• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.396-405
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• 2012

Objectives : To confirm whether acupuncture can suppress the degree of seizure and the activation of astrocytes in hippocampi using kainic acid(KA)-induced epilepsy mouse model. Methods : 8 weeks C57BL/6 mice(20~25 g) were given acupuncture once a day at acupoint HT8(Shaofu) bilaterally during 2 days before KA injection. After an intraperitoneal injection of 30 mg/kg KA, acupuncture treatment was subsequently administered once more(total 3 times), and the degree of seizure was observed for 120 min. The neuronal cell death, pERK expression, and astrocyte activation confirmed 1 hour and 24 hours after KA injection. Results : Acupuncture treatment at HT8 suppressed KA-induced epileptic seizure. One hour after KA injection, the pERK expression was increased, which was reduced by the acupuncture treatment. Twenty four hours after injection, the treatment decreased the KA-induced neuronal cell death, the interleukin-$1{\beta}$ expression and the astrocyte activation in the CA3 region of the mouse hippocampus. Conclusions : Acupuncture treatment at HT8 decreases the KA-induced epileptic seizure, the neural cell inflammation and death.

• BMB Reports
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.80-85
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• 2013

We investigated the temporal alterations of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) immunoreactivity in the hippocampus after seizure onset. Expression of ACTH was observed within inter-neurons in the pre-seizure group of seizure sensitive gerbils, whereas its immunoreactivities were rarely detected in seizure resistant gerbil. Three hr after the seizure, ACTH immunoreac-tivity was significantly increased in interneurons within all hippocampal regions. On the basis of their localization and morphology through immunofluorescence staining, these cells were identified as $GABA_A$ ${\alpha}1$-containing interneurons. At the 12 hr postictal period, ACTH expression in these regions was down-regulated, in a similar manner to the pre-seizure group of gerbils. These findings support the increase in ACTH synthesis that contributes to a reduction of corticotrophin-releasing factor via the negative feedback system which in turn provides an opportunity to enhance the excitability of GABAergic interneurons. Therefore, ACTH may play an important role in the reduction of excitotoxicity in all hippocampal regions.

• 음성과학
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.221-232
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• 2007

Topiramate (TPM) is a new antiepileptic drug characterized by a clinical effective reduction in seizure frequency and it represents a useful drug effective in a wide range of epileptic patients. Known side effects are represented by weight loss, hypohidrosis, anorexia, sedation, nephrolithiasis, cognitive complaints and language disorders. This study is to examine acoustic characteristics of patients with TPM. 15 patients were assessed through a Computerized Speech Lab (CSL) applied before the beginning of therapy with TPM and 3 months after medication had been stabilized. Tests had been chosen to assess voice onset time (VOT), total duration (TD), vowel formants, loudness, pitch, speaking rate, and articulation patterns. We compared the data from patients and healthy volunteers. The statistical analysis of the results did not show changes in acoustic tests, except for TD which was increased. The increase of the TD is evaluated as a deterioration of fluency. Our results suggest that patients with TPM did not experience acoustic speech changes except that fluency was declined. Unlike previous studies, the medication of TPM has nothing to do with speech problems in patients with epilepsy.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제62권3호
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• pp.296-301
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• 2019

An epileptic seizure is defined as the transient occurrence of signs and/or symptoms due to abnormally excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain. The type of seizure is defined by the mode of onset and termination, clinical manifestation, and by the abnormal enhanced synchrony. If seizures recur, that state is defined as epilepsy. Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are the mainstay of treatment. Knowledge about initiating and maintaining adequate AEDs is beneficial for the clinician who treats children with epilepsy. This article will delineate the general principles for selecting, introducing, and discontinuing AEDs and outline guidelines for monitoring adverse effects. In general, AED therapy following a first unprovoked seizure in children is not recommended. However, treatment should be considered after a second seizure. In children and adolescents, if they are seizure-free for at least 2 years, attempts to withdraw medication/s should be made, taking into account the risks vs. benefits for the individual patient. The decision on when and what AED to use should be tailored according to the patient. For optimal treatment, the selection of adequate AEDs can be achieved by considering the precise definition of the patient's seizure and epilepsy syndrome. Continuous monitoring of both therapeutic and adverse effects is critical for successful treatment with AEDs.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제45권10호
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• pp.1251-1262
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• 2002

목 적 : 간질아동 부모들이 경험하는 스트레스 수준을 살펴보고 부모 및 아동의 특성과 부모가 겪는 스트레스의 관계를 파악하고자 하였다. 방 법: 부산 대구 경북지역 소재 4개 대학병원 간질클리닉에서 간질로 진단 치료를 받고 있는 간질 아동의 부모를 조사대상으로 구조화된 설문지를 이용한 면접조사 및 반송우편을 이용한 조사를 하였다. 결 과 : 간질아동 부모의 스트레스 수준은 그리 높게 나타나지는 않았으며, 간질아동 부모간에 스트레스 수준의 유의한 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 항경련제 종류의 수와 부모의 스트레스 수준간에는 상관관계를 보였고, 모의 경우에 간질아동을 양육하는 시간이 많을수록 스트레스가 증가하며, 아동의 나이가 어릴수록 모가 느끼는 스트레스가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 항경련제 종류의 수가 증가하거나 환아가 특수학교에 다니는 경우, 환아가 복합 간질을 가졌을 경우, 그리고 환아에게 장애가 동반되었을 때 부와 모 모두에서 스트레스가 높게 나타났다. 또한 모의 경우에는, 간질아동 양육 시간이 많은 경우, 환아의 나이가 어릴 경우, 경련의 빈도가 빈번할 경우, 그리고 아동의 갑작스러운 사망을 우려하는 경우에도 스트레스 수준이 높게 나타났고, 부의 경우에는 간질의 치료기간이 장기간일 경우에도 스트레스 수준이 높게 나타났다. 결 론 : 간질아동의 질병 관련 특성에 의하여 부모의 스트레스 수준이 좌우됨을 알 수 있었고, 주로 난치성 간질이나 장애를 동반한 'epilepsy-plus' 간질아동의 부모에게서 스트레스 수준이 높았으며, 이런 간질아동 부모들에 대한 사회심리학적 접근이 고려되어야 할 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.85-93
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• 2009

Objectives The purpose of this study is to report a case which gave various remarkable epilepsy treatment results by using oriental medicine. Methods We treated the patient with acupuncture as a main treatment and herbal medicine. We also recommended to the patient and patient's parents to continue oriental medical treatment for 2 years from now because symptomatic epilepsy is a type of disease which needs long term care. Results The epileptic seizure has been well controlled for 12 months so far, and the results was recorded by EEG. The EEG level was in normal range. Conclusions Even though this is only one case of the study but this case has an important meaning because the epilepsy was treated by oriental medicine, especially acupuncture treatment. The control of the symptomatic epileptic seizure was effective by means of increasing patient's quality of life. Further studies about effective treatment of symptomatic epilepsy would be needed with more various cases.

• 대한의용생체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한의용생체공학회 1997년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.358-361
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• 1997

This paper describes a multichannel epileptic seizure detection algorithm based on wavelet transform(WT), artificial neural network(ANN) and expert system. First, through the WT, a small number of wavelet coefficients is used to represent the single channel epileptic spike. Next, 3-layer feed-forward network employing the error back propagation algorithm is trained and tested using parameters obtained above. Finally, 16 channel expert system which is based on clinical experience is introduced as a artifact rejection and reliable detection. The suggested algorithm was implemented on personal computer(PC). Two main events i.e., epileptiform and normal activities, were selected from 32 person's EEGs(normal: 20, seizure disorder: 12) in consensus among experts. The result was that WT reduced data input size and ANN detected 97 of the 100 EEGs containing definite spike - sensitivity of 97%. Expert rule system was capable of rejecting a wide variety of artifacts commonly found in EEG recordings. It also reduced false positive detections of ANN.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.1175-1179
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• 2018

본 논문에서는 뇌파 신호를 이용하여 환자의 경련을 감지하는 순환 CNN (Convolutional Neural Networks)을 제안한다. 제안 된 방법은 뇌파 신호의 스펙트럼 특성과 전극의 위치를 보존하기 위해 영상으로 데이터를 매핑하여 처리하였다. 스펙트럼 전처리 과정을 거친 후 CNN에 입력하고 공간 및 시간 특성을 웨이블릿 변환(wavelet transform)없이 추출하여 발작을 검출하였다. 여기에 사용된 보스턴 매사추세츠 공과 대학 (Boston Massachusetts Institute of Technology, CHB-MIT) 아동 병원의 데이터셋 결과는 시간당 0.85의 민감도와 90 %의 위양성 비율 (FPR)을 보였다.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.217-229
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• 2020

Long-term electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring is time-consuming, and requires experts to interpret EEG signals to detect seizures in patients. In this paper, we propose a novel automated method called adaptive slope of wavelet coefficient counts over various thresholds (ASCOT) to classify patient episodes as seizure waveforms. ASCOT involves extracting the feature matrix by calculating the mean slope of wavelet coefficient counts over various thresholds in each frequency subband. We validated our method using our own database and a public database to avoid overtuning. The experimental results show that the proposed method achieved a reliable and promising accuracy in both our own database (98.93%) and the public database (99.78%). Finally, we evaluated the performance of the method considering various window sizes. In conclusion, the proposed method achieved a reliable seizure detection performance with a short-term window size. Therefore, our method can be utilized to interpret long-term EEG results and detect momentary seizure waveforms in diagnostic systems.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.99-110
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• 2007

Objectives : Epilepsy is one of the most common serious brain disorders that affect people of all ages, and it is characterized by recurrent unprovoked seizures. We examined whether acupuncture can reduce both the incidence of seizures and hippocampal cell death in dentate gyrus (DG) using a mouse model of kainic acid (KA)-induced epilepsy. Methods : ICR mice ($20{\sim}25$ g) were given acupuncture once a day at acupoint HT8 (sobu) bilaterally during 2 days before KA injection. After an intracerebroventricular injection of 0.1${\mu}g$ of KA, acupuncture treatment was subsequently administered once more (total 3 times), and the degree of seizure was observed for 20 min. Three hours after injection, we confirmed the neural cell death using cresyl violet staining and silver impregnation staining, and determined the expressions of c-Fos and glutamate decarboxylase (GAD)-67 using immunohistochemistry techniques in the DG. Results : KA induced epileptic seizure, neural cell death, increased c-Fos expression and decreased GAD-67 expression in the DG. Acupuncture treatment at HT8 reduced the severity of the epileptic seizure and inhibited neural cell death from KA. In addition, acupuncture normalized the expressions of c-Fos and GAD-67 in the same areas. Conclusions : These results demonstrated that acupuncture treatment at HT8 may reduce the KA-induced epileptic seizure and neural cell death in the DG possibly by normalizing c-Fos expressions and the gamma-aminobutyric acid neurons.