• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.29-38
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• 2015

Objectives We aimed to identify the effectiveness of photobiomodulation using low level laser therapy (LLLT), light emitting diode (LED) and others on the growth of the length of the growth plate by reviewing literatures. Methods We searched literatures using PubMed, Science Direct, CINAHL, Korea Traditional Knowledge Portal (KTKP), Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System (OASIS), China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database (CNKI), Japan Science and Technology Information Aggregator, Electronic (J STAGE), and Japan National Institute of Informatics Scholarly and Academic Information Navigator (CiNii) using the keywords "Growth plate" "Epiphyseal growth" "Epiphyseal plate" and "Laser", "light emitting diode (LED)", "near-infrared light", and "photobiomodulation". Search range included only original article which provided English abstract were selected. The search strategy contained no language limitation. Results A total 556 studies were found. Then, 551 were excluded by scanning titles and abstracts and finally 5 articles were selected. Five articles were RCTs using rodents. Two of the 5 articles used InGaAlP Laser (630-685 nm), and the other 3 articles used GaAlAs Laser (780, 820, and 870 nm) to investigated the effects of LLLT on the growth of the length of the epiphyseal cartilage and the number of chondrocytes and thickness of each zone of the epiphyseal cartilage. Two articles concluded that LLLT had a beneficial effect on the longitudinal growth of the growth plate. In growth of the epiphyseal plate, there were no significant differences in others. Conclusions It is might that LLLT influenced on the growth of epiphyseal plate by positive affect. However, further rigorous RCTs are warranted.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.16-22
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• 1995

We analyzed 11 children who underwent epiphyseal transplantation to the forearm for manage growing deformity ranged from 2 years 6 months to years(average 5 years 10 months) follow-up period. Etiologies of the functional impairment of the eleven were five traumatic, three congenital and three tumorous conditions. Lesions of epiphysis were distal radius in eight patients and distal ulna in three patients. Operation was performed with removal of non-functioning or deformed epiphysis followed by transplantation of free vascularized proximal fibular epiphysis with microvascular anastomesis. Evaluation was performed radiologically and functionally. The 9(81.8%) patients showed growth of transplanted epiphysis by radiological examination during follow up. At the last follow up, average growth rate was 0.86cm per year excepts 2 cases of no growth. Active wrist motion near normal to contralateral joint was achieved in 7 patients. In other 2 patients, active joint motion was improved but weaker than contralateral joint. Complications on donor site were two transient peroneal nerve palsy which have been resolved after 2 and 5 months post operation and one valgus ankle deformity. The ankle deformity was corrected with $Langenski\"{o}ld$ operation of the dital tibiofibular fusion. At recipient site, there was one superficial infection and it was easily controlled by systemic antibiotics. Many subsequent reports have described successful nonvascularized epiphyseal transplante, but overall results have been inconsistent and unsatisfactory. Other experimental and clinical studies in the transfer of vascularized epiphyses has encourage its clinical application. We also could gel successful growth in several cases with free vascularized epiphyseal transplantation.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.458-461
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• 2023

Epiphyseal dislocations and fractures frequently occur in children and adolescents. However, these injuries seldom involve the distal femur, and bilateral cases are even rarer. We present an unusual case of bilateral epiphyseal detachment of the femur in a 21-year-old man who was involved in a traffic accident. Open reduction and fixation surgery were performed 5 days after the incident. The patient experienced favorable progress, with consolidation occurring at 3 months. No lower limb length discrepancies were observed at the 20-month follow-up. In summary, bilateral distal femoral epiphyseal detachment is an uncommon condition that can be effectively treated through surgical intervention.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.233-237
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• 1995

The growth effects of newly developed recombinant human growth hormone (rHGH), were compared with those of Biotropine. For the effective evaluation, we examined the increasing rate of body weight and the thickness of tibial epiphysis as criteria of growth effects on hypophysectomised female rats treated with varing concentration of rHGH for 4 days. rHGH treated groups showed significant body weight gain which was less evident in Biotropine and vehicle treatment group. In tibial epiphyseal test, rHGH also showed clear effects compared to Biotropine and vehicle treatment group. Above findings indicate that newly developed rHGH has better effects of growth stimulation on female rats than Biotropine does.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.106-111
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• 1996

Purpose : Propose a surgical technique in donor harvesting method in free vascularized proximal fibular epiphysis. Methodology : Concerned about growth potentials of the transplanted epiphysis in our long term results of the epiphyseal transplanted 13 cases more than 4 years follow-up, anterior tibial artery which contains anterior tibial recurrent artery is most reliable vessel to proximal fibular epiphysis which is the best donor of the free vascularized epiphyseal transplantation. In vascular anatomical aspect proximal fibular epiphysis norished by latearl inferior genicular artery from popliteal, posterior tibial recurrent artery and anterior tibial recurrent artery from anterior tibial artery and peroneal artery through metaphysis. The lateral inferior genicular artery is very small and difficult to isolate, peroneal artery from metaphysis through epiphyseal plate can not give enough blood supply to epiphysis itself. The anterior tibial artery which include anterior tibial recurrent and posterior tibial recurrent artery is the best choice in this procedure. But anterior tibial recurrent artery merge from within one inch from bifucating point of the anterior and posterior tibial arteries from popliteal artery. So it is very difficult to get enough vascular pedicle length to anastomose in recipient vessel without vein graft even harvested from bifucating point from popliteal artery. Authors took recipient artery from distal direction of anterior tibial artery after ligation of the proximal popliteal side vessel, which can get unlimited pedicle length and safer dissection of the harvesting proximal fibular epiphysis. Results : This harvesting procedure can performed supine position, direct anterolateral approach to proximal tibiofibular joint. Dissect and isolate the biceps muscle insertion from fibular head, micro-dissection is needed to identify the anterior tibial recurrent arteries to proximal epiphysis, soft tissue release down to distal and deeper plane to find main anterior tibial artery which overlying on interosseous membrane. Special care is needed to protect peroneal nerve damage which across the surgical field. Conclusions : Proximal fibular epiphyseal transplantation with distally directed anterior tibial artery harvesting technique is effective and easier dissect and versatile application with much longer arterial pedicle.

• 대한골관절종양학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.60-67
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• 1995

It is difficult to manage the growing deformity of forearm bone caused by hereditary osteochondromatosis in children, because deformity and discrepancy of limb length is progressive. The are many treatment methods of these problems including excisio of osteochondroma, lengthening of ulna, shortening of radius, corrective osteotomy with or without lengthening apparatus. Among many treatment methods, we tried free vascularized epiphyseal transplantation with the proximal fibular epiphysis in 3 patients of hereditary osteochondromatosis for inducement of continuous bone growth and deformity correction. The average duration of follow up was 7 years and 1 month, the shortest duration being to 4 years and 5 months and the longest 10 years and 8 months. Serial radiologic and clinical evaluation were carried out during follow up and there were satisfactory length gain, deformity correction and improvement of adjacent joint motion in 2 cases. According to our follow up evaluation, free vascularized epiphyseal transplantation is valuable procedure in forearm deformity of hereditary osteochondromatosis although it needs skillful and experienced operative technique.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.197-206
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• 1996

cis-Dichlorodiammineplatinum (II) (cis-Platin) inhibits the proliferation and growth of the tumor cells by way of inhibiting DNA and protein synthesis of the cancer cells. Although cis-Platin is very effective antitumor drug, it also produces many other side effects. Thus the author has studied the effects of cis-Platin on the proximal epiphyseal plate in the tibia of the rat. The results were as follows: In the chondrocyte of the proliferative zone, sacculated, and fragmented cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum, some mitochondria with disorganized mitochondrial cristae and distorted procollagens were observed, and in the matrix some large matrix granules and dispersed collagen fibrils were revealed on the 1st, 3rd day and 1st week group of cis-Platin treated rats. In the chondrocyte of the proliferative zone of cis-Platin treated rats on the 2nd and 3rd week group, parallely arranged rough endoplasmic reticulum and many procollagens were shown, and in the matrix a number of large matrix granules and many small matrical granules as well as collagen fibrils were revealed. Consequently it is suggested that though cis-Platin induces the degenerative changes of the chondrocyte resulting in components of the cartilagenous matrix, these toxic effects are regressed with time.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제43권8호
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• pp.739-748
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• 2020

Stringent regulation of the chondrocyte cell cycle is required for endochondral bone formation. During the longitudinal growth of long bones, mesenchymal stem cells condense and differentiate into chondrocytes. Epiphyseal chondrocytes sequentially differentiate to form growth-plate cartilage, which is subsequently replaced with bone. Although the importance of nuclear factor 1C (Nfic) in hard tissue formation has been extensively studied, knowledge regarding its biological roles and molecular mechanisms in this process remains insufficient. Herein, we demonstrated that Nfic deficiency affects femoral growth-plate formation. Chondrocyte proliferation was downregulated and the number of apoptotic cell was increased in the growth plates of Nfic^-/- mice. Further, the expression of the cell cycle inhibitor p21 was upregulated in the primary chondrocytes of Nfic^-/- mice, whereas that of cyclin D1 was downregulated. Our findings suggest that Nfic may contribute to postnatal chondrocyte proliferation by inhibiting p21 expression and by increasing the stability of cyclin D1 protein.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.157-164
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• 1998

It has been very difficult to managing partial joint defect in any etiologies, especially in children. Unicondylar defect of the tibial condyle in children reconstructed with proximal fibular head with articular cartilage from 1995. Two kinds of transfering methods were used, peroneal artery pedicled ipsilateral fibula head transposition to defective lateral tibial condyle defect that revealed poor prognosis with gradual absorption of transposed fibular epiphysis. Free vascularized fibular head transplantation with microvascular anastomosis underwent in the case with medial condyle defect of tibia which revealed very satisfactory results. Author can conclude with these clinical experiences: 1. Tranposition without epiphyseal vesssels intact is not sufficient in fibular head osteochondral transplantation in reconstruction of tibial condyle defect. That means peroneal arterial vascular pedicle is not enough for transplanted proximal epiphysis maintains its function on articular surface and growth activity in children. 2. The anterior recurrent tibial artery is one of the most important and easy to utilizing vessel in proximal fibular epiphyseal transplantation. 3. Free vascularized fibular head transplantation is hopeful method in reconstruction of the knee joint in the patient with partial joint defect which has no effective solution in conventional methods.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.189-198
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• 1993

The present study was undertaken to provide basic data on endochondral ossification for the axis in developing Miniature Schnauzers. This study was determined to the morphological features and development of growth plast in the axis of this experimental animals by histological and histochemical methods. The axis from 2 healthy Miniature Schnauzers(postnatal 6hr, 5week) was used. The obtained results were as follows : 1. In 5-week-old Miniature Schnauzer, the axis consisted of 4 separate ossification centers : centrum l, intercentrum 2, centrum 2 and epiphysis. Intercentrum 2 was intercalated between centrum 1 cranially, centrum 2 caudally. 2. The space of centrum 1 was more broader than the other ossification centers. 3. The zone of reserved chondrocytes was more extensive than the zone of proliferative chondrocytes, trabeculation was weakly observed, however, the proximal epiphyseal plate of axis was actively trabeculation observed in the zone of calcified chondrocytes. 4. Eighteen columns of chondrocytes were observed in the centrum 1 and five to seven columns of chondrocytes were observed in the centrum 2 of Miniature Schnauzer(postnatal 5 week) 5. A positive reaction to alcianophility was observed in all the territorial matrix at the zone of hypertrophic chondrocytes in this experimental animals.