• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.968-973
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• 2007

The systems such as the railway control system, satellite control system and nuclear power plant control system are the safety critical systems because the failure of them could lead to risk significant events. These softwares of digital systems must follow the life cycle process from the beginning of software development to guarantee their safety and reliability. The NRC(Nuclear Regulatory Commission) Reg Guide of nuclear fields, the RTCA/DO-178B standard which is used to acquire the certification for software in industrial aero field in European Union and United State, the DEF STAN 00-55 standard for the safety of electronic weapon in England, the IEC 601-1-4 for medical equipment and the IEC 62279 for railway system recommended the development life cycle. This paper introduces the development process and compares each other. Also it indicates applicable development criteria for the software of systems related to railway fields and describes the detailed procedure of development criteria. We describe the procedure to make the software development criteria in nuclear filed. For the software development related to railways, the process from plan phase to maintenance phase must be satisfied. The safety and reliability is guaranteed through these standards.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.1551-1559
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• 2007

Seoul Metro has been constructing the screen doors on the platforms to provide safe and comfort environments. The screen doors of each station are configured so that they can be operated in automatic mode in connection with ATC/ATO through the integrated control panel in the station control room and in manual mode through the control panel of the station control room and crew control panel. These systems have been implemented with different data communication protocols between systems, HMI configuration, and so on due to ordering processes, implementation time and diverse suppliers, and manufactured to be operated within single station. Seoul Metro has been planning to implement the integrated control system to secure seamless train operation and safety and to have a fast response system against emergency situations such as PSD failure and fire, by implementing the system that is able to collectively manage, monitor and control the operation status and equipment conditions of PSD on to the integrated control center. This paper has studied a scheme to reduce the budget for the future facility constructions by standardizing the data format for data communication with the integrated station control panel and using the open standard protocols, in order to secure consistency of operation, system expansion and maintenance with unified and standardized control items.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.385-407
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• 2002

The planning of any experiment or trial involving the use of animal (material) requires the most detailed and careful consideration of the wide variety of species and strains that are now available. Unfortunately, although many research workers carefully define their requirements with respect to chemicals or complicated laboratory equipment, often they appear to be unaware of the specifications that should be similarly applied to laboratory animals and end up simply asking for a white mouse！ The aim of any user of laboratory animals should be to achieve maximum accuracy with the minimum number of animals, and it is, therefore, essential that careful consideration should be given to the choice of the animal(Bleby J, 1987). The first step when selecting an experimental animal is to specify the type needed, taking into account the following factors: 1. species, 2. breed or strain, and 3. quality, especially with respect to health and genetical status. The correct choice of species cannot be emphasized too strongly and failure to do so can sometimes have dire consequences, frequently very expensive in financial terms and sometimes extremely tragic in manifestations of human and animal suffering. In this paper, we reorganized a lot of collected articles described previously for common and scientific names of amphibians, domestic animals, birds, invertebrates, mammals, reptiles, and aquaculture as mentioned in the text.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers P
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• v.66 no.1
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• pp.21-26
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• 2017

Failure of high-voltage transmission line, which is responsible for large-scale power transmission, can be reason for system voltage instability. There are many methods to prevent voltage instability like adjustment of equipment, the generator voltage setting, and load shedding. Among them, the load shedding, have a problem of economic loss and cascading effect to power system. Therefore, the execution of load shedding, amount and timing is very important. Conventionally, the load shedding setting is decided by the preformed simulation. Now, it is possible to monitor the power system in real time by the appearance of PMU(Phasor Measurement Unit). By this reason, some of research is performed about decentralized load shedding. The characteristics of the load can impact to amount and timing of decentralized load shedding. Especially, it is necessary to consider the influence of the induction motor loads. This paper review recent topic about under voltage load shedding and compare with decentralized load shedding scheme with conventional load shedding scheme. And simulations show the effectiveness of proposed method in resolving the delayed voltage recovery in the Korean Power System.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers P
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• v.67 no.2
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• pp.70-74
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• 2018

Social infrastructure such as production, transportation, gas, and electrical facilities would be degraded according to time and those facilities might need more maintenances, repairing, and management as time goes by. Especially, in the case of a power transformer, it is important to diagnose the transformer in order to avoid malfunction and failure because they could cause enormous damage. The economic as well as technical aspects of a transformer management must be considered while it is operated. Therefore, the concept of asset management should be applied as an advanced method of transformer management. Asset management refers to a series of processes to make a plan of maintenance and conservation of a power transformer considering the soundness, investment cost, and importance of equipment. It is important to apply the asset management considering calculation of a lifetime loss. In this paper, the lifetime loss calculation method of asset management for a power transformer is suggested.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.58-63
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• 2006

FIB equipment can perform sputtering and chemical vapor deposition simultaneously. It is very advantageously used to fabricate a micro structure part having 3D shape because the minimum beam size of ${\Phi}10nm$ and smaller is available. Since general FIB uses very short wavelength and extremely high energy, it can directly make a micro structure less than $1{\mu}m$. As a result, FIB has been probability in manufacturing high performance micro devices and high precision micro structures. Until now, FIB has been commonly used as a very powerful tool in the semiconductor industry. It is mainly used for mask repair, device correction, failure analysis, IC error correction, etc. In this paper FIB-Sputtering and FIB-CVD characteristic analysis were carried out according to $Ga^+$ ion beam current that is very important parameter for minimizing the pattern size and maximizing the yield. Also, for FIB-Sputtering burr caused by redeposition of the substrate characteristic analysis was carried out.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.489-498
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to identify reports of workplace violence, stress and turnover intention among perioperative nurses. Methods: The data were collected using questionnaire from 162 perioperative. Results: All of the nurses in the study reported incidents of violence within six months of the study. Doctors and specifically operating surgeons were cited as perpetrating workplace violence. The stated source of the violence was failure or shortage of surgical equipment or instrument and fall out of surgeon's preference. Subjects reported (87.7%) workplace abuse from nurses and most often from senior nurses. Nurse abuse was in the form of verbal abuse. Fatigue and stress stemming from heavy workload were cited as the source of the workplace violence. The subjects reported stress levels of 7.39 out of a possible ten points from workplace violence. A little more than thirty five percent of the subjects reported having intentions to leave because of workplace violence. These nurses reported higher level of stress and experienced more workplace violence from nurses and doctors as compared to those nurses who reported no turnover intention. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that a third of the employed nurses reported wanting to leave their positions due to workplace violence. Workplace violence is a serious problem for nurses whether it is from physicians or from other nurses.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2013.05a
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• pp.205-208
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• 2013

Number of disabled persons in Japan that have been registered in 2011 was about 2.5 million people, it is continuously increasing. Given the potential failure considering the aging, to increase more and more. This fault is open, and how to use the facilities, we examined Disabled Facilities DB how to build, how to take advantage. In the development of information technology, the use of technology to increase smartphone, fused evolves, disabled and was able to get the information easily. It is possible to take advantage of this amenities DB, to ensure convenient facilities for handicapped and provide equipment and position information of the user easily by using the audio position.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.593-596
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• 2006

Productivity is the most important factor directly link to success and failure of a work in construction industry. To evaluate this productivity, simulation technique is verified as a fine inspection tool through various experiment reports. On this project, we have proved the part of improvement on productivity using this simulation technique, applied to this field sites. We have used CYCLONE, which is the most appropriate simulation technique on this project. As a result of Simulation analysis, it has been confirmed that the productivity was enhanced due to the advancement of equipment, hence the reduction of air is being effected.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.323-330
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• 2018

The Korean e-Navigation system is a Korean approach to correspond with implementation of IMO e-Navigation. It provides five services, among them SV20 service, a ship remote monitoring system that collects and processes sensor information related to fire, navigation, and seakeeping performance safety. The system also detects abnormal conditions such as fires, capsizing, sinking, navigation equipment failure during navigation, and calculates the safety index and determines the emergency level. According to emergency level, it provides appropriate emergency response guidance for the onboard operator. The fire safety module is composed of three sub-modules; each module is the safety index sub-module, the emergency level determination sub-module and emergency response guidance sub-module. In this study, operational concept of the fire safety module in SV20 service is explained, and fire safety assessment factors are estimated, to calculate the fire safety index. Fire assessment factors included 'Fire detector position factor,' 'Smoke diffusion rate factor,' and 'Fire-fighting facilities factor.'