• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.1-15
• /
• 2012

Marine scientific monitoring, including monitoring of oil pollution, marine ecosystems, and the marine environment in general, has been being carried out continuously in order to assess the impact of oil pollution since the Hebei Spirit oil spill in December 2007. GIS thematic maps containing visual and summarized information are very useful for conducting exploratory analyses on the spatio-temporal variability of the marine environment and marine ecosystems due to oil pollution. Defining map types and building a legend in accordance with data characteristics are essential elements for mapping. In the present study, map types were defined according to the data attributes and GIS data types for each data item and classification of data intervals for the legend was defined by using two data distribution types through a histogram analysis. The data interval method was defined as follows: If the histogram of data has a uniform distribution, an equal interval method is applied; in the case of a normal distribution, a standard deviation method is applied. In addition, thematic map templates were made for each map type through the definition of marginal elements. Through the establishment of systematic mapping methods and procedures in this study, it was possible to effectively make standardized thematic maps for various kinds of marine scientific data.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
• /
• v.14 no.9
• /
• pp.31-37
• /
• 2013

In this study installation diameter, interval, area replacement ratio and ground hardness of applicable ground in C.G.S method should be mastered through surrounding ground by conducting modeling. Optimum artificial neural network was selected through the study of the parameter of artificial neural network and prediction model was developed by the relationship with numerical analysis and artificial neural network. As this result, C.G.S pile settlement and ground settlement were found to be equal in terms of diameter, interval, area replacement ratio and ground hardness, presented in a single curve, which means that the behavior pattern of applied ground in C.G.S method was presented as some form, and based on such a result, learning the artificial neural network for 3D behavior was found to be possible. As the study results of artificial neural network internal factor, when using the number of neural in hidden layer 10, momentum constant 0.2 and learning rate 0.2, relationship between input and output was expressed properly. As a result of evaluating the ground behavior of C.G.S method which was applied to using such optimum structure of artificial neural network model, is that determination coefficient in case of C.G.S pile settlement was 0.8737, in case of ground settlement was 0.7339 and in case of ground heaving was 0.7212, sufficient reliability was known.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
• /
• v.28 no.11
• /
• pp.1198-1206
• /
• 2006

We have carried out highway traffic noise prediction and measurement for 10 sites with representative road shapes and structures. A road traffic noise prediction model(NIER('99)) has been developed for environmental impact assessment in Korea. With the fitted regression analysis, the distribution ratio($R^2$) and Pearson correction coefficient(r) was 92.4% and 0.96 in $1^{st}$ floor, 38.7% and 0.66 in $3^{rd}$ floor, 42% and 0.65 in $5^{th}$ floor, 7.5% and 0.27 in $7^{th}$ floor, 28.4% and 0.53 in 10th floor, 35.6% and 0.60 in $13^{th}$ floor, 52.7% and 0.73 in $15^{th}$ floor, respectively. The measured values of the noise level except the 1st floor did not show a good agreement with the predicted noise level in the NIER('99) formula. Also, the NIER('99) formula demonstrated that the measured values weren't reasonably close to the predicted values, indicating the validity and adequacy of the predicted models with the fitted vs residual analysis in the 95% of confidence interval and 95% of predict interval. Using the equal variation on the basis of the residual vs fitted value, there was the significant difference for variation between $3^{rd}$ floor and $15^{th}$ floor except $1^{st}$ floor. The results suggested that the NIER('99) model obtained by the results according to the apartment floor must be improved and developed on the road traffic noise.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.58 no.5
• /
• pp.490-497
• /
• 2005

Background : The paraoxonase enzyme plays a significant role in the detoxification of various organophosphorous compounds in mammals, and paraoxonase (PON) 1 is one of the endogenous free-radical scavenging systems in the human body. In this study, we investigated the interaction between cigarette smoking and the genetic polymorphism of PON1 with lung cancer in Korean males. Methods : Three hundred thirty five patients with lung cancer and an equal number of age-matched controls were enrolled in this study. Every subject was asked to complete a questionnaire concerning their smoking habits and alcohol drinking habits. A 5' exonuclease assay (TaqMan) was used to genotype the PON1 Q192R polymorphism. The effects of smoking habits and drinking habits, the PON1 Q192R polymorphism and their interactions were statistically analyzed. Results : Cigarette smoking and the Q/Q genotype of PON1 were significant risk factors for lung cancer. Individuals carrying the Q/Q genotype of PON1 were at a higher risk for lung cancer as compared with those individuals carrying the Q/R or R/R genotype (odds ratio, 2.84; 95% confidence interval, 1.69 - 4.79). When the groups were further stratified by the smoking status, the Q/Q PON1 was associated with lung cancer among the current or ex-smokers (odds ratio, 2.56; 95% confidence interval, 1.52 - 4.31). Current smokers or ex-smokers who had the Q/Q genotype showed an elevated risk for lung cancer (odds ratio: 15.50, 95% confidence interval: 6.76 - 35.54) as compared with the group of subjects who never smoked, and had the Q/R or R/R genotype. The odds ratios (95% confidence interval) of smokers with the PON1 Q/Q type compared to the nonsmokers with the PON1 Q/R or R/R type were 53.77 (6.55 - 441.14) for squamous cell carcinoma, 6.25 (1.38 - 28.32) for adenocarcinoma, and 59.94 (4.66 - 770.39) for small cell carcinoma, and these results were statistically significant. Conclusion : These results suggest that cigarette smoking and the PON1 Q/Q genotype are risk factors for lung cancer. The combination of cigarette smoking and the PON1 Q/Q genotype significantly increased the lung cancer risk irrespective of the histologic type of cancer.

• Explosives and Blasting
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.21-28
• /
• 2012

Blasting methods are frequently used in case of forming slope artificially like slope cutting and open-cut method in the downtown area because of many economical and effective advantages. It is important that blasting work is carried out maintaining original strength of rock and not to damage rock face. And it is also considered that blasting method to decrease ground vibration is essential to the point of blast damages due to the ground vibration. In this study, to form a smooth plane of rock slope face, many trial blasts were carried out in this way that explosives were installed in detonating cord by equal interval in different charging method and stemming method. Using 4 blasting patterns in total 60 blast holes and 20 times of blasts were carried out. At the same time ground vibration measurements were carried out 15~102m away from the blast source, and total number of 310 data were obtained. Measured data for ground vibration velocity were analyzed so as to study blasting method to protect slope plane while decreasing blast vibration in an effective way.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.245-256
• /
• 2016

In the companion paper (I - Database and Site Response Analyses), site-specific response analyses were performed at more than 300 domestic sites. In this study, a new site classification system and design response spectra are proposed using results of the site-specific response analyses. Depth to bedrock (H) and average shear wave velocity of soil above the bedrock ($V_{S,Soil}$) were adopted as parameters to classify the sites into sub-categories because these two factors mostly affect site amplification, especially for shallow bedrock region. The 20 m of depth to bedrock was selected as the initial parameter for site classification based on the trend of site coefficients obtained from the site-specific response analyses. The sites having less than 20 m of depth to bedrock (H1 sites) are sub-divided into two site classes using 260 m/s of $V_{S,Soil}$ while the sites having greater than 20 m of depth to bedrock (H2 sites) are sub-divided into two site classes at $V_{S,Soil}$ equal to 180 m/s. The integration interval of 0.4 ~ 1.5 sec period range was adopted to calculate the long-period site coefficients ($F_v$) for reflecting the amplification characteristics of Korean geological condition. In addition, the frequency distribution of depth to bedrock reported for Korean sites was also considered in calculating the site coefficients for H2 sites to incorporate sites having greater than 30 m of depth to bedrock. The relationships between the site coefficients and rock shaking intensity were proposed and then subsequently compared with the site coefficients of similar site classes suggested in other codes.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
• /
• v.37 no.1
• /
• pp.67-81
• /
• 2000

An accurate and efficient numerical method for two-dimensional nonlinear radiation problem has been developed. The wave motion due to a moving body is described by the assumption of ideal fluid flow, and the governing Laplace equation can be effectively solved by the higher-order boundary element method with the help of the GMRES (Generalized Minimal RESidual) algorithm. The intersection or corner problem is resolved by utilizing the so-called discontinuous elements. The implicit trapezoidal rule is used in updating solutions at new time steps by considering stability and accuracy. Traveling waves caused by the oscillating body are absorbed downstream by the damping zone technique. It is demonstrated that the present method for time marching and radiation condition works efficiently for nonlinear radiation problem. To avoid the numerical instability enhanced by the local gathering of grid points, the regriding technique is employed so that all the grids on the free surface may be distributed with an equal distance. This makes it possible to reduce time interval and improve numerical stability. Special attention is paid to the local flow around the body during time integration. The nonlinear radiation force is calculated by the "acceleration potential technique". Present results show good agreement with other numerical computations and experiments.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.158-165
• /
• 1998

This study was undertaken to observe the effects of the antineoplastic agent, 5-Fluorouracil(5 FU) on the hair in Sprague-Dawley white rats. Twenty four sprague-Dawley strain white rats, each weighing about 150-200 grams were used and divided into control and experimental groups. In the experimental group, eighteen rats were injected intraperitonially with 60 mg of 5-FU per killogram body weight with one time per two days, Six rats were injected with 0.5 cc of normal saline solution intraperitoneally as a placebo on this control group. Rats were serially sacrificed on the first, third, fifth, seventh, tenth and fourteenth day after 2 times of injection of 5-FU and saline. The hair were obtained and observed SEM. After examination and comparision of all specimens, the results of this study were as follows: 1. In the control group, the scale and cuticle of hair was observed smooth surface and equal interval 2. In the experimental group, the first day, scale change was seen from body of hair and crack was seen. from fifth day, and irregular scale and cuticle of hair was seen from 10, 14 days 3. The apperance of root of hair was not almost change From above results, 5-Fluorouracil was more effective on the hair body. The change was begun from first day and crack of scale was seen from fifth day and irregular scale and cuticle of hair was seen from 10,14 days. The.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Near Infrared Spectroscopy Conference
• /
• 2001.06a
• /
• pp.4102-4102
• /
• 2001

In multivariate analysis, absorbance spectrum is measured over a band of wavelengths. One does not often pay attention to the size of this wavelength band. However, it is desirable that spectrum is measured at only necessary wavelengths as long as the acceptable accuracy of prediction can be met. In this paper, the method of selecting an optimal band of wavelengths based on the loading vector analysis was proposed and applied for determining total protein in human serum using near-infrared transmission spectroscopy and PLSR. Loading vectors in the full spectrum PLSR were used as reference in selecting wavelengths, but only the first loading vector was used since it explains the spectrum best. Absorbance spectra of sera from 97 outpatients were measured at 1530∼1850 nm with an interval of 2 nm. Total protein concentrations of sera were ranged from 5.1 to 7.7 g/㎗. Spectra were measured by Cary 5E spectrophotometer (Varian, Australia). Serum in the 5 mm-pathlength cuvette was put in the sample beam and air in the reference beam. Full spectrum PLSR was applied to determine total protein from sera. Next, the wavelength region of 1672∼1754 nm was selected based on the first loading vector analysis. Standard Error of Cross Validation (SECV) of full spectrum (1530∼l850 nm) PLSR and selected wavelength PLSR (1672∼1754 nm) was respectively 0.28 and 0.27 g/㎗. The prediction accuracy between the two bands was equal. Wavelength selection based on loading vector in PLSR seemed to be simple and robust in comparison to other methods based on correlation plot, regression vector and genetic algorithm. As a reference of wavelength selection for PLSR, the loading vector has the advantage over the correlation plot since the former is based on multivariate model whereas the latter, on univariate model. Wavelength selection by the first loading vector analysis requires shorter computation time than that by genetic algorithm and needs not smoothing.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
• /
• v.36 no.3
• /
• pp.205-214
• /
• 2016

The objective of this study was to construct a forage rye (FR) dry matter yield (DMY) estimation model based on climate data by locations in South Korea. The data set (n = 549) during 29 years were used. Six optimal climatic variables were selected through stepwise multiple regression analysis with DMY as the response variable. Subsequently, via general linear model, the final model including the six climatic variables and cultivated locations as dummy variables was constructed as follows: DMY = 104.166SGD + 1.454AAT + 147.863MTJ + 59.183PAT150 - 4.693SRF + 45.106SRD - 5230.001 + Location, where SGD was spring growing days, AAT was autumnal accumulated temperature, MTJ was mean temperature in January, PAT150 was period to accumulated temperature 150, SRF was spring rainfall, and SRD was spring rainfall days. The model constructed in this research could explain 24.4 % of the variations in DMY of FR. The homoscedasticity and the assumption that the mean of the residuals were equal to zero was satisfied. The goodness-of-fit of the model was proper based on most scatters of the predicted DMY values fell within the 95% confidence interval.