• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
• /
• v.33 no.1
• /
• pp.37-46
• /
• 2017

Sinabung volcano in Indonesia was formed due to the subduction between the Eurasian and Indo-Australian plates along the Pacific Ring of Fire. After being dormant for about 400 years, Sinabung volcano erupted on the 29th of August, 2010 and most recently on the 1st of November, 2016. We measured the deformation of Sinabung volcano using Advanced Land Observing Satellite/Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar(ALOS/PALSAR) interferometric synthetic aperture radar(InSAR) images acquired from February 2007 to January 2011. Based on multi-temporal InSAR processing, we mapped the ground surface deformation before, during, and after the 2010 eruption with time-series InSAR technique. During the 3 years before the 2010 eruption, the volcano inflated at an average rate of ~1.7 cm/yr with a markedly higher rate of 6.6 cm/yr during the 6 months prior to the 2010 eruption. The inflation was constrained to the top of the volcano. From the 2010 eruption to January 2011,the volcano subsided by approximately 3 cm (~6 cm/yr). We interpreted that the inflation was due to magma accumulation in a shallow reservoir beneath Sinabung. The deflation was attributed to magma withdrawal from the shallow reservoir during the eruption as well as thermo-elastic compaction of erupted material. This result demonstrates once again the utility of InSAR for volcano monitoring.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
• /
• v.40 no.4
• /
• pp.314-320
• /
• 2013

With a prevalence rate of 0.01%, the presence of eruption disturbances of mandibular first molar has rarely been in populations. Eruption disturbances of permanent molars have been usually manifested as impaction, primary retention, and secondary retention. The treatments of eruption disturbances are carried out by: periodic observation; surgical exposure; forced eruption after surgical exposure; forced eruption with luxation; surgical repositioning; and extraction. This case report show successfully erupted mandibular first molars by various treatment methods on five patients diagnosed with impaction, primary retention, and secondary retention, respectively. Eruption disturbances of the mandibular first molar can be properly diagnosed with impaction, primary retention, and secondary retention by clinical and radiographic examination at normal eruption time of the mandibular first molar. The treatment should be done synthetically, considering eruption state of affected tooth, the relationship between the affected tooth and the adjacent or opposite tooth, the patient's age, treatment compliance, and economic state.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.242-248
• /
• 1994

Postherpetic neuralgia is frequently painful, incapacitating, mood depressing, and sometimes lifelong. We investigated the influence of duration from eruption to nerve blocks in conjunction with patients age on analgesic and preventive effect for postherpetic neuralgia. We retrospectively evaluated 50 outpatient medical records for the above T4 dermatome. Patients had been referred to pain clinic and were treated over 2weeks from Jan. 1988 to Dec. 1993. Fifty patients were divided into 4 groups as follows: Group I (a): less than 4weeks from eruption to nerve block and younger than 65 years old. Group I (b): less than 4weeks from eruption to nerve block and older than 65 years old. Group II (a): more than 4weeks from eruption to nerve block and younger than 65 years old. Group II(b): more than 4weeks from eruption to nerve block and older than 65 years old. Mean number of stellate ganglion blocks were 29.7. Tramadol, amitriptyline, nicardipine were most commonly prescribed. Group I (a): had the most improvement rate(77.8%) as compared with other group(46.6, 52.7, 56.0%). Number of patients who complained of severe pain (VAS > 5) were 0, 3(39%), 2(15.4%), 5(30%) in I (a), I (b), II (a), II (b) group respectively. In conclusion, analgesic effect was best in cases of patients younger than 65 years old whose treatment were started within 4 weeks of eruption. Patients older than 65 yrs, analgesic effect did not vary on the timing of treatment.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
• /
• v.55 no.5
• /
• pp.328-338
• /
• 2017

Introduction: The aim of the current study was to describe the prevalence and treatment of mandibular first molar eruption disturbances. Methods: A total of 38 mandibular first molars(M1mn) from 36 patients(17 males and 19 females; aged 9 years 2 months?35 years 10 months) were identified from the 13,391 patients that received orthodontic treatment from 1983?2012. The subjects were classified into 3 categories based on panoramic radiographic examination: impaction due to ectopic position of the tooth germ relative to the contra-side same tooth(Group 1), impaction due to obstruction of the eruption path with cyst or calcium mass (Group 2), and primary and secondary retention due to defects in the follicle or periodontal ligament(PDL; Group 3). The treatment outcomes were evaluated into four categories: no treatment(A), orthodontic traction(B), autotransplantation(C), and extraction due to orthodontic traction failure(D). Results: The prevalence rate of M1mn eruption disturbances in this sample was 0.27%. In Groups 1 and 2, most of the impacted M1mn were erupted successfully by orthodontic traction. In Group 3, most of the retained M1mn were failed to erupt and recommended for extraction. Conclusions: Treatment prognosis was favorable on Group 1 & 2 than Group 3. After removing an element of the cause in case of Group 1 & 2, orthodontic traction or periodic observation will be recommended.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.493-499
• /
• 2022

This paper reports the results of the eruption of a volcano on Jeju Island at a certain rate, and the tumulus formed after the eruption and the basalt that erupted from the middle of Mt. Halla washed up to the sea. We analyzed the speed when basalt underground magma breaks through the neutral zone on the ground with an absolute temperature of about 1000K and explodes at an absolute temperature of 1200K at an altitude of 1950m. The density of combustion gas becomes smaller than the surrounding air due to the plume volcanic eruption, which is the heat flow of the flame column due to buoyancy, and buoyancy is generated and an updraft is formed. Flame pillars are classified as continuous, intermittent, and buoyant flame zones. As the speed of the flame pillar of Mt. Halla (1950m) falls from the highest point it has risen, potential energy is converted into kinetic energy and is caused by the flow of fluid, solving these two equations equal, the volcanic eruption velocity is 87.5 m/s. At this time, the density of magma is inversely proportional to the temperature. Geomunoreum (456m) had an explosion speed of 42.6m/s.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
• /
• v.21 no.12 s.175
• /
• pp.1005-1010
• /
• 1983

To study the eruption process of the permanent tooth, esp., 1st molar, the author took 303 cases of oblique cephalogram (Male. 162 cases, Female: 141 cases) from age 3 to 8 yea old children, and observed the vertical change and axial change. The result were as follow: 1. The mesial end of upper 1st molar was closer to the occlusal plane than the distal, and they were erupting toward the occlusal plane by aging. In the case of lower 1st molar, the distal end was closer to the occlusal plane than the mesial and the occlusion showed the tendency to accord with the plane to be settled by aging. 2. Eruption rate of the upper and lower 1st permanent molar increased rapidly at 5 or 6 years of age. 3. Axial inclination of lower 1st permanent molar to the mandibular plane decreased gradually from 3 years of age, except for 6 years of age. There was some increase at 5 or 6 years of age.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
• /
• v.53 no.5
• /
• pp.553-564
• /
• 2020

Transition between explosive and effusive eruption in Ulleung Island is observed in the Nari Scoria Deposits and Albong Trachyandesite (lava dome) origined by dome-building eruption and may be related to factors such as magma influx, ascent rate and degassing. However, the interpretation of them has not been resolved yet because the interaction between these factors is not complex but also the resulting behaviour during eruption is unpredictable. This paper focuses on the explosive and effusive activity perceived during building the Albong lava dome in Nari caldera. Samples were collected along with time from the scoria deposits and lava dome, linked to eruption stage and style of activity. Textures of groundmass feldspar microlites from these samples are quantitatively analyzed, including measurements of areal number density, mean microlite size, crystal aspect ratio, groundmass crystallinity and crystal size. The microlite textures show that shallow pre- and syn-eruptive magmatic processes acted to govern the changing behaviour during the eruption. Transition between explosive and effusive eruption was driven by the dynamics of magma ascent in the conduit, with degassing and crystallisation acting via feedback mechanisms, resulting in a cycle of effusive and explosive eruption.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
• /
• v.38 no.1
• /
• pp.62-67
• /
• 2011

Early eruption refers to an accelerated eruption of a tooth beyond the normal eruption period. The clinical findings of an early erupted tooth with little formation of crown and/or root include severe mobility, pain on chewing, hypocalcification of the enamel, and inclination, displacement, and rotation of the tooth. The radiographic findings include underdeveloped root and insufficient bone support. Early eruption of a permanent tooth can cause several complications such as chronic trauma, pain, edema, an increased rate of premolar impaction and tooth displacement and/or rotation. Therefore, when a permanent tooth erupts earlier than its normal eruption period with accompanying symptoms, appropriate treatments should be done as soon as possible. A female patient of age 7 without any systemic disease was referred from a local dental clinic with chief complaint of severe mobilities and pain in both upper first premolars. According to the clinical and radiographic examinations, the permanent teeth erupted earlier with barely formed roots, severe mobilities, edema, and pain. This case is to report the successful accomplishment of root formations and stabilization of teeth after applying intraoral fixed appliances using bands and spurs for 14 months.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.373-384
• /
• 2003

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the eruption pattern of a cyst-associated mandibular premolar after marsupialization of a dentigerous cyst in children. The result from the twenty two pairs of normalized panoramic radiographs of twenty two patients who underwent neither extraction nor orthodontic traction of the cyst-associated mandibular after marsupialization were as follows. 1. The eruption speed of a cyst-associated premolar was 3.5 times faster than that of the normal contra-lateral premolar(p<0.05). The angulation change of test group was an average of $2.7^{\circ}$ per month. 2. In the change of the level of root formation, the group which had a little root maturity tended to be faster in the eruption speed(p>0.05) and the R1/4 group had a great change in the angulation change(p>0.05). 3. In the change to be with the cusp position index, the eruption speeds were increased to the 30% deviation groups. But, the eruption speed was decreased above that(p>0.05). 4. Group with cyst diminishment rate of more than $80mm^2$ per month showed the fastest eruption speed of all(p<0.05). 5. The mesial angulated teeth in the test group were decreased more rapidly than the distal angulated teeth in the eruption speed(p>0.05). But, increased in the angulation change(p<0.05). 6. There was a tendency of faster tooth eruption with less deviation of tooth axis. Group with tooth axis deviation of less than $15^{\circ}$ showed the fastest angulation change of all(p<0.05). 7. The eruption speed and the angulation change rapidly decreased during the first 6 months following marsupialization. Based on the results of this study, a cyst-associated mandibular premolar erupted more rapidly after marsupializaton. We thought so that it's prognosis was good if the tooth had a little root maturity, a little devitation and cyst lesion healed faster. We recommend that if there is enough space for eruption, orthodontic traction and surgical treatment of the cyst-associated tooth should be postponed 6 months after marsupialization.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.303-314
• /
• 1993

The purpose of this study was to find out the prevalence of dental anomalies in 600 normal persons (male:363, female:237) at age 14 to 39 years, through history taking, oral examination, and radiographic observations of subjects. The obtained results were as follows: 1. The prevalences of individual dental anomalies were as follows; Congenitally missing teeth 7%; supernumerary teeth 1.33%; ectopic eruption; 8.50%, transposition;0.33% rotation; 23.67%, microdontia;11.16%(peg lateralis;5.33%, third molar;5.83%), prolonged retention of deciduous teeth;1.33%, crowding 49.83%, and spacing;15.17%. 2. Alterations in numbers of teeth : The most frequently missing teeth were mandibular lateral incisors, followed by mandibular second premolars and maxillary second premolars. In numbers of congenitally missing teeth per person, 52.38% had one missing tooth and 30.95% had two missing teeth. In supernumerary teeth, there was higher rate in male than in female. Most supernumerary teeth were mesiodens of median area in maxilla and the eruption pattern of that teeth generally was unerupted state. 3. In transposition, exchange of position of teeth involved the canine and first premolar. 4. Congenital missing rate of permanent successors in prolonged retention of deciduous teeth was 69.23%. 5. Crowing and spacing had respectively higher rate in mandible and in maxilla.