• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
• /
• 제41권4호
• /
• pp.342-356
• /
• 2016

Purpose: The drying of a thin layer of native cassava starch in a tray dryer was modeled to establish an equation for predicting the drying behavior under given conditions. Methods: Drying tests were performed using samples of native cassava starch over a temperature range of $40-60^{\circ}C$. We investigated the variation in the drying time, dynamic equilibrium moisture content, drying rate period, critical moisture content, and effective diffusivity of the starch with temperature. The starch diffusion coefficient and drying activation energy were determined. A modification of the model developed by Hii et al. was devised and tested alongside fourteen other models. Results: For starch with an initial moisture content of 82% (db), the drying time and dynamic equilibrium moisture content decreased as the temperature increased. The constant drying rate phase preceded the falling rate phase between $40-55^{\circ}C$. Drying at $60^{\circ}C$ occurred only in the falling rate phase. The critical moisture content was observed in the $40-55^{\circ}C$ range and increased with the temperature. The effective diffusivity of the starch increased as the drying temperature increased from 40 to $60^{\circ}C$. The modified Hii et al. model produced randomized residual plots, the highest $R^2$, and the lowest standard error of estimates. Conclusions: Drying time decreased linearly with an increase in the temperature, while the decrease in the moisture content was linear between $40-55^{\circ}C$. The constant drying rate phase occurred without any period of induction over a temperature range of $40-55^{\circ}C$ prior to the falling rate period, while drying at $60^{\circ}C$ took place only in the falling rate phase. The effective diffusivity had an Arrhenius relationship with the temperature. The modified Hii et al. model proved to be optimum for predicting the drying behavior of the starch in the tray dryer.

• 한국물환경학회지
• /
• 제24권3호
• /
• pp.311-316
• /
• 2008

This study aimed to obtain equilibrium concentration on adsorption removal of ammonia nitrogen by activated carbon, to express the adsorption characteristics following Freundlich isotherm and also, based on the value obtained, to investigate the relationship between physical characteristics of activated carbon and dynamics of ammonia nitrogen removal by obtaining rate constant and effective pore diffusivity. The results summarized from this study are as follows. It was noted that powdered activated carbon showed better adsorption ability than granular activated carbon. The value of constant (f) of Freundlich isotherm of powered activated carbon was $4.6{\times}10^{-8}$ which is bigger than that of granular activated carbon. The adsorption rate constant on ammonia nitrogen of powered activated carbon with high porosity and low effective diameter was highest as 0.416 hr-1 and the effective pore diffusivity ($D_e$) was lowest as $1.17{\times}10^{-6}cm^2/hr$, and the value of ammonia nitrogen adsorption rate constant of granular activated carbon was $0.149{\sim}0.195hr^{-1}$. It was revealed that, with the same amount of dosage, the adsorptive power of activated carbon with lower effective diameter and bigger porosity was better and its rate constant was also high. With a little adsorbent dosage of 2 g, there was no difference removal ability of ammonia nitrogen as change of adsorption properties.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.79-86
• /
• 1979

빛이 어류의 행동에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 잉어, Cyprinus carpio에 광척극을 가한 실험을 낮과 밤에 각각 실시한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 잉어의 분포율은 본 실험에 사용한 제한된 수조내에서 U자형과 거의 같은 구간분포경향을 보였다. 2. 빛의 세기가 어떤 적정치보다 더 강하거나 약할 때 어류가 광원으로부터 멀리 떨어진 곳에 모였기 때문에 잉어의 적정수중조도가 발견되었다. 3. 수중조도에 대한 집어율곡선의 최대치로부터 잉어의 집어율이 낮과 밤에 차이가 있었다. 4. 잉어의 집어율이 최대인 평균수중조도는 낮에 $3.813lux(2.99\~4.761\;lux)$였고, 밤에는 $6.292lux(5.0\~7.89\;lux)$였다. 5. 잉어의 집어율은 반사집어율과 평형집어율의 두가지 형태로 나타났다. 6. 반사집어율은 광원을 점등한 직후에 나타났으며, 시간에 따라 변화를 보였고, 평형집어율은 거의 균일하였다.

• 대한화학회지
• /
• 제27권1호
• /
• pp.9-17
• /
• 1983

듀렌과 요오드 사이의 전하이동착물의 안정도에 미치는 압력과 온도의 영향을 n-헥산용액에서 자외선 분광 광도법으로 연구하였다. 압력은 1에서 1600bar, 온도는 25, 40, $60^{\circ}C$ 사이에서 측정하였다. 착물의 평형상수는 압력 및 온도의 증가와 더불어 증가 및 감소하고 흡수계수는 대체로 증가함을 알았다. 이들 각 평형상수로부터 착물형성에 따른 부피, 엔탈피, 자유에너지 및 엔트로피 변화량을 구하였다. 또한 압력의 증가에 의한 red-shift, 온도의 증가에 의한 blue-shift 현상 및 압력변화에 의한 진동차 세기의 관계를 열역학적 함수와 관계지워 설명하였다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국지반공학회 2010년도 춘계 학술발표회
• /
• pp.1006-1011
• /
• 2010

This study was focused on the reactivity of furnace slag against cadmium to design the vertical drain method with reactive column for improving contaminated sea shore sediment. The removal capacity of furnace slag was analyzed using pseudo-second-order model. And the effective parameters of removal test were initial concentration and initial pH. According to equilibrium removal amount and reactive constant calculated by pseudo-second-order model, the removal capacity was analyzed. Equilibrium removal amount of furnace slag was linearly increased as increasing intial cadmium concentration. Because the pH was around 11, the removal mechanism of furnace slag could be both sorption and precipitation. Therefore the removal amount was increased due to initial concentration. pH was increased to around 11 in the case of "No treat", but the pH were 3.8 in the case of "HAc added" and 0.7 in the case of "HCl added". The removal amount was different 4.8, 1.19 and 0.27 mg/g. This results show the pH was major factor to remove cadmium using furnace slag.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국소음진동공학회 2006년도 춘계학술대회논문집
• /
• pp.1053-1060
• /
• 2006

This paper consider an initially deformed state caused by the pressurized fluid flowing through the pipe at a constant velocity. When the initial forte is neglected in curved pipes, the natural frequencies are reduced as flow velocity increases. However, when the initial tension took into account, the natural frequencies are not changed with the change of the flow velocity. As the internal pipe pressure is increased the natural frequencies are also slightly increased. In free vibrational simulation of piping systems in petrochemical plants, it is necessary to calculate the initial state force due to the velocity and the pressure of the fluid flow from the equilibrium first, then the force should be included in the equation of motion of the systems to get more accurate natural frequencies. In this study, calculate the mass matrix and stiffness matrix of piping system by MATLAB

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국지반공학회 2009년도 춘계 학술발표회
• /
• pp.434-443
• /
• 2009

Slope stability analysis is an essential part of rock slope design. For highly fractured rock, the limit equilibrium method (LEM) based slope stability analysis with a circular failure surface is often carried out assuming the rock mass behaves more or less as a continuum. This paper examines first, the applicability of the finite-element method (FEM) based shear strength reduction (SSR) technique for highly fractured rock slope, and second the use of Mohr-Coulomb (MC) failure criterion in conjunction with generalized Hoek-Brown (HB) failure criterion. The numerical results on a number of cases are compared in terms of the factor of safety (FS). The results indicated that the FEM-based SSR technique yields almost the same FSs from LEM, and that the MC and HB failure criteria yield almost identical FSs when the strength parameters for MC failure criterion are obtained based on the modified HB failure criterion if and only if value of the Hoek-Brown constant $m_i$ is smaller than 10 and slope angle is smaller than 1:1, otherwise MC failure criteria over-estimate the factor of safety.

• 대한화학회지
• /
• 제24권6호
• /
• pp.405-412
• /
• 1980

메시틸렌과 요오드 사이의 전하이동착물의 안정도에 미치는 압력과 온도의 영향을 n-헥산용액에서 자외선 분광광도법으로 연구하였다. 압력은 1에서 1600 bar, 온도는 25,40,$60^{\circ}C$ 사이에서 측정하였다. 착물의 평형상수는 압력 및 온도의 증가와 더불어 증가 및 감소하고 흡수계수는 대체로 증가함을 알았다. 이들 각 평형상수로부터 착물형성에 따른 부피, 엔탈피, 자유에너지 및 엔트로피 변화양을 구하였다. 또한 압력의 증가에 의한 red-shift, 온도의 증가에 의한 blue-shift 현상 및 압력변화에 의한 진동자 세기의 관계를 열역학적 함수와 관계지워 설명하였다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제29권3호
• /
• pp.555-561
• /
• 2008

In air stripping of ammonia from the aqueous solution, a new removal model was presented considering the equilibrium principles for the ammonia in aqueous solution and between the aqueous and air phase. The effects of pH, temperature and airflow rate on the ammonia removal were evaluated with the model. In addition, the saturation degree of ammonia in air was defined and used to evaluate the effect of each experimental factor on the removal rate. As pH (8.9 to 11.9) or temperature (20 to 50 oC) was increased, the overall removal rate constants in all cases were appeared to be increased. Our presented model shows that the degrees of saturation were about the same (0.45) in all cases when the airflow condition remains the same. This result indicates that the effect of pH and temperature were directly taken into consideration in the model equation. As the airflow increases, the overall removal rate constants were increased in all cases as expected. However, the saturation degree was exponentially decreased with increasing the airflow rate in the air phase (or above-surface) aeration. In the subsurface aeration the saturation degree remains a constant value of 0.65 even though the airflow rate was increased. These results indicate that the degree of saturation is affected mainly by the turbulence of the aqueous solution and remains the same above a certain airflow rate.

• 대한화학회지
• /
• 제27권2호
• /
• pp.102-110
• /
• 1983

벤젠과 요오드 사이의 전하이동착물의 안정도에 미치는 압력과 온도의 영향을 n-헥산 용매내에서 자외선 분광 광도법으로 연구하였다. 압력은 1에서 1600 bar, 온도는 25, 40, $60^{\circ}C$에서 측정하였다. 착물 형성에 대한 평형상수는 압력이 증가함에 따라 증가하고, 온도가 상승함에 따라 감소하였으며 착물의 흡수계수는 압력 및 온도와 함께 같이 증가함을 알았다. 이들 각 평형상수로 부터 착물 형성에 따른 부피, 엔탈피, 자유에너지 및 엔트로피 변화양을 구하였다. 또한 압력의 증가에 의한 red-shift, 온도의 상승에 의한 blue-shift 현상 및 압력 변화에 의한 진동자 세기의 관계를 열역학 함수와 관계지워 설명하였다.