• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.36-41
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• 2003

Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma is a rare vascular tumor of borderline malignancy which is characterized by the presence of "epithelioid" or "histiocytoid" endothelial cells. Superficial and deep tumors have been recognized in the extremities, head, neck, chest, and mediastinum of adult patients. It may also occur as a primary tumor of liver, bone, and other visceral organs. Few effusion cytologic findings of epithelioid hemangioendothelioma have been reported. We report a case of composite epithelioid hemangioendothelioma with focal epithelioid angiosarcomatous areas of the iliac bone and adjacent soft tissue in a 38-year-old female, which, during its metastatic course, was presented as a pleural effusion. The effusion was cellular with epithelioid cells presenting both singly and in clusters. The tumor cells were round to ovoid shewing cytoplasmic vacuolization, variability in cell size, and prominent nucleoli. The effusion smears and cell block sections revealed strong positive staining for CD31 and vimentin, weak positive for CD34 and Factor VIII-related antigen, and negative for cytokeratin, CEA, and calretinin. The cytologic findings in this case were similar to that of metastatic adenocarcinoma or malignant mesothelioma. Therefore, immunocytochemical staining in smear and cell block is a helpful tool to differentiate malignant 'epithelioid' cells in effusion.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.41-44
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• 2020

In general, patients with neurofibromatosis type I have a higher risk than those with other types of neurofibromatosis of developing soft-tissue sarcomas related to the nervous system. We here present a 42-year-old man with neurofibromatosis type I who developed a protruding mass over only 2 weeks. The histopathological diagnosis was epithelioid sarcoma. Epithelioid sarcomas are rare and, to the best of our knowledge, no epithelioid sarcomas have been reported in patients with neurofibromatosis type I. Radical excision of the primary lesion was performed and postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy administered, as is recommended for epithelioid sarcoma. Our case emphasizes that patients with neurofibromatosis type I may develop malignant tumors.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.65-69
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• 2004

Epithelioid sarcoma is a malignant soft tissue neoplasm with an uncertain histogenesis. We report the imprint cytologic features of epithelioid sarcoma in the left shoulder of a 29-year-old male patient. Imprint cytologic findings showed dissociated and loose aggregates of anaplastic epithelioid cells on the necrotic, bloody, and inflammatory background. Tumor cells were round to polygonal shaped. Tumor cells had vesicular nuclei with abundant cytoplasm. The nuclei were irregular in shape and often eccentrically located. Some tumor cells were oval to spindle shaped. Binucleated and multinucleated cells were found. Intracytoplasmic vacuoles were present. On immunohistochemical stain, the tumor cells were positive for epithelial membrane antigen, vimentin, and CD34.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.129-131
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• 2007

Intracranial epithelioid hemangioendothelioma is extremely rare. We report a case of intracranial epithelioid hemangioendothelioma which developed in a 55-year-old man who presented with dysarthria for two weeks. The brain computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance image showed masses which had fat component at the left frontal convexity and at left posterior parietal area. Excisional biopsy at the left frontal convexity confirmed epithelioid hemangioendothelioma which is immunopositive for CD31, supporting endothelial differentiation, and negative for CD68, SMA and HMB-45.

• Journal of Rhinology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.118-122
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• 2018

Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma is a rare vascular tumor with intermediate malignity and metastasis risk. It presents epithelioid cells with intracytoplasmic vacuoles and low mitotic activity. Its vascular nature can be confirmed by immunohistochemical studies (vimentin, CD31, CD34, and factor VIII). It is extremely rare in the nasal cavity, with only one case reported on the middle turbinate in Korea. The authors present a case of epithelioid hemangioendothelioma on the choana with a size of 2mm, which easily coult have been misdiagnosed as a blood clot.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.337-341
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• 2005

This study was undertaken to clerify the cytotoxic effect of syringic acid by colorimetric assay on human cancer cells. For the evaluation of cytotoxicity of syringic acid, the cell viability and cell adhesion activity of syringic acid on cancer cells, human oral epithelioid carcinoma cells were determined using by colorimetric assays such as MTT (3-[4,5­dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay and XTT (2,3-bis-[2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl]­2H-tetrazolium-5-caboxanilide) assay, respectively after human oral epithelioid carcinoma cells were treated with syringic acid for 48 hours. In this study, the cell viability of syringic acid on human oral epithelioid carcinoma cells showed a significant decrease by MTT assay compared with control, and also, the cell adhesion activity by XTT assay was decreased significantly in these cells after cells were treated with various concentrations of syringic acid for 48 hours. $MTT_{50}\;and\;XTT_{50}\;were\;282.3\;{\mu}M\;and\;418.8{\mu}M$ syringic acid, respectively. These results suggest that syringic acid shows midcytotoxic effect on human oral epithelioid carcinoma cells by the decreasement of the cell viability and the cell adehision activity assessed by colorimetric assay in these cultures.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.172-177
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• 2008

The epithelioid sarcoma is a rare high grade soft tissue sarcoma that affects young usually male, adults or adolescents. The most common localization is the hand and the forearm, followed by the leg and the foot. In most cases, the sarcoma grows slowly, involves the dermis, subcutis, or deeper soft tissues in the distal extremities. Epithelioid sarcoma is a slowly growing tumor with a high propensity for local recurrences and lymph node metastases. This neoplasm is likely to be confused with a variety of benign and malignant conditions. The treatment consists of wide surgical excision, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. We report the cases of 16-year-old girl with an epithelioid sarcoma on the lower extremity.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.64-67
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• 2001

Epithelioid sarcoma has been well characterized as a distincitve entity. In the classic form, it occurs in the distal extremities of young adults. However, in the proximal form, it was found mostly in the pelvis, perineum, and genital tract of young to middle-aged adults. Morphologically, the tumor cells had promient epithelioid or rhabdoid features with marked cytologic atypia, and grew in a multinodular pattern. Immunohistochemically, cytokeratin, epithelial membrane antigen, and vimentin were positive in the tumor cells. This reports dealt with 32-year-old male lesion on his perineum. The tumor shows typical features of proximal type epithelioid sarcoma. We also discussed pathological differential diagnosis and prognosis on this particular disease.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.234-238
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• 2005

Epithelioid sarcoma is a rare tumor which is usually presented with a nontender nodule on a distal extremity. It is sometimes confused with granulomatous process or chronic inflammation. We report of a case of epithelioid sarcoma on a foot of an adult male, which progressed rapidly.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.84-87
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• 1996

Cytologic features of the fine needle aspiration of metastatic epithelioid sarcoma are presented. The patient was a 48 year-old male who had been sufferring from recurrent and metastatic tumors of the right upper extremity for 6 years. The aspirate from the axillary mass cytologically consisted of isolated large polygonal cells with abundant, cyanophilic, slightly granular cytoplasm. Eccentrically located large round nuclei showed finely dispersed chromatin, small nucleoli, occasional convolution and folding of nuclear membrane, and frequent binucleation. Although both histologic and cytologic similarity of epithelioid sarcoma to squamous cell carcinoma is well known, findings of cyanophilic granular cytoplasm, convoluted nuclei, and binucleation appeared to be the differential points.