amino acid autoanalyzer (Technicon PNC-1 Type). All these 11 species of mushroom can be repesented for convenience sake as follows. S-1; Agaricus campestris Fr. S-2: Agaricus campestris S-3; Pholiota nameko(I. Ito) S. Ito et Imai S-4; Auricularia auricula-judae(Fr.) $Qu{\acute{e}}l$ S-5; Tremella fuciformis Berk. S-6; Tricholoma matsutake(S. Ito et Imai) Sing. S-7; Pleurotus ostreatus Fr. $Qu{\acute{e}}l$ S-8; Lentinus edodes Berk Sing. S-9; Ramaria botrytis (Pers.) Ricken S-10; Coprinus comatus(Fr.) S.F, Gray S-11; Gyrophora esculenta The results obtained from this study are as follows. 1) 17 kinds of amino acid, including 7 kinds of essential amino acid in human nutrition except tryptophan were identified and quantified. 2) Of all free amino acids contained in mushrooms, glutamic acid is the richest, and then comes Ala, Thr, Pro and Lys in that order. There were no found Cys'and His in S-9;His in S-1; Met and Arg in S-11; Cys and Met in S-5;Pro, Cys, Met, Lys and Arg in S-4. Of all total amino acids which are closely related with nutritional valuation, glutamic acid is the richest, and then comes Asp, Ala, Arg, Leu, Thr, Gly in that order. Especially S-1 and S-2 contain high quantity $o{\acute{i}}$ proline in both free and total amino acids. 3) Cotents of ammonia in extracts of mushrooms in decreasing order in S-1, S-10, S-8, S-2, S-7, S-6, and S-2, S-6, S-8, S-9, S-1 in hydrolysates of mushrooms. 4) Gross Contents of free amino acid in extracts is high in decreasing order in S-10, S-1, S-7, S-6, S-8, and total amino acid in hydrolysates is high in S-10, S-2, S-2, S-8, S-1, S-9, S-6. 5) Besides 17 kinds of amino acid, 5 kinds of unknown amino acid are found in extracts and hydrolysates.

  • PDF

Effects of Refeeding with a Protein-Free Diets Supplemented with Various Essential Amino Acids on the Plasma Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Concentration in Fasting Young Chickens

  • Kita, K;Shibata, T.;Nagao, K.;Hwangbo, J.;Okumura, J.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
    • /
    • 제15권3호
    • /
    • pp.406-409
    • /
    • 2002
  • The effect of refeeding with various single essential amino acids on the recovery of plasma insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) concentration in fasted young chickens was examined. Young chickens (29 days of age) were divided into 15 experimental groups. Chickens in one group were fed on the commercial diet ad libitum for 4 days. The remaining 56 chickens in 14 experimental groups were fasted. After 2 days of fasting, 52 chicks in 13 fasted groups were refed with one of the following experimental diets for 2 days. Eleven experimental diets were protein-free diets supplemented with one of 11 essential amino acids (Arg, Gly, His, Ileu, Leu, Met, Phe, Lys, Thr, Trp, Val). The remaining 2 experimental diets were a protein-free diet containing 11 essential amino acids and a protein-free diet not supplemented with amino acids. Birds in the remaining fasted group continued to be fasted for 2 days. Fasting for 2 days markedly reduced plasma IGF-I concentration. When fasted chickens were refed the protein-free diet containing either Gly alone or all essential amino acids, plasma IGF-I concentration was recovered to the level similar to that of fed chickens. Protein-free diet alone, however, failed to restore the reduced IGF-I concentration in plasma. Body weight loss modulated by feeding with protein-free diets supplemented with various single essential amino acids was associated with changes in plasma IGF-I concentrations. We concluded that body weight loss by feeding with a protein-free diet was lower than that of fasted chickens and that body weight loss associated with the decrease in plasma IGF-I concentration was modulated by feeding with protein-free diets containing various single essential amino acids.

나무딸기의 화학적(化學的) 성분(成分) 조성(組成)에 관한 연구(硏究) (유리아미노산, 유기산 및 유리당) (Studies on Chemical Composition of Raspberry (Free Amino Acids, Non-Volatile Organic Acids and Sugar))

  • 주광지
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
    • /
    • 제11권3호
    • /
    • pp.21-24
    • /
    • 1978
  • 나무딸기의 화학적 성분의 조성(組成)을 알기 위하여 유리 아미노산은 아미노산 자동분석계, 유기산은 GC 유리당은 ppC를 통하여 분석 조하여 다음과 같은 결론(結論)을 얻었다. 1. 유리아미노산은 18종(種) 발견되었으며 특히 lysine의 함량(含量)이 많았다. 필수(必須)아미노산을 고르게 함유하여 타 과실에 비하여 좋은 아미노산 조성(組成)을 이루고 있다. 2. 유기산은 citric acid, tartaric acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid가 발견 되어졌으며 일반적으로 그 함량은 적었다. 3. 당은 glucose, fructose, mannose, maltose lactose등을 함유하고 있다.

  • PDF

Genetic Background Behind the Amino Acid Profiles of Fermented Soybeans Produced by Four Bacillus spp.

  • Jang, Mihyun;Jeong, Do-Won;Heo, Ganghun;Kong, Haram;Kim, Cheong-Tae;Lee, Jong-Hoon
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
    • /
    • 제31권3호
    • /
    • pp.447-455
    • /
    • 2021
  • Strains of four Bacillus spp. were respectively inoculated into sterilized soybeans and the free amino acid profiles of the resulting cultures were analyzed to discern their metabolic traits. After 30 days of culture, B. licheniformis showed the highest production of serine, threonine, and glutamic acid; B. subtilis exhibited the highest production of alanine, asparagine, glycine, leucine, proline, tryptophan, and lysine. B. velezensis increased the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) concentration to >200% of that in the control samples. B. sonorensis produced a somewhat similar amino acid profile with B. licheniformis. Comparative genomic analysis of the four Bacillus strains and the genetic profiles of the produced free amino acids revealed that genes involved in glutamate and arginine metabolism were not common to the four strains. The genes gadA/B (encoding a glutamate decarboxylase), rocE (amino acid permease), and puuD (γ-glutamyl-γ-aminobutyrate hydrolase) determined GABA production, and their presence was species-specific. Taken together, B. licheniformis and B. velezensis were respectively shown to have high potential to increase concentrations of glutamic acid and GABA, while B. subtilis has the ability to increase essential amino acid concentrations in fermented soybean foods.

구릿대(Angelica dahurica) 뿌리의 성분 분석 (Analysis on the Components of the Angelica dahurica Root)

  • 주은영;강원자
    • 한국식품저장유통학회지
    • /
    • 제12권5호
    • /
    • pp.476-481
    • /
    • 2005
  • 구릿대 뿌리의 생리적 기능과 이용 가능성에 대한 연구의 일환으로 일반성분과 환원당, 유리당, 무기질 성분 및 아미노산의 함량과 아미노산 유도체 등에 대하여 분석하였다. 일반성분 중에는 수분 함유량이 71.7%로 가장 높았으며, 탄수화물 10.6%, 조단백질 9.3%, 조회분 6.6%, 그리고 조지방이 1.9%로 나타났다. 환원당의 함량은 1,850 mg/100 g이었으며, 유리당의 총 함량은 80 mg/100 g으로 sucrose의 함량이 28.4 mg/100 g으로 가장 높았다. 무기질은 K가 2,145.03 mg/100 g으로 가장 높았으며, Mg(286.35 mg/ 100 g), Ca(145.23 mg/ 100 g), Zn(4.78 mg/100 g), Fe(4.20 mg/100g), Mn(3.76 mg/100 g) 등이 검출되었다. 구성아미노산의 함량은 71.68 mg/ 100 g으로 필수아미노산이 20.98 mg/100 g, 비필수아미노산이 50.70 mg/100 g으로 분석되었으며 proline(11.74 mg/100 g)의 함량이 가장 높았다. 유리아미노산은 필수아미노산 6.67 mg/100 g, 비필수아미노산 10.37 mg/100 g으로 총 17.04 mg/ 100 g이 함유된 것으로 나타났으며, alanine(5.96 mg/100 g)의 함량이 가장 높았다. 아미노산 유도체의 함량은 3.37 mg/100 g으로 나타났다.

Seasonal Variation in the Nutritional Content of Mideodeok Styela clava

  • Nacional Loda M.;Lee Jong-Soo;Kang Seok-Joong;Choi Byeong-Dae
    • Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
    • /
    • 제9권2호
    • /
    • pp.49-56
    • /
    • 2006
  • We evaluated changes in the nutritional composition of Mideodeok Styela clava harvested during the months of January, March, and May 2005. Glutamic acid, aspartic acid, arginine, leucine, and lysine were the most dominant amino acids present. Ratios of essential amino acids to nonessential amino acids were comparable to those of many fish species, with values ranging from 0.55 to 0.61 and 0.66 to 0.67 for muscle of Mideodeok from Geoje and Tongyeong, respectively. Mideodeok seems to be a suitable source of important fatty acids as it contains high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Eicosapentanoic acid EPA; 20:5n-3 and docosahexanoic acid DHA; 22:6n-3 were the most dominant fatty acids, ranging from 20.0 to 22.3% and 16.5 to 17.9% in muscle, and 20.3 to 23.2% and 15.2 to 18.8% in tunic, respectively. The total mineral fraction of Mideodeok was 22.2-27.3% of dry matter. Sodium, calcium, magnesium, and potassium were the most dominant minerals in both muscle and tunic.

전조 뿌리의 유리 아미노산과 정유 성분 조성 (Composition of Free Amino Acids and Essential Oils in Root of Anthriscus sylvestylis)

  • 김상국;권태용;민기군;이승필;최부술;이상철
    • 한국작물학회지
    • /
    • 제41권5호
    • /
    • pp.521-525
    • /
    • 1996
  • 본 연구는 우리나라에 자생하는 전조의 근에 대한 조성분, 유리 아미노산, 향기성분 등의 분석을 통하여 향료작물로서의 가능성을 검토하고자 수행하였는 바 얻어진 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다 1. 전조 뿌리의 조성분가운데 조단백질은 7.69%, 조지방 1.74%, 조섬유 2.44%, 그리고 조회분은 3.76% 였으며 엑스 함량은 27.68%로 나타났다. 2. 유리 아미노산 조성 및 함량에서 종류는 총 16종이었으며 아미노산의 함량에 따른 순위는 phenylalanine>tyrosine>arginine>alanine>glutamic acid>aspartic acid>lysine>isoleucine>proline>glycine>histidine>thereonine>leucine>methionine>valine, serine이었고 유리 아미노산 함량 중 가장 높은 아미노산은 phenylalanlne으로 6.38 mg이었다. 3. 전조의 뿌리에 대한 향기성분은 $\alpha$-pinene, d-1imonene 등의 mono terpene류가 11종이었고 methyl eugenol 등의 phenyl propanoid류가 3종, 기타 8종으로 구성되어 있었으며 식물정유의 수율은 0.58%였다. 4. 종합적으로 볼 때, 한국산 전조에 대한 향료작물로서의 가능성이 있을 것으로 판단되어 금후 향기성분의 수율을 높이기 위한 재배법 연구의 일환으로 차광, 재배거리, 시비량 등의 시험이 필요한 것으로 판단되었다.

  • PDF