• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.185-191
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• 2009

Intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) play an important role in the mucosal immune system. IEC-derived mediators of inflammatory cascades play a principal role in the development of colon inflammation. The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of aqueous extracts of Schizandra chinensis fruits (SC-Ex) on the production of inflammatory mediators by the human colonic epithelial cells. HT-29 cells were stimulated with dextran sulfate sodium in the presence or absence of SC-Ex to examine the cytoprotection and production of IL-8 and reactive oxygen species (ROS). It was shown that dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) caused the reduction of cell viability and production of IL-8 and ROS in DSS-treated HT-29 cells. We observed that the treatment of SC-Ex protected significantly cell proliferation from DSS-induced damage in dose-dependent manner. SC-Ex (10 and 100 ${\mu}g$/ml) also suppressed DSS-induced production of IL-8 mRNA and protein. Moreover, DSS-induced ROS production was inhibited markedly by the treatment of 100 ${\mu}g$/ml SC-Ex. These results suggest that SC-Ex has the protective effects on DSS-induced cell damage and the release of inflammatory mediators in the intestinal epithelial cells.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.295-307
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• 1992

In order to study the differentiation of the epithelial cells during the development of fetal rat lung tissue, histological changeB in organotypic culture and in vivo were examined. Light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to analvre the histological change in rat lung from the 15th nary of gestation to the 111th nary after birth. In organotypic culture system, the pulmonary epithelial cell differentiation was studied by scanning electron microscopy. The results obtained from this study were as follows. 1. During deveiopment of lung, the glandular stage lasted from the Isth day to the lsth naut of gestation; the canalicular stage from the 17th nay to the 19th naut of gestation; the saccuiar stage from 20th nary to the birth. Alveolar stage was observed at the 3rd nary of postnatal rat lung. 2. In organotvpic culture of fetal rat lung cells organized alveolar-like structures resembling those of in uiuo state were observed on the gelatin matrix. In contrast with in vivo state, fetal lung cells formed group of type ll pneumocytes predominently along the contours of the matrix. These cells have large apical surface, short microvilli and secreted materials which may be sunactant. These results suggested that an orsanotypic culture retaining epithelial- -mesenchvmal relationships is appropriate culture model to study the pulmonary epithelial cell (especially type ll pneumocvte) differentation.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제31권8호
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• pp.1175-1182
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• 2021

We investigated the effect of bovine lactoferricin (Lfcin-B), a peptide derived from bovine lactoferrin, on activation of intestinal epithelial cells in IEC-6 intestinal cell, and protection against in vivo rotavirus (RV) infection. Treatment with Lfcin-B significantly enhanced the growth of IEC-6 cells and increased their capacity for attachment and spreading in culture plates. Also, Lfcin-B synergistically augmented the binding of IEC-6 cells to laminin, a component of the extracellular matrix (ECM). In the analysis of the intracellular mechanism related to Lfcin-B-induced activation of IEC-6 cells, this peptide upregulated tyrosine-dependent phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and paxillin, which are intracellular proteins associated with cell adhesion, spreading, and signal transduction during cell activation. An experiment using synthetic peptides with various sequences of amino acids revealed that a sequence of 9 amino acids (FKCRRWQWR) corresponding to 17-25 of the N-terminus of Lfcin-B is responsible for the epithelial cell activation. In an in vivo experiment, treatment with Lfcin-B one day before RV infection effectively prevented RV-induced diarrhea and significantly reduced RV titers in the bowels of infected mice. These results suggest that Lfcin-B plays meaningful roles in the maintenance and repair of intestinal mucosal tissues, as well as in protecting against intestinal infection by RV. Collectively, Lfcin-B is a promising candidate with potential applications in drugs or functional foods beneficial for intestinal health and mucosal immunity.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.271-280
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• 2009

태반은 성체줄기세포의 보고이다. 특히 양막상피세포는 배아줄기세포의 줄기세포 능력을 나타내는 세포 표면 표시자들을 그대로 발현하는 줄기세포로 알려져 있다. 하지만 상피세포를 실험실에서 지지세포 없이 대량 증식 배양하는 것은 상피세포가 가지고 있는 내인성 성격으로 인해 어렵다. 본 연구에서는 디티오트레이톨(Dithiothreitol; DTT)과 ROCK 저해제(Rho-associated kinase inhibitor)를 이용하여 양막상피세포를 분리하고 배양하는데 있어서 임상적용이 가능한 수준의 세포를 얻었고, 최적의 세포상태를 유지하였다. 본 연구에서 분리배양된 양막상피세포는 상피세포의 특성과 줄기세포의 특성을 발현하였다. 결론적으로 줄기세포 치료를 이용한 재생의학의 관점에서 인간태반 유래 양막상피줄기세포는 아무런 윤리적인 논란을 일으키지 않는 주요한 줄기세포 치료제의 재료로서 여러 가지 질병 치료에 사용될 수 있을 것이다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제18권7호
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• pp.1278-1285
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• 2008

The intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) layer of the intestinal tract makes direct contact with a number of microbiota communities, including bacteria known to have deleterious health effects. IECs possess innate protective strategies against pathogenic challenge, which primarily involve the formation of a physicochemical barrier. Intestinal tract mucins are principal components of the mucus layer on epithelial surfaces, and perform a protective function against microbial damage. However, little is currently known regarding the interactions between probiotics/pathogens and epithelial cell mucins. The principal objective of this study was to determine the effects of Lactobacillus on the upregulation of MUC2 mucin and the subsequent inhibition of E. coli O157:H7 attachment to epithelial cells. In the current study, the attachment of E. coli O157:H7 to HT-29 intestinal epithelial cells was inhibited significantly by L. acidophilus A4 and its cell extracts. It is also important to note that the expression of MUC2 mucin was increased as the result of the addition of L. acidophilus A4 cell extracts (10.0 mg/ml), which also induced a significant reduction in the degree to which E. coli O157:H7 attached to epithelial cells. In addition, the mRNA levels of IL-8, IL-1$\beta$, and TNF-$\alpha$ in HT-29 cells were significantly induced by treatment with L. acidophilus A4 extracts. These results indicate that MUC2 mucin and cytokines are important regulatory factors in the immune systems of the gut, and that selected lactobacilli may be able to induce the upregulation of MUC2 mucin and specific cytokines, thereby inhibiting the attachment of E. coli O157:H7.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.44-49
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• 2003

Effects of supplementation with ruminal epithelial cells on fiber-degrading activity and cell growth of Ruminococcus albus (R. albus, strain 7) was tested using a basal substrate of rice straw and formulated concentrate. Cultures of R. albus alone and R. albus with rumen protozoa were grown at $39^{\circ}C$ for 48 h with an 8.4% crude protein (CP) substrate, 33% of the CP supplemented with either ruminal epithelial cells or defatted soybean meal. The ruminal epithelial cells had lower amounts of rumen soluble and degradable protein fractions as compared to defatted soybean meal, as determined by an enzymatic method, and the same was found with amino acid composition of protein hydrolysates. Ruminal epithelial cells were directly utilized by the R. albus, and resulted in greater growth of cell-wall free bacteria compared to defatted soybean meal. The effect of epithelial cells on bacterial growth was enhanced by the presence of rumen protozoa. In consistency with cultures of R. albus and R. albus with rumen protozoa, fermentative parameters such as dry matter degradability and total volatile fatty acid did not differ between supplementation with ruminal epithelial cells or defatted soybean meal.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권8호
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• pp.1198-1203
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• 2002

To understand molecular mechanisms involved in bovine mammary gland growth, expression of stat5a gene was examined in bovine mammary tissues. We found that stat5a gene was highly induced at pregnant 7 and 8 months compared to virgin mammary tissues. To examine function of bovine stat5a in mammary epithelial cell proliferation, stat5a expression vector was transfected into mammary epithelial HC11 cells. Cell proliferation rate in stat5a gene-transfected cells was 26%, 95% and 85% higher at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h after seeding, respectively, compared to control vector-transfected cells. Results demonstrate that bovine stat5a enhances proliferation of mammary epithelial cells.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.548-561
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• 2015

By combining conventional single cell analysis with flow cytometry and public database searches with bioinformatics tools, we extended the expression profiling of thymic stromal cotransporter (TSCOT), Slc46A2/Ly110, that was shown to be expressed in bipotent precursor and cortical thymic epithelial cells. Genome scale analysis verified TSCOT expression in thymic tissue- and cell type- specific fashion and is also expressed in some other epithelial tissues including skin and lung. Coexpression profiling with genes, Foxn1 and Hoxa3, revealed the role of TSCOT during the organogenesis. TSCOT expression was detected in all thymic epithelial cells (TECs), but not in the $CD31^+$endothelial cell lineage in fetal thymus. In addition, ABC transporter-dependent side population and Sca-$1^+$ fetal TEC populations both contain TSCOT-expressing cells, indicating TEC stem cells express TSCOT. TSCOT expression was identified as early as in differentiating embryonic stem cells. TSCOT expression is not under the control of Foxn1 since TSCOT is present in the thymic rudiment of nude mice. By searching variations in the expression levels, TSCOT is positively associated with Grhl3 and Irf6. Cytokines such as IL1b, IL22 and IL24 are the potential regulators of the TSCOT expression. Surprisingly, we found TSCOT expression in the lung is diminished in lung cancers, suggesting TSCOT may be involved in the suppression of lung tumor development. Based on these results, a model for TEC differentiation from the stem cells was proposed in context of multiple epithelial organ formation.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.29-33
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• 2006

We have established three immortal bovine muscular epithelial (BME) cell lines, one spontaneously immortalized (BMES), the second SV40LT-mediated (BMEV) and the third hTERT-mediated (BMET). The morphology of the three immortal cell lines was similar to that of early passage primary BME cells. Each of the immortal cell lines made cytokeratin, a typical epithelial marker. BMET grew faster than the other immortal lines and the BME cells, in 10% FBS-DMEM medium, whereas neither the primary cells nor the three immortal cell lines grew in 0.5% FBS-DMEM. The primary BME cells and the immortal cell lines, with the exception of BMES, made increasing amounts of p53 protein when treated with doxorubicin, a DNA damaging agent. On the other hand, almost half of the cells in populations of the three immortal cell lines may lack $p16^{INK4a}$ regulatory function, compared to primary BME cells that were growth arrested by enforced expression of $p16^{INK4a}$. In soft-agar assays, the primary cells and immortal cell lines proved to be less transformed in phenotype than HeLa cells. The three immortal epithelial-type cell lines reported here are the first cell lines established from muscle tissue of bovine or other species.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.31-35
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• 2007

Caesalpinia sappan L. (Leguminosae) is an oriental medicinal herb distributed in China and Taiwan, and its heartwood has been traditionally used as an analgesic, a therapy for thrombosis or tumor. This study was to investigate the proliferation and inhibition effects of Caesalpinia sappan extracts against human epithelial cell and cancer cell lines. The methanol extract of dried C. sappan heartwood was evaporated (KS-6), and then sequentially extracted by hexane (KS-01), chloroform (KS-02), ethyl acetate (KS-03), n-butanol (KS-04), and water (KS-05). After 48 hr of exposure, these fractions at a concentration of $50{\mu}g/ml$ significantly increased, and reduced cell proliferation in both human normal epithelial and cancer cell lines. The ethyl acetate fraction (KS-03) among organic solvent fractions was 120.2% of the most proliferation activity ($50{\mu}g/ml$) against HaCaT human epithelial cell. However, fractions from chloroform, butanolic and methanolic extract had 7.2, 28.7 and 20.8% of antiproliferative effect on HaCaT cell, respectively. In cell proliferation effects of C. sappan extract on HeLa, SiHa and C33A human cervical cancer cells, chloroform fraction (KS-2) was the most antiproliferative activity, its antiproliferative rate (dosage, $50{\mu}g/ml$) relative to control was 25.8, 12.2 and 17.4% for SiHa, HeLa and C33A, respectively. The results indicated that the six extract fractions could induce cell cycle stimulate or arrest in some way. Finally, further investigation is needed to assess the molecular mechanisms mediated anticancer activities of this plant.