• 대한화학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.177-181
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• 1971

Free radicals of lysozyme produced by $Ti-H_2O_2$ system were studied in aqueous solution at room temperature using ESR with a continuous flow-mixing. The spectra, each consisting of a doublet with 5.5 G splitting and a broad resonance covering 80 G splitting are closely similar in shape to that for solid irradiated in vacuum at $77^{\circ}K$ and observed at room temperature immediately on warming. The result is assumed to indicate that the secondary protein radical components formed within 0.01 second, dead time of the mixing chamber, and initiated by hydrogen atom abstraction at ${\alpha}$-carbon atom of peptide chain in liquid solution at room temperature are identical to those resulting from the initial formation of a mixture of positive holes and negative ions by ionization processes as well as radical fragments by the rupture of chemical bonds in the solid during similar time at the same temperature. A broad resonance is observed with considerable amplitude on the high field side of the doublet, which is quite dissimilar to the spectra of irradiated solid lysozyme. This resonance was tentatively attributed to the polypeptide free radical in which unpaired electrons are localized on side chain.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.187-194
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• 1986

The purpose of this study is to develop a new method which enables the goat ESR to be used as an effective clinical test. Blood samples were taken from 61 Korean native goats aged above one year old and the effect of tube inclinations, tube bores, tube lengths, environmental temperatures during tests and packed erythrocyte volumes (PCV) on the ESR were observed. The results were summarized as follows. 1. The ESR/hr using capillary hematocrit tube (Micro-Ht-tube) was gradually increased as the tube angle inclined from 90 (vertical) to 15 degrees and the best angle in view of both security and fast sedimentation rate was found to be an angle of 45 degrees. 2. The 45-degree angled ESR ($45^{\circ}$-ESR) increased as the diameter of tube bore decreased. 3. The tube length did not affect the $45^{\circ}$-ESR in percent. 4. The $45^{\circ}$-ESR increased with the increased environmental temperature during the ESR test. 5. The heparinized Micro-Ht tubes did not affect the $45^{\circ}$-ESR of EDTA-blood in healthy group but in anemic group. In the anemic group, the ESRs by the heparinized Micro-Ht-tubes were slightly higher than those by non-heparinized Micro-Ht-tubes. 6. By using the autologous plasma, PCV of the blood was adjusted to be 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50ml/100ml and $45^{\circ}$-ESRs were determined in the Micro-Ht-tubes. The $45^{\circ}$-ESRs increased as the values of PCV decreased. The regression of the $45^{\circ}ESR$ to PCV was curvilinear with the second degree polynomial, $Y=42.1838-1.7355X+0.0180X^2$(r=0.9997). 7. The $45^{\circ}$-ESR/hr, using non-heparinized Micro-Ht-tubes at $20^{\circ}C$, was determined in 35 healthy Korean native goats. The average PCV was $30.6{\pm}1.4ml/100ml$. The observed ESR values averaged $6.8{\pm}1.7%$ and the corrected ESR values to the standard PCV of 31ml/100ml averaged $6.5{\pm}1.2%$. From these results, the angled capillary tube method was found to be desirable ESR test of goat blood in which EDTA-blood is filled in nonheparinized Micro-Ht-tubes held at an angle of 45 degrees for an hour at $20^{\circ}C$.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.25-30
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• 2016

목적: 가와사끼병에서 C-반응 단백질(CRP)과 적혈구 침강속도(ESR)의 불일치 및 정맥내 면역글로불린(IVIG) 치료 후의 변화를 보고자 하였다. 방법: 총 123명의 가와사끼병 환자의 의무기록를 후향적으로 분석하였다. 염증성 지표들을 IVIG 치료 전과 치료 후 48-72시간에 검사하였다. 불일치는 $CRP{\geq}10mg/dL$와 ESR <50 mm/hr, 또는 CRP <10 mg/dL와 $ESR{\geq}50mm/hr$로 정의하였고 전자를 1 군으로, 후자를 2군으로 구분하였다. 결과: 전체 123명 중 36명(29.2%)에서 불일치를 보였는데 1군은 25명(20.3%)이었고, 2군은 11명(8.9%)이었다. 1군에서 15명은 발열기간이 5일 미만(초기 발현자)이었고, 10명은 5일 이상(후기 발현자)이었다. 2군에서는 6명이 초기 발현자, 5명이 후기 발현자였다. ESR 값은 초기 발현자보다 후기 발현자에서 더 높았다($26.3{\pm}19.3mm/hr$ vs. $34.3{\pm}21.0mm/hr$, P=0.029). IVIG 치료 후에는 증가된 CRP를 포함한 여러 염증성 지표들은 정상으로 돌아왔으나 ESR은 오히려 $37.4{\pm}21.9mm/hr$에서 $48.0{\pm}22.7mm/hr$로 증가하였다(n=36, P=0.051). 결론: CRP와 ESR 값의 불일치는 발열기간과 연관이 있으리라 추정된다. 이 두 중요 염증성 지표가 불일치할 수 있으므로 급성 가와사끼병의 치료 전 질병의 염증 활성도를 평가하기 위해서는 이 두 지표를 동시에 검사하는 것이 필요하며, IVIG 치료 후의 ESR은 치료 반응의 지표로 적합하지 않다.

• 한국자기공명학회논문지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.53-58
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• 2020

Free radicals including reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important chemicals in the research area of biology, pharmaceutical, medical, and environmental science as well as human health risk assessment as they are highly involved in diverse metabolism and toxicity mechanisms through chemical reactions with various components of living bodies. Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy is a powerful tool for detecting and quantifying those radicals in biological environments. In this work we observed the ESR signal of 2,2,6,6-Tetra-methyl piperidine 1-oxyl (TEMPO) in aqueous solution at various concentrations to estimate the uncertainty factors arising from the experimental conditions and signal treatment methods. As the sample position highly influences the signal intensity, dual ESR tube geometry (consists of a detachable sample tube and a position fixed external tube) was adopted. This type of measurement geometry allowed to get the relative uncertainty of signal intensity lower than 1% when triple measurements are averaged. Linear dependence of signal intensity on the TEMPO concentration, which is required for the quantification of unknown sample, could be obtained over a concentration range of ~10³ by optimizing the signal treatment method depending on the concentration range.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.69-79
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• 2021

Objective: Poor ovarian response (POR) refers to a subnormal follicular response that leads to a decrease in the quality and quantity of the eggs retrieved after ovarian stimulation during assisted reproductive treatment (ART). The present study investigated the associations of multiple variants of the estrogen receptor 2 (ESR2) and follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) genes with POR in infertile Jordanian women undergoing ART. Methods: Four polymorphisms, namely ESR2 rs1256049, ESR2 rs4986938, FSHR rs6165, and FSHR rs6166, were investigated in 60 infertile Jordanian women undergoing ART (the case group) and 60 age-matched fertile women (the control group), with a mean age of 33.60±6.34 years. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected by restriction fragment length polymorphism and then validated using Sanger sequencing. Results: The p-value of the difference between the case and control groups regarding FSHR rs6166 was very close to 0.05 (p=0.054). However, no significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of the other three SNPs, namely ESR2 rs1256049, ESR2 rs4986938, and FSHR rs6165 (p=0.561, p=0.433, and p=0.696, respectively). Conclusion: The association between FSHR rs6166 and POR was not statistically meaningful in the present study, but the near-significant result of this experiment suggests that statistical significance might be found in a future study with a larger number of patients.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.131-135
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• 2009

시판 분말 라면수프(RS-1, RS-2)에 대하여 방사선 조사선원(감마선, 전자선, 0-20 kGy)에 따른 ESR 분석특성을 연구한 결과, 수프에 함유된 결정형 당이 방사선 에너지에 의해 free radical을 생성하는 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 방사선 처리되지 않은 2종의 라면수프에서는 $Mn^{2+}$ radical이 나타났으나, 조사시료의 ESR spectra는 RS-1에서 g = 2.011, 2.006, 2.002 및 1.999, RS-2에서 g = 2.010, 2.006, 2.002 및 1.999의 4개의 peak를 가진 multi-component signal이 각각 확인되어 조사여부의 판별이 가능하였다. 또한 감마선 및 전자선과 조사선량에 따른 ESR intensity를 비교한 결과, 동일 측정조건에서는 모든 선량에서 전자선 조사시료가 감마선 조사시료보다 높은 강도를 나타내었다. 라면수프의 방사선 조사선량과 ESR intensity 간의 R2는 0.9665 이상을 보이면서 각 signal의 intensity는 조사선량이 증가함에 따라 일정한 비율로 증가하였으며, g-value가 나타나는 자장영역은 일정하였다. 이들 중 강도가 큰 $g_2$(2.010-2.011)와 $g_3$(2.002)의 signal 증가는 조사선량과 높은 선형적 상관을 나타내었다($R^2$= 0.9750-0.9981).

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.287-291
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• 2016

For evaluating the boar semen quality, sperm motility (MOT) is an important parameter because the movement of spermatozoa indicates active metabolism, membrane integrity and fertilizing capacity. Estrogen receptors 2(ESR2) is involved in estrogen related apoptosis in cell cycle spermatogenesis, but their functions have not been confirmed in pig until now. Therefore, this study was conducted to analyze their association with sperm motility and kinematic characteristics. DNA samples from 105 Duroc pigs with records of semen motility and kinematic characteristics [Total motile spermatozoa (MOT), Curvilinear velocity(VCL), Straight-line velocity(VSL), the ratio between VSL and VCL(LIN), Amplitude of Lateral Head displacement(ALH)] were analyzed. A SNP in coding region of ESR2 g.35547A > G in exon 5 was associated with MOT (p < 0.05) in Duroc population. Therefore, we suggest that the porcine ESR2 gene may be used as a molecular marker for Duroc boar semen quality, although its functional effects were not defined yet. These results might shed new light on the roles of ESR2 in spermatogenesis as candidate gene for boar fertility, but still the lack of association across populations should be considered.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제55권4호
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• pp.603-611
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• 2011

Ethoxylacetyl oxime 리간드 [HL, (1) 및 $H_2L^1$, (3)]와 아세트산 구리(II) 일수화물을 반응시켜 팔면체 및 사각평면착물을 각각 얻었다. 이들 착물을 원소분석, IR 및 UV-Vis 스펙트럼, 자기수자율, 전기전도도 및 ESR 스펙트럼으로 조사하였다. DMF에서 이들 착물의 몰전기전도도 측정한 결과 비이온성을 보였다. 실온 및 77 K에서 [$(L)_2Cu(H_2O)_2$], (2) 착물의 ESR 스펙트럼은 배위결합성을 갖는 축대칭($d_{x2-y2}$)의 특성을 보이며, 또한 전형적인 쌍극자 상호작용에 의해 큰 띠나비를 갖는다. 그러나 착물 [$(L^1)Cu$], (4)는 고체상태에서 큰 띠넓임으로 인해 초미세 갈라짐이 관찰되지 않았는데, 이는 구리(II) 결합자리들 사이의 스핀-교환 상호작용에 의한 것으로 확인되었다. 실온에서 도포된 구리(II) 착물의 스펙트럼은 배위된 질소원자로 인해 극초미세 갈라짐을 보였다. 또한 이 물질은 공유 결합성을 갖는 축형태($d_{x2-y2}$)의 특성을 보이고, 구리(II) 이온의 환경은 기본적으로 사각-평면 배열을 갖는다. 77 K의 얼어있는 메탄올에서 [$(L_1)Cu$], (4)의 스펙트럼은 이합체 화합물의 삼중항 상태의 특성을 보이며, 두 구리(II) 이온 중심 사이의 거리를 계산한 결과 4.8 이다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2004년도 하계학술대회 논문집 Vol.5 No.1
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• pp.473-476
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• 2004

This study has investigated radiation degradation of low density polyethylene(LDPE). Samples were irradiated using a $Co^{60}\;\gamma-ray$ and ray up to 800 kGy at a dose rate of 5 kGy/hr in the presence of air atmosphere at room temperature. After irradiation, free radical measurement of LDPE has established by electron spin resonance(ESR). Then, each sample was stored for 2 weeks. ESR measurement showed that free radical concentration(FRC) was increased with radiation dose and changed from alkyl, allyl radical to peroxy radical with time.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.26-36
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• 2002

$MoO_3$와 H-SAPO-34의 고체상 반응은 상자기성의 Mo(V) 화학종을 띤다. 탈수하면 Mo(V) 화학 종이 약하게 나타나지만 계속적으로 활성화 시키면 ESR로 규명할 수 있는 $Mo(V)_{5c}$와 $Mo(V)_{6c}$와 같은 Mo(V) 화학종이 생성된다. ESR과 ESEM 자료들은 $(MoO_2)^+$나 $(MoO)^{3+}$ 같은 옥소-몰리브덴 화학 종을 보여준다. $(MoO_2)^+$ 화학 종이 다음과 같이 더 합리적인 것 같이 보여진다. H-SAPO-34는 낮은 골격전하를 갖기 때문에 높은 양전하를 갖는 $(MoO)^{3+}$는 쉽게 안정화 되지 못한다. 소성된 H-SAPO-34와 도데카몰리브덴 규산 용액 사이의 용액 상태 반응은 단지 $MoO^{2+}$ 화학 종만을 발생한다. 마름모형 ESR 신호는 $D_2O$, $CD_3OH$, $CH_3CH_2OD$와 $ND_3$를 흡착할 때 관측되었다. Mo(V) 화학 종의 배위구조와 위치는 트리 펄스 전자 스핀반향 자료로 측정하였다. MoH-SAPO-34에 메탄올, 에틸렌 암모니아와 물이 흡착될 때 3분자, 1분자, 1분자와 1분자가 $(MoO_2)^+$에 각각 직접 배위하였다.