• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.13-20
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• 2012

In this study, 5-story structures were designed in accordance with KBC2009 for inelastic time history analysis of RC IMRF. Bending moment-curvature relationship for beam and column was identified with fiber model and bending moment-rotation relationship for beam-column joint was calculated with simple and unified joint shear behavior model and moment equilibrium relationship for the joint. The hysteretic behavior was simulated with three-parameter model suggested in IDARC program. The analytical results showed that the inelastic shear behavior of the joint could be neglected in the structural design for seismic design category C but the structure of category D did not satisfy the criteria of FEMA 356 for collapse prevention performance level.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 2003년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.251-258
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• 2003

The early -age behavior of base restrained reinforced concrete (RC) walls is analyzed using a three-dimensional finite element method in this study. After calculating the temperature and internal relative humidity variations of an RC wall, determination of stresses due to thermal gradients, differential drying shrinkage, and average drying shrinkage is followed, and the relative contribution of these three stress components to the total stress is compared. The mechanical properties of early-age concrete, determined from many experimental studies, are taken into consideration, and a discrete reinforcing steel derived using the equivalent nodal force concept is also used to simulate the cracking behavior of RC walls. In advance, to Predict the crack spacing and maximum crack width in a base restrained RC wall, an analytical model which can simulate the post-cracking behavior of an RC tension member is introduced on the basis of the energy equilibrium before and after cracking of concrete.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제56권6호
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• pp.983-1001
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• 2015

This study focuses on the load carrying capacity and the force transfer mechanism of multi-hole perfobond shear connectors in steel-concrete composite structure. The behavior of multi-hole perfobond shear connector is more complicated than single-hole connector cases. 2 groups push-out tests were conducted. Based on the test results, behavior of the connection was analyzed and the failure mechanism was identified. Simplified iterative method and analytic solution were proposed based on force equilibrium for analyzing multi-hole perfobond shear connector performance. Finally, the sensitivity of design parameters of multi-hole perfobond shear connector was investigated. The results of this research showed that shear force distribution curve of multi-hole perfobond shear connector is near catenary. Shear forces distribution were determined by stiffness ratio of steel to concrete member, stiffness ratio of shear connector to steel member, and number of row. Efficiency coefficient was proposed to should be taking into account in different limit state.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.9-13
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• 2018

화학반응의 평형상수는 표준자유에너지변화와 관련된다. 평형상수는 반응물과 생성물의 활동도의 비이며 수용액에서 이온강도의 증가로 인한 용질의 비이상성을 고려할 필요가 있다. 묽은 전해질용액에서 이온의 활동도계수를 구할 수 있는 식인 Debye-$H{\ddot{u}}ckel$ 식의 유도과정과 확장식을 설명하였다. 전해질의 평균활동도계수의 실험값로부터 이온의 활동도계수를 구하는 방법을 설명하였다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제60권1호
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• pp.111-130
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• 2016

Two new elements with six degrees of freedom are proposed by applying the equilibrium conditions and strain-displacement equations. The first element is formulated for the infinite ratio of beam radius to thickness. In the second one, theory of the thick beam is used. Advantage of these elements is that by utilizing only one element, the exact solution will be obtained. Due to incorporating equilibrium conditions in the presented formulations, both proposed elements gave the precise internal forces. By solving some numerical tests, the high performance of the recommended formulations and also, interaction effects of the bending and axial forces will be demonstrated. While the second element has less error than the first one in thick regimes, the first element can be used for all regimes due to simplicity and good convergence. Based on static responses, it can be deduced that the first element is efficient for all the range of structural characteristics. The free vibration analysis will be performed using the first element. The results of static and dynamic tests show no deficiency, such as, shear and membrane locking and excessive stiff structural behavior.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.440-448
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• 2015

In this paper, we study the problem of selfish behavior of secondary users (SUs) based on cognitive radio (CR) with the presence of primary users (PUs). SUs are assumed to contend on a channel using the carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) and PUs do not consider transmission of SUs, where CSMA/CA protocols rely on the random deference of packets. SUs are vulnerable to selfish attacks by which selfish users could pick short random deference to obtain a larger share of the available bandwidth at the expense of other SUs. In this paper, game theory is used to study the systematic cheating of SUs in the presence of PUs in multichannel CR networks. We study two cases: A single cheater and multiple cheaters acting without any restraint. We identify the Pareto-optimal point of operation of a network with multiple cheaters and also derive the Nash equilibrium of the network. We use cooperative game theory to drive the Pareto optimality of selfish SUs without interfering with the activity of PUs. We show the influence of the activity of PUs in the equilibrium of the whole network.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.661-672
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• 2001

본 연구는 Arc-length method를 이용한 복합재료 공간 구조물의 대변형 거동의 관찰에 관한 것이다. 비선형 평형경로의 각각의 하중단계에서 자동적으로 Arc-length 크기를 변화시켜 하중-변위 관계곡선을 추적할 수 있도록 하였다. 복합재료 공간 트러스의 점탄성 해석은 quasi-elastic 방법을 사용해 탄성해를 구하였다. Micro Mechanical Materials Modeling 방법을 사용하여 탄성계수를 결정하였고 하중조합에 따른 비선형 하중-변위 곡선을 추적하였다. 본 연구의 효과를 검증하기 위하여 그물형 공간 트러스를 다른 방법의 결과들과 비교하였다.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제18권
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• pp.405-415
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• 1998

This thesis is an experimental and numerical research on bearing capacity acting retaining walls close to rigid slopes with stiff angles. Experiments were performed with changing the roughness of adjacent slope to the wall, its inclination, distance between wall and slope. Vertical stress and applied surcharge loads were measured by miniature earth cells and a load cel respectively. Stress distribution Vertical Settlement of surcharge load of rigid model footing were measured by LVDTs. Bearing capacities of surcharge loads were compared with theoretical estimations by using several different methods of limit equilibrium and numerical analysis. For limit equilibrium methods, the modified silo and the wedge theories, proposed by Chung sung gyo and Chung in gyo (1994) were used to analyze test results Based on those modified theories, the particular solution with the boundary condition of surcharge loads on the surface of backfill was obtained to find the stress distributions acting in the backfill and to compare with test results. From results of surcharge test with model wall being very close to the slope, analyzed results by the modified silo theory and to be in the better agreements than other methods.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.133-142
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• 1982

The Consumer Education is one of the rapidly raised problems in the process of recent Economic Growth. As the Society and its economy changes into Oligopoly, the nature and the scope of the Consumer Education also changes. However, We don't have an institutional, systematic education of consumers. Even the basic concepts of Consumer Education has not yet been established, because it is in an infant state. Thus, the aim of this paper is to establish the fundermental concepts of Consumer Education and to help settlement of the direction of Consumer Education. The conclusions are as following: First, Consumers as the objects of Consumer Education are limited to the Ultimate-Consumer; and they can divided into three groups-Individual Consumer, Consumer-Group, the Consuming Masses. Now were have to deal with not only the concept of Ultimate Consumer which limited to the Consumer, but deal with the realistic problems involving Citizens and Livers. Second, Consumer Education is systematic educational activity in order that Consumers can assume an subjective behavior for the purpose of improvement and support of their own rights in society. Third, Consumer Education which enforced Consumers' Cooperative Society and Goods Test is the movements of systematic resistance of consumers. The former aims at Economic Equilibrium, while the latter Informative Equilibrium. so, the two movements should channel the direction of Consumer Education in order to realize the Equilibrium.

• 공학논문집
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.85-98
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• 2004

The adsorption equilibrium data for the binary gas mixture system from the pure gas adsorption data of carbon dioxide and ethylene on ZSM-5 prepared were predicted. The binary gas mixture adsorption data have been examined against predicted values by two models-the vacancy solution model(VSM) and the statistical thermodynamic model(STM), using parameters obtained from the single component isotherm. The binary gas mixture data for the carbon dioxide-ethylene system were obtained for cation exchanged forms of ZSM-5 for the gas phase carbon dioxide mole fraction of 0.752 at $37^{\circ}C$ and 1 atm. The experimental adsorption phase diagrams were obtained for carbon dioxide-ethylene on sodium form ZSM-5 synthesized. The single component adsorption isotherms for carbon dioxide and ethylene were also obtained for this zeolite. The single component data were used to obtain parameters derived in two models. These parameters were, in turn, used to predict the binary mixture isotherms for this zeolite. Both the vacancy solution and the statistical thermodynamic models give satisfactory predictions of adsorption phase diagrams for the binary gas mixtures of carbon dioxide and ethylene on sodium exchanged ZSM-5. Also the correlation between the experimental data and the predicted values is generally in good agreement. The system appears to show ideal behavior with a relatively constant separation factor. The slight increase in adsorption capacity with an increase in ionic radius is due, in part, to the higher polarizability associated with larger cations.