• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제74권5호
• /
• pp.635-655
• /
• 2020

The sag effect of long stay cables is one of the key factors restricting further increase in the span of cable-stayed bridges. Based on the formerly proposed concept of long stay cables lifted by an auxiliary suspension cable in cross-strait cable-stayed bridges, corresponding static approximate calculations and analytical theory based on catenary and parabolic cable configurations are established. Taking a main span 1400 m cable-stayed bridge as the research object, three typical lifting conditions and the whole process of auxiliary cable lifting are analyzed and discussed. The results show that the sag effect is effectively reduced. The support efficiency is only improved when the cables are lifted above the original cable chord. Reduction of the horizontal component force of the cable is limited. The equivalent elastic modulus and the vertical support stiffness of the lifted cables are significantly increased with increased horizontal projection length and not sensitive to the change of the lifting point position. The scheme of lifting the cable to the chord midpoint is more economical because of the less steel required for the auxiliary suspension cable, but its effect on improving the vertical support efficiency is limited. The support efficiency is better when the cable is lifted to the cable end tangential to the original cable chord, but the lifting force and the cross-sectional area of the auxiliary suspension cable are doubled. The approximate calculation results of the lifted cables are very close to the numerical analysis results, which verifies the applicability of the approximation method proposed in this study. The results of parabolic approximation calculations are approximately equal to that of catenary cable geometry. As the parabolic approximation analysis theory of lifted cables is more convenient in mathematical processing, it is feasible to use parabolic approximation analysis theory as the analytical method for the conceptual design of lifted cables of super-long span cable-stayed bridges.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제17권3호
• /
• pp.1265-1267
• /
• 2016

Egg white intake during chemotherapy is common advice for cancer patients for the prevention of leukopenia. However, the benefit is uncertain. We conducted this prospective study to identify the relationship of egg white intake for gynecologic cancer patients who received carboplatin and paclitaxel and the occurrence of leukopenia. Between January 2014 and January, 2015, 81 patients were interviewed regarding their intake of egg whites before receiving subsequent chemotherapy. The basic data, the details of egg white intake and the grade of leukopenia in the previous cycle were recorded. The mean age was 54.1 years and 80% of the patients had a diagnosis of ovarian or endometrial cancer. The patients were interviewed at cycles 1-3 in 45 cases, 4-6 in 45 cases and 7-9 in two cases. Subsequent dose reduction was found in 6.2% and granulocyte-stimulating growth factors was given at 4.9%. All the patients ate egg whites with variations in the number of eggs per day as follows: less than one (3), one to two (56), three to four (14) and five to six (8). Over 70% were recommended by nurses to eat egg whites and about 63% of patients received other supplemental food. Some 44.1% of the patients who ate less than or equal to two eggs per day and 36.4% who ate more than two eggs per day developed grade 2-4 leukopenia, P = 0.61. In conclusion, the data did not provide evidence in support of the conclusion that a greater egg white intake could significantly reduce the occurrence of leukopenia.

• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제32권1호
• /
• pp.48-54
• /
• 1987

수도 기계이앙 재배에 있어 관행 시비법과 추비시기 및 비율를 달리하여 적정 분시방법을 밟히고자 '85년 호남작물시험장(이리)에서 동률벼를 공시하여 시험을 실행한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 엽신질소함량은 기비중점시비(T$_1$, T$_2$)에서는 최고분얼기에 수비중점 (T$_4$, T$_{5}$) 및 5회분시(T$_{7}$)에서는 감수분열기에서 높았다. 2. 출수이후의 CGR, RGR, NAR은 5회분시구(T$_{7}$)가 가장 컸다. 3. 각 생육시기별 CGR과 NAR, NAR과 RGR, CGR과 RGR 간에는 유의적인 정의 상관이 있었으며 생육시기가 진전됨에 따라 상관계수가 커지는 경향이었다. 4. 수량에 대한 각 생육시기별 CGR의 상여도는 출수후의 CGR이 가장 컸다. 5. 수량은 기비중점(T$_1$, T$_2$) 보다 수비중점(T$_4$)및 기비 30%후 4회 분시구(T$_{7}$)에서 높았다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• 제12권3호
• /
• pp.1098-1112
• /
• 2018

Achievable sum rate and energy efficiency (EE) are investigated for the massive multiple-input multiple-output (Massive MIMO) downlink with channel aging in the time varying Ricean fading channel. Specifically, the expression of the achievable sum rate of the system for the maximum ratio transmission (MRT) precoder with aged channel state information (CSI) in the time varying Ricean fading channel is first presented. Based on the expression, the effect of both channel aging and the Ricean factor on the power scaling law are studied. It is found that the transmit power of base station (BS) is scaled down by $1/{\sqrt{M}}$(where M is the number of the BS antennas) when the Ricean factor K is equal to zero (i.e., time varying Rayleigh fading channel), indicating that aged CSI does not affect the power scaling law. However, the transmit power of the BS is scaled down by 1/M for the time varying Ricean fading channel (where $K{\neq}0$) indicating that the Ricean factor affects the power scaling law and sum rate, and channel aging only leads to a reduction of the sum rate. Second, the EE of the system is analyzed based on the general power consumption model. Both the theoretical analysis and the simulations show that the channel aging could degrade the sum rate and the EE of the system, and it does not affect the power scaling law.

• 한국환경보건학회지
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.1-12
• /
• 1988

Airborne dust and asbestos fiber concentrations were determined in subway stations located in Seoul area. Two stations, such as Eulchiro 4-Ka Station of Line #2, constructed during a period of 1980-1984 and Hyehwa Station of Line #4, opened in 1985, were selected. The results of the study are as follows. 1. Daily time-weighted average (TWA) concentrations of airborne dusts from 07:00 to 20:00 hours in Line #2 and Line #4 were 0.43$\pm$0.08 mg/m$^3$ and 0.37$\pm$0.12 mg/m$^3$, respectively. Thus, the dust levels in Line #2 were significantly higher than the levels in Line #4 (p < 0.05). 2. Dust levels in the morning (07:00-11:00 hours), noon (11:00-16:00 hours) and in the evening (16:00-20:00 hours) in Line #2 were 0.47$\pm$0.17 mg/m$^3$, 0.37$\pm$0.08 mg/m$^3$, and 0.46$\pm$0.07 mg/m$^3$ respectively. Thus, dust levels in the morning and evening (i.e., during rush hours) were significantly higher than levels in the noon (p < 0.02). However, there was no such difference in dust levels by time in Line #4. 3. Airborne total dust concentrations were well below the occupational health standard of 10 mg/m$^3$, however, the levels were exceeding the ambient air standard recommended by the Korean Environment Administration. 4. All of airborne asbestos fiber concentrations were equal to or below 0.005 fibers/cc. The levels are within both occupational health standards and U.S. EPA criteria. 5. A consideration should be given to the improvements of cleaning methods (such as use of vacuum cleaning instead of brushing) and the existing ventilation (such as more air change and filtration of supply air) for a reduction of dust levels. 6. It is recommended that routine monitoring of airborne dusts and asbestos fibers be conducted because more dusts and asbestos fibers can be produced in the air due to the deterioration of facilities by age and water damage in future.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제15권8호
• /
• pp.3645-3649
• /
• 2014

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of third-line combined androgen blockade (CAB) therapy for castration-resistant prostate cancer that relapsed after primary and second-line CAB. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 52 patients who received first-, second-, and third-line CAB therapy (medical or surgical castration, plus steroidal antiandrogen of chlormadinone acetate, or nonsteroidal antiandrogen of flutamide or bicalutamide). For cumulative analysis, we searched the PubMed database and identified a total of 50 cases published in English. Including our cases, this provided a total of 102 cases for analysis. In our study cohort, 11 cases (21.2%) achieved more than 50% reduction of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) on initiation of third-line CAB. We found that third-line CAB with nonsteroidal antiandrogen after second-line CAB with steroidal antiandrogen exhibited favorable results, with a positive response in six of 13 patients (46.2%). Cumulative analysis findings were comparable. Regarding the timing of third-line CAB administration, 15 patients had started at a PSA equal to or less than 4.0 ng/ml, and eight of them (53.3%) showed a positive response to treatment, compared to only three of 37 patients (8.1%) whose PSA at the initiation of third-line therapy was higher than 4.0 ng/ml (p<0.001). We conclude that third-line CAB with nonsteroidal antiandrogen would be particularly useful for patients whose cancer progressed after second-line CAB with steroidal antiandrogen. The timing of treatment seems to be important because the higher the PSA at the start of third-line therapy, the lower the PSA response rate.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제15권5호
• /
• pp.671-674
• /
• 2002

This study investigated the use of multinutrient blocks (MNB) composed of 35% date syrup, 35% date syrup byproducts, 10% date fronds, 7% urea, 7% cement and 6% common salt for growing small ruminants, as partial substitute for the roughage component of the diet (Rhodes grass hay) and its effect on feedlot performance and economics of feeding. Eight growing local Omani goats and 8 sheep (each about one year old) were used in this study. Mean body weights for goats and sheep (kg), respectively were $21.1{\pm}4.5$ and $25.5{\pm}4.1$. The goats and sheep were subdivided into two sub-groups of more or less equal body weights for each species. Each sub-group in both species was either fed on 0.5 kg concentrate+ad libitum Rhodes grass hay or the same diet+restricted hay (about 0.2 kg/head/day) and ad libitum amount of MNB. Sheep significantly (p<0.05) consumed greater amounts of MNB ($36{\pm}17$g/head/day) than goats ($6{\pm}2.5$ g/head/day). Feeding of the MNB was effective in sparing about 40% of the roughage Rhodes grass hay for goats (from 240 to 140 g) and about 42% for sheep (from 252 to 146 g) or approximately 100 g/head/day for both goats and sheep. This reduction (or sparing) in the consumption of Rhodes grass hay was coupled by an improvement in daily liveweight gain (g/head/day) in both goats (from 29 to 46 by 58.6%) and sheep (from 26 to 39 by 50%) and also by an improvement in the feed conversion efficiency (g feed/g gain) of both goats (from 25 to 13.8 by 45%) and sheep (from 28.7 to 17.2 by 40%). Cost of daily consumed feeds as well as cost/kg gain (or cost of meat) were both reduced due to feeding of MNB. They were both respectively reduced by 7.5% (from 53 Baisa/day to 49) and 38% (from 1,828 Baisa/kg to 1,140). It was economically viable to feed MNBs containing date by-products and urea to small ruminants in the Sultanate of Oman.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.20-26
• /
• 2014

Obesity is an epidemic disease characterized by an increased inflammatory state and chronic oxidative stress with high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and lipid peroxidation. Moreover, obesity alters cholesterol metabolism with increases in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterols and triglycerides and decreases in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterols. It has been shown that mulberry leaf and fruit ameliorated hyperglycemic and hyperlipidemic conditions in obese and diabetic subjects. We hypothesized that supplementation with mulberry leaf combined with mulberry fruit (MLFE) ameliorate cholesterol transfer proteins accompanied by reduction of oxidative stress in the high fat diet induced obesity. Mice were fed control diet (CON) or high fat diet (HF) for 9 weeks. After obesity was induced, the mice were administered either the HF or the HF with combination of equal amount of mulberry leaf and fruit extract (MLFE) at 500mg/kg/day by gavage for 12 weeks. MLFE treatment ameliorated HF induced oxidative stress demonstrated by 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) and modulated the expression of 2 key proteins involved in cholesterol transfer such as scavenger receptor class B type 1 (SR-B1) and ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) in the HF treated animals. This effect was mainly noted in liver tissue rather than in cutaneous tissue. Collectively, this study demonstrated that MLFE treatment has beneficial effects on the modulation of high fat diet-induced oxidative stress and on the regulation of cholesterol transporters. These results suggest that MLFE might be a beneficial substance for conventional therapies to treat obesity and its complications.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제13권9호
• /
• pp.1290-1295
• /
• 2000

The present study was conducted to evaluate effects of the increased dietary vitamin A supplementation on the vitamin A, vitamin E and ascorbic acid concentrations in the plasma and liver and activities of some enzymes in the liver of the growing chicken. One hundred and twenty female chickens at 4 weeks of age were divided in 6 equal groups in accordance with their body weight. They were housed in cages and fed on standard wheat-barley-based broiler diet balanced in the major nutrients. Vitamin A was supplemented in the form of retinyl acetate. Control diet was supplemented with 10 IU/g and experimental feeds were supplemented with 50, 100, 500, 1000 and 2000 IU/g. At days 42 and 56 of the development 8 chickens from each group were killed, plasma and liver were collected for vitamin and enzyme analyses. The increased vitamin A supplementation was associated with its increased accumulation in the liver and with a reduction of ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ concentrations in the plasma and liver. The blood plasma was more resistant to vitamin A concentration changes and the retinol level was elevated only when the vitamin A dose exceeded 100 IU/g feed. Ascorbic acid concentration in the liver was elevated when moderately high vitamin A supplementation was used but significantly decreased at the highest vitamin A dose. Similar changes were observed with glycogen concentration in the liver. Activities of hexokinase, glucose-6-phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase in the chicken liver were also dependent on vitamin A supplementation, decreasing with highest vitamin A doses. Therefore the observations showed that the vitamin A excess compromises antioxidant system of the growing chickens suggesting that prooxidant activity may be responsible for at least part of the toxicity of vitamin A.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제18권12호
• /
• pp.494-502
• /
• 2017

이 연구에서는 세계 각국의 소득불평등이 심화되는 가운데 네덜란드와 덴마크는 어떻게 불평등이 증가하는 정도를 낮출 수 있었는지를 살펴보았다. 한국, 미국, 독일, 스웨덴과 비교하여 네덜란드와 덴마크의 불평등 수준과 추이는 어떠한지, 불평등 변화의 분해를 통해 이 국가들에서 불평등 변화에 영향을 미친 요인은 무엇인지를 밝혔다. 또한 네덜란드와 덴마크는 어떠한 노동시장정책을 통해 불평등을 완화하였는지를 탐색하였다. 네덜란드에서 근로소득 불평등이 완화된 중요한 원인 중의 하나는 자발적 시간제 노동의 증가를 통해 여성의 경제활동 참여가 증진되었기 때문이다. 여성들이 시간제 노동에 적극적으로 참여하게 된 배경에는 정규직과 비정규직 간의 동등한 대우를 통해 자신의 상황에 맞게 경제활동에 참여할 수 있는 제도적 여건을 마련한 것이 중요한 요인으로 작용하였다. 덴마크는 기술훈련 강화 등 적극적 노동시장 정책을 통해 저숙련, 저임금 근로자의 숙련도를 향상시켜 임금격차를 완화할 수 있었다. 네덜란드와 덴마크의 경험에 기반하여 이 연구에서는 한국의 소득 불평등을 완화하는 정책방향을 논의하였다.