• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.89-109
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• 2016

The purposes of this study were to analyze and understand the life of mothers rearing children with Down syndrome and to present basic data for overcoming the difficulties of those families. For these purposes, this study made use of the phenomenological analysis and approach with a qualitative research method. The subjects of this study are 4 mothers rearing children with Down syndrome who are beyond school age. The results were as follows. First, the reason why mothers with Down syndrome children went through psychological shock and horror was the social stigma due to the unusual appearance of children with Down syndrome. Second, the isolation with in the public education system was disclosed as a factor causing much sorrow and pain. Through this, we can recognize the importance of ensuring the equal right to receive education of children with Down syndrome. Third, the period which the mother experienced most shock and confusion was right after finding out about the disability that her child has. So, we can identify the importance of early intervention providing psychotherapy and rearing service to the parents. Fourth, the crucial factor that relieved pain and pressure from mothers was social support including family. Therefore, the social support system for mothers with Down syndrome children has to be developed and strengthened. Fifth, the crucial factor that made mother grow up during rearing experience was the reestablishment of cognition about the desired role of mothers. Through this, we can identify the importance of the mental transition process to independent thinking.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.31 no.7
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• pp.718-721
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• 1998

The surgical closure of VSD in patient with severe pulmonary hypertension has been considered a difficult problem for surgeons, because sudden hemodynamic change after closure of the defect could bring on high perioperative mortality. Recently, it was reported that UVP(unidirectional valve patch), which allows some blood to flow from right to left in case of acute right heart failure, is effective in improving the postoperative hemodynamics after closing septal defects. This 42-year old woman had suffered from VSD for 20 years and recently complained of worsening exertional dyspnea for three months, and was diagnosed of a large VSD(2.0 cm in diameter) with severe pulmonary hypertension(116/38 mm Hg), equal to systemic arterial pressure. We could successfully close VSD with severe pulmonary hypertension using one UVP and the other UVP for the creative ASD to be prepared against possible acute right heart failure. She was discharged on the fourteenth postoperative day and has been well for twelve months with spontanenous closure of UVP patch at the ninth postopeative month.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.180-186
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• 1977

The preparation of 1-chloro-2-iodoperfluorocycloalkenes was achieved with a short reaction time and a high yield when the starting compound was iodinated via the metalation process using an alkyllithium reagent. Especially, the high yield of 1-chloro-2-iodo-perfluorocyclohexene was obtained when 1,2-dichloroperfluorocyclohexene was iodinated via the same reaction conditions. The coupling reaction of 1,2-dihaloperfluorocycloalkenes was also achieved with a lower reaction temperature and a shorter reaction time when the equal slurry mixture of fluorocycloolefines and DMF was reacted at a high pressure in a sublimer. The yield of the coupling product was greatly improved by this process. For a typical example, the coupling reaction of the 1-chloro-2-iodotetrafluorocyclobutene was proceeded with a higher yield of the product than that of the reported reaction, when the present method was adopted. A plausible reaction mechanism of the present coupling reactiont was proposed and the physical characteristics of the coupling product were confirmed.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.582-596
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aims to explore the ways to improve the security of temporary shelters in case of nuclear power plant accidents. Method: In this study, we mainly rely on the case studies on previous nuclear power plant accidents-Chernobyl, Fukushima, and Three Mile Island (TMI) cases. Result: The current radiation emergency response plans for nuclear power plant accidents center around the evacuation procedure. As a result, the concept of "shelter in place" has been understood as a means of assisting resident evacuation. However, based on the case studies, we find that encouraging shelter in place, rather than simply emphasizing evacuation, would help minimize unnecessary casualties, especially in case of the accidents rated greater than or equal to INES 5. To facilitate better shelter in place, we recommend utilize apartments as temporary shelters and suggest some possible improvements to ensure those apartments could be equipped with technologies for high radiation protection. Conclusion: To ensure better shelter in place, we recommend using apartments as temporary shelters, and we seek to supplement the function of apartments by using shielding, positive pressure, and sealing technologies.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.583-600
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• 2023

The resilient modulus (M_R) of various pavement materials plays a significant role in the pavement design by a mechanistic-empirical method. The M_R determination is done by experimental tests that need time and money, along with special experimental tools. The present paper suggested a novel hybridized extreme gradient boosting (XGB) structure for forecasting the M_R of modified base materials subject to wet-dry cycles. The models were created by various combinations of input variables called deep learning. Input variables consist of the number of W-D cycles (WDC), the ratio of free lime to SAF (CSAFR), the ratio of maximum dry density to the optimum moisture content (DMR), confining pressure (σ₃), and deviatoric stress (σ_d). Two XGB structures were produced for the estimation aims, where determinative variables were optimized by particle swarm optimization (PSO) and black widow optimization algorithm (BWOA). According to the results' description and outputs of Taylor diagram, M1 model with the combination of WDC, CSAFR, DMR, σ₃, and σ_d is recognized as the most suitable model, with R² and RMSE values of BWOA-XGB for model M1 equal to 0.9991 and 55.19 MPa, respectively. Interestingly, the lowest value of RMSE for literature was at 116.94 MPa, while this study could gain the extremely lower RMSE owned by BWOA-XGB model at 55.198 MPa. At last, the explanations indicate the BWO algorithm's capability in determining the optimal value of XGB determinative parameters in M_R prediction procedure.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.67 no.4
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• pp.467-476
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• 2024

Objective : To evaluate the usefulness of a cranial implantable chemoport, the H-port, as an alternative to the Ommaya reservoir for intraventricular chemotherapy/cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) access in patients with leptomeningeal metastasis (LM). Methods : One hundred fifty-two consecutive patients with a diagnosis of LM and who underwent H-port installation between 2015 and 2021 were evaluated. Adverse events associated with installation and intraventricular chemotherapy, and the rate of increased intracranial pressure (ICP) control via the port were evaluated for safety and efficacy. These indices were compared with published data of Ommaya (n=89), from our institution. Results : Time-to-install and installation-related complications of intracranial hemorrhage (n=2) and catheter malposition (n=5) were not significantly different between the two groups. Intraventricular chemotherapy-related complications of CSF leakage occurred more frequently in the Ommaya than in the H-port group (13/89 vs. 3/152, respectively, p<0.001). Intracranial hemorrhage during chemotherapy occurred only in the Ommaya group (n=4). The CSF infection rate was not statistically different between groups (14/152 vs. 12/89, respectively). The ICP control rate according to reservoir type revealed a significantly higher ICP control rate with the H-port (40/67), compared with the Ommaya result (12/58, p<0.001). Analyzing the ICP control rate based on the CSF drainage method, continuous extraventricular drainage (implemented only with the H-port), found a significantly higher ICP control rate than with intermittent CSF drainage (33/40 vs. 6/56, respectively, p<0.0001). Conclusion : The H-port for intraventricular chemotherapy in patients with LM was superior for ICP control; it had equal or lower complication rates than the Ommaya reservoir.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.544-549
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• 2014

In this study, the permeation efficiency (PE) of sea tangle (Laminaria japonica) extract (STE) into egg using the temperature change method (TCM) and pressure was investigated. STE was prepared in a volume of water equal to 10 times the weight of the sea tangle at $100^{\circ}C$ over a 3 hr period. The PE of iodine as a representative component of the STE as well as the total polyphenol content at ambient pressure were determined as follows: 1) after soaking in the STE at 30, 40, and $50^{\circ}C$ for 3 hr, and 2) after soaking in the STE at $4^{\circ}C$ immediately after soaking in distilled water at $50^{\circ}C$ for 1, 2, and 3 hr (TCM), respectively. The PE of iodine as well as the total polyphenol content improved as the temperature of the STE increased (P<0.05). The permeation of iodine was more rapid, and the total polyphenol content increased with the TCM (121 ${\mu}g/100$ mg and 1.74 mg/mL for 3 hr, respectively) compared to without the TCM (72 ${\mu}g/100$ mg and 1.48 mg/mL for 3 hr, respectively), and the highest PE was observed with the TCM after soaking at $50^{\circ}C$ for 3 hr. At a pressure of 5.0 MPa, the PE was more rapid with the TCM (139 ${\mu}g/100$ mg and 1.74 mg/mL for 90 min, respectively) than without the TCM (105 ${\mu}g/100$ mg and 1.56 mg/mL for 90 min, respectively). Consequentially, these results suggest that the preparation of seasonings and functional eggs using various components and bioactive substances is possible by the TCM.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.352-358
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• 2007

A nonporous hollow fiber membrane contactor was used to control the concentration of oxygen dissolved in an aqueous solution, which was predicted along the hollow fiber membrane using a computer simulation. The governing ordinary differential equations were derived for the occurrent flows of the feed aqueous solution and the feed gas mixture in a membrane contactor and they were numerically solved using the 5th Runge-Kutta-Verner method with a personal computer, where the program was coded utilizing a software of the Compaq Visual Fortran 6.6. It is found that the concentration of oxygen dissolved in water increases from 30 to 64 ppm as the length of the hollow fiber increases from 0.4 to 1.2 m when the membrane of fibers are equal to be 16,000; the flow rate of the feed gas is kept to be 0.536 mol/sec; its pressure is maintained to be 486 kPa; the flow rate of the water is 16.69 mol/sec. As the flow rate of the water increases from 9.26 to 26.85 mol/sec, the concentration of oxygen decreases from 40 to 20 ppm with the constant fiber length of 0.4 m. Finally, it is observed that the concentration of oxygen increases from 33 to 69 ppm as the pressure of the feed gas increases from 298 to 847 kPa.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.32 no.9
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• pp.17-27
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• 2016

Parial drainage characteristics of clayey silt with low plasticity from the west coast (Incheon and Hwaseong) was analyzed using CPTU based existing correlation equations and compulsory replacement method. Generally, the estimated $OCRs={\kappa}{\cdot}((q_t-{\sigma}_{vo})/{\sigma}^{\prime}_{vo})$ using Powell and Quartman(1988) were higher than those obtained by the oeodometer tests. These trends were noticeable for the layers containing a lot of silty and sand soils. The assessment of partial drainage conditions was performed through Schnaid et al. (2004)'s equation; it is based on plotting the normalized cone resistance, $Q_t$ versus the pore pressure parameter, $B_q$ in combination with the strength incremental ratio, $s_u/{\sigma}^{\prime}_{vo}$ to the CPTU data. It is evident that more than half of the data fall in the range where $B_q$ < 0.3, corresponding to the domain in which the partial drainage prevails when testing normally consolidated soils at a standard rate of penetration (2 cm/s). To estimate the replacement depth of clayey silt with low plasticity, back analysis was carried out to evaluate the internal friction angle based on where the design depths are equal to the checked depths using bearing capacity equation. The internal friction angels obtained from the back analysis tended to increase as the plasticity index decreases, which is ranged approximately from ${\varphi}^{\prime}=2^{\circ}$ to ${\varphi}^{\prime}=7^{\circ}$.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.1337-1347
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• 2010

Fingerprint recognition is a biometric technology to identify individual by using fingerprint features such ridges and valleys. Most fingerprint systems perform the recognition based on minutiae points after acquiring a fingerprint image from contact type sensor. They have an advantage of acquiring a clear image of uniform size by touching finger on the sensor. However, they have the problems of the image quality can be reduced in case of severely dry or wet finger due to the variations of touching pressure and latent fingerprint on the sensor. To solve these problems, the contactless capturing devices for a fingerprint image was introduced in previous works. However, the accuracy of detecting minutiae points and recognition performance are reduced due to the degradation of image quality by the illumination variation. So, this paper proposes a new LDP-based fingerprint recognition method. It can effectively extract fingerprint patterns of iterative ridges and valleys. After producing histograms of the binary codes which are extracted by the LDP method, chi square distance between the enrolled and input feature histograms is calculated. The calculated chi square distance is used as the score of fingerprint recognition. As the experimental results, the EER of the proposed approach is reduced by 0.521% in comparison with that of the previous LBP-based fingerprint recognition approach.