• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.583-590
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• 2015

Automobile crash optimization is nonlinear dynamic response structural optimization that uses highly nonlinear crash analysis in the time domain. The equivalent static loads (ESLs) method has been proposed to solve such problems. The ESLs are the static load sets generating the same displacement field as that of nonlinear dynamic analysis. Linear static response structural optimization is employed with the ESLs as multiple loading conditions. Nonlinear dynamic analysis and linear static structural optimization are repeated until the convergence criteria are satisfied. Nonlinear dynamic crash analysis for frontal analysis may not have boundary conditions, but boundary conditions are required in linear static response optimization. This study proposes a method to use the inertia relief method to overcome the mismatch. An optimization problem is formulated for the design of an automobile frontal structure and solved by the proposed method.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제24권12호
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• pp.113-120
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• 2008

1차원 지반응답해석은 지반에 의한 지진동의 증폭현상을 모사하는 데 널리 사용되고 있다. 가장 널리 사용되고 있는 등가선형 지반응답해석기법은 유효변형률에 상응하는 전단탄성계수와 감쇠비를 전 주파수 영역에 일률적으로 적용하며, 진동주파수에 대한 지반 응답의 영향을 고려하지 않는다. 지반의 비선형 거동을 주파수영역에서 보다 정확하게 모사하기 위하여 진동주파수와 지반거동의 상관관계를 주파수-변형률 곡선으로써 모의하는 등가선형해석기법이 개발되었으며, 이 방법은 기존의 등가선형해석기법에 비하여 정확성을 향상시킨다고 알려져 있다. 이제까지 다양한 형상의 주파수변형률 곡선이 제안되었으며, 이들은 한결같이 해석의 정확성을 증가시킨다고 주장된 바 있다. 본 연구에서는 기존의 연구에서 제안되었건 두 개의 주파수-변형률 관계 완화곡선과 본 연구에서 새롭게 제안된 세 개의 곡선을 이용하여 주파수 의존성을 고려한 등가선형해석기법의 정확성을 검증하였다. 검증에는 세 개의 부지에서 기록된 6개의 지진파가 사용되었다. 해석결과, 완화곡선은 지반응답에 지배적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 주파수 의존성을 고려한 해석은 정확성을 향상시킬수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 하지만, 모든 사례에서 가장 정확하게 응답을 예측하는 완화곡선은 없는 것으로 나타났으며, 해석사례별로 최적의 완화곡선이 다른 것으로 나타났다. 따라서, FDEL 해석 수행 시, 다양한 완화곡선을 사용해야 할 것으로 판단되며 등가선형해석과 병행해서 수행되어야 한다고 판단된다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.751-766
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• 2004

This paper extends the use of the hierarchic degenerated shell element to geometric non-linear analysis of composite laminated skew plates by the p-version of the finite element method. For the geometric non-linear analysis, the total Lagrangian formulation is adopted with moderately large displacement and small strain being accounted for in the sense of von Karman hypothesis. The present model is based on equivalent-single layer laminate theory with the first order shear deformation including a shear correction factor of 5/6. The integrals of Legendre polynomials are used for shape functions with p-level varying from 1 to 10. A wide variety of linear and non-linear results obtained by the p-version finite element model are presented for the laminated skew plates as well as laminated square plates. A numerical analysis is made to illustrate the influence of the geometric non-linear effect on the transverse deflections and the stresses with respect to width/depth ratio (a/h), skew angle (${\beta}$), and stacking sequence of layers. The present results are in good agreement with the results in literatures.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2007년 가을학술발표회
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• pp.317-333
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• 2007

The Round-Robin Test (RRT) for ground response analysis was performed by Division of Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering of Korean Geotechnical Society. This research analyzed the influence of analysis methods on variation of ground response by using the results of this RRT. The analysis methods include equivalent linear analysis, non-linear analysis and effective stress analysis. A total of 5 teams among 12 teams applied two kinds of analysis methods. This research compared the results of these 5 teams and analyzed the variation of the results according to analysis methods. The compared results were shear stress-shear strain relation, transfer function, time history and the response spectrum of ground surface acceleration, peak ground acceleration, peak shear strain and maximum excess pore pressure ratio.

• 한국지진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지진공학회 2006년도 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.503-510
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• 2006

Seismic control performance of MR dampers, which have severe nonlinearity, differs with respect to the dynamic characteristics of an earthquake such as magnitude, frequency and duration. In this study, the effects of excitation characteristics on the equivalent linear system of a building structure with an MR damper are investigated through numerical analysis for artificial ground motions generated from different response spectrums. The equivalent damping ratio of the structure with an MR damper is calculated using Newmark and Hall's equations for ground motion amplification factors. It is found that the equivalent damping ratio of the structure with the MR damper is dependent on the ratio of the maximum friction force of the MR damper over excitation magnitude. Frequency contents of the earthquake ground motion affects the equivalent damping ratio of long-period structures considerably. Also, additional damping effect caused by interaction between the viscousity and friction of the MR damper is observed.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전기기기및에너지변환시스템부문B
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.138-144
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• 2000

The detent force caused by the interaction of magnets with the teeth of a armature core deteriorates the driving performance of a permanent magnet linear synchronous motor. In this paper, we analyze the fields and forces of a linear synchronous motor with segmented or skewed magnet arrangement according to lateral overhang length of permanent magnets. For the analysis, the 3-dimensional equivalent magnetic circuit network method is used. The detent force and the static thrust are analyzed according to the segmented or skewed angle and the overhang length of permanent magnets, and the optimal angles that the detent force is minimized are found out in each case. The analysis results are compared with the experimental ones and shown a reasonable agreement.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.1285-1289
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• 2012

RAP80 plays a key role in DNA damage responses by recognizing K63-linked polyubiquitin moieties through its two ubiquitin-interacting motif (UIM) domains. The linker between the two UIMs possesses a phosphorylation site, but the relationship between phosphorylation and polyubiquitin recognition remains elusive. We investigated the interaction between a phosphorylation-mimic RAP80 mutant S101E and linear polyubiquitins, structurally equivalent to the K63-linked ones, using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). ITC analysis revealed differential binding affinities for linear tetraubiquitin by otherwise equivalent UIMs in S101E. Mutational analysis supported such differential polyubiquitin recognition by S101E. Our results suggest a potential crosstalk between polyubiquitin recognition and phosphorylation in RAP80.

• 한국해양공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양공학회 2004년도 학술대회지
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• pp.408-413
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• 2004

High speed planning boats also have been required more and more the rational strength analysis and evaluation for the optimal structural design in respect of the structural lightness according to the high speed trend. Even though the suggestion of the simple type equation for the equivalent dynamic pressure is reasonable to design the scantling of ship structure conveniently, many research activities for more reasonable improvement of the simple design pressure, have been continued to suggest the more accurate equivalent static description of tire structural response such as the deflection and stress of hull structure. In this research, we focus on the aluminum bottom stiffened plate structure in which structural scantling is mainly depend on the local loads such as dynamic or impact pressure without other load effects and structural response for the simple dynamic equivalent pressure was investigated through the structural analysis. In order to investigate the structural response of the bottom stiffened plate structure subjected to the dynamic equivalent design pressure, linear and nonlinear structural analysis of the bottom stiffened plate structure of 4.3 ton aluminum planning boat was performed based on the equivalent static applied loads which were derived from the KR regulation and representative one among various dynamic equivalent pressure equations. From above analysis results, we found that the response such as deflection and stress of plate member was similar with the response results of one plate member model with fixed boundary, which was published previous paper and in case of KR design loading, all response of stiffened plate structure were within elastic limit. Through the nonlinear analysis, nearly elastic behavior including the slight geometrical nonlinear response was dominant but plastic local zone was appeared at $85\%$ limit load. Therefore, we can say that through tire linear and nonlinear analysis, this stiffened plate member has no structural strength problem based on the yield criteria in case within $60\%$ limit load except the other strength point of view such as the fatigue and buckling problem.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.262-265
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• 2007

Metallic sandwich plates constructed of two face sheets and low relative density cores have lightweight characteristics and various static and dynamic load bearing functions. To predict the formability and performance of these structured materials, a computationally efficient FE-analysis method incorporating virtual equivalent projected model has been newly introduced for analysis of metallic sandwich plates. Two dimensional models using the projected shapes of 3D structures have the same equivalent elastic-plastic properties with original geometries including anisotropic stiffness, yield strength and linear hardening function. The projected shapes and virtual properties of the virtual equivalent projected model have been estimated analytically with the same equivalent properties and face buckling strength of 3D pyramidal truss core.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2006년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.617-624
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• 2006

Site response analysis is widely used in estimating local seismic site effects. The soil behavior in the analysis is assumed to be Independent of the rate of the seismic loading laboratory results, however, indicate that cohesive soil behavior is greatly influenced by the rate of loading. A new equivalent linear analysis method is developed that accounts for the rate-dependence of soil behavior and used to perform a series of one dimensional site response analyses. Results indicate that while rate-dependent shear modulus has limited influence on computed site response, rate-dependent soil damping greatly filters out high frequency components of the ground motion and thus results in lower response.