• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.172-176
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• 2014

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is becoming an important public health problem as metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes have become epidemic. In this study we investigated the protective effect of Cordyceps militaris (C. militaris) against NAFLD in an obese mouse model. MATERIALS/METHODS: Four-week-old male ob/ob mice were fed an AIN-93G diet or a diet containing 1% C. militaris water extract for 10 weeks after 1 week of adaptation. Serum glucose, insulin, free fatty acid (FFA), alanine transaminase (ALT), and proinflammatory cytokines were measured. Hepatic levels of lipids, glutathione (GSH), and lipid peroxide were determined. RESULTS: Consumption of C. militaris significantly decreased serum glucose, as well as homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), in ob/ob mice. In addition to lowering serum FFA levels, C. militaris also significantly decreased hepatic total lipids and triglyceride contents. Serum ALT activities and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were reduced by C. militaris. Consumption of C. militaris increased hepatic GSH and reduced lipid peroxide levels. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that C. militaris can exert protective effects against development of NAFLD, partly by reducing inflammatory cytokines and improving hepatic antioxidant status in ob/ob mice.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권12호
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• pp.7237-7241
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• 2013

Background: Smokeless tobacco use in South Asia is believed to be a significant contributor to morbidity and mortality. In India, only a few studies involving health educational intervention by health care providers have demonstrated reduction in smokeless tobacco usage. In the present study we assessed the cessation efforts towards smokeless tobacco by physicians in two high tobacco prevalence states of India. The study also identified opportunities and barriers for integration of tobacco cessation services in routine practices of physicians. Materials and Methods: This mixed method study involved qualitative (phase I) and quantitative research study (phase II). In phase I, 59 in-depth interviews with physicians were conducted. In phase II, a quantitative study conducted among 238 physicians. An inductive approach was followed to analyze qualitative data using ATLAS. Ti software. The Chi-square test was employed to test the association between different variables of interest using SPSS version 17. Results: The majority of physicians related only respiratory problems and cancer with smokeless tobacco. Other major health effects like cardio-vascular problems, oral diseases, and effects on reproductive and neonatal health were recognized only by a few physicians. The age-group of 10-19 years was identified as most vulnerable to smokeless tobacco use. Less than one-third of physicians reported recording smokeless tobacco history of all patients. Findings indicated that less than half of physicians provided information on harmful health effects of smokeless tobacco with regard to specific diseases. Conclusions: The study revealed a low level of knowledge of physicians about harmful effects of tobacco and their suboptimal engagement in tobacco control practices. The study indicates the need of capacity building initiatives to equip physicians with skills in tobacco cessation.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권12호
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• pp.7075-7080
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• 2013

Background: Oral submucosal fibrosis (OSMF) is one of the most prevalent premalignant conditions in India which is easy to diagnose but difficult to manage. At present it is considered as irreversible and incurable. It has also been referred to as an epidemic in India. Aims and Objectives: To correlate the frequency and duration of habits with clinical staging, functional staging and histopathological grading and to correlate the clinical and functional staging with histopathological grading. Materials and Methods: The study included a total of 90 subjects, 80 with OSMF in the experimental group and 10 patients in the control group. Patient personal history was recorded with chewing habits, including frequency and duration of chewing. The site of keeping the quid, time duration and whether he/she swallows it or spits it were also noted. Clinical staging was done on the presence of palpable fibrous bands. Functional staging was accomplished by measuring mouth opening. Incisional biopsy was done for all the patients for histopathological examination. Histopathological grading was according to Pindborg and Sirsat. Results: The experimental group comprised 71 males and 9 females, the majority of which were in the age group of 21-30 years. Correlation of habits with clinical staging, functional staging and histopathological grading were significant (p<0.05). Clinical and functional staging did not correlate with histopathological grading, but the correlation of clinical and functional staging was highly significant (p<0.01). Conclusions: The widespread habit of chewing gutkha is a major risk factor for OSMF, especially in the younger age group. In this study, it was found that with increase in the duration and frequency of the habit the severity of the disease increased.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권11호
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• pp.4929-4934
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• 2016

Cancer, a worldwide epidemic disease with diverse origins, involves abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade other parts of the body. Globally, it is the main cause of mortality and morbidity. To overcome the drawbacks of the commercially available chemotherapies, natural products-loaded nano-composites are recommended to improve cancer targetability and decrease the harmful impact on normal cells. This study aimed at exploring the anti-cancer impacts of Moringa oleifera seed oil in its free- (MO) and nano-formulations (MOn) through studying whether it mechanistically promotes mitochondrial apoptosis-mediating cell death. Mitochondrial-based cytotoxicity and flow cytometric-based apoptosis analyses were performed on cancer HepG2, MCF7, HCT 116, and Caco-2 cell lines against normal kidney BHK-21 cell line. The present study resulted that MOn triggered colorectal cancer Caco-2 and HCT 116 cytotoxicity via mitochondrial dysfunction more powerful than its free counterpart (MO). On the other side, MOn and MO remarkably induces HCT 116 mitochondrial apoptosis, while sparing normal BHK-21 cells with minimal cytotoxic effect. The present results concluded that nano-micelle of Moringa oleifera seed oil (MOn) can provide a novel therapeutic approach for colorectal and breast cancers via mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis, while sparing normal and even liver cancer cells a bit healthy or with minimal harmful effect. Intriguingly, MOn induced breast cancer not hepatocellular carcinoma cell death.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.63-72
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• 2012

In livestock industry, damage caused by the epidemic diseases such as Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD), Highly-Pathogenic-Avian-Influenza (HPAI) and Porcine-Reproductive-and-Respiratory-Syndrome (PRRS) was very serious. The financial loss incurred from FMD alone which occurred on Nov. 2011 in Korea was estimated at 3 billion won, 23 % of annual livestock industry production. The livestock industry in Korea has greater risk of disease infection because of high density production, etc. Investigating the spread of livestock diseases should consider both direct and indirect contact as well as other various factors including airborne. Airborne infection of livestock disease was first hypothesised in the early 1900s, however, field experimental studies are still limited. Furthermore, no protocol is available in detecting airborne viruses in the field. In this study, effective virus samplers were investigated by comparative analysis of the type of samplers used detect to airborne virus. Laboratory experiments were conducted to compare virus samplers such as Bio-sampler, Dust-sampler, Compact-Cascade-Impactor (CCI) and Microflow in detecting PRRSV. Samples were analyzed by Reverse-Transcription PCR to assess the efficiency of the instrument in detecting the airborne virus. First, samples were classified into five levels according to light intensity of gel images and then the classified results were normalized. In every case, Bio-sampler and Dust-sampler were comparable with each other and have shown to be more effective than CCI and Microflow samplers.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.126-130
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• 2007

Obesity is a worldwide epidemic problem. The downward trend of an obesity onset age calls for research efforts on how to develop useful nutrition educational programs for children to maintain adequate body weight. Understanding the roles of objective and subjective body status in obesity-related attitudes, knowledge, and behaviors can provide important information. The current study aimed to examine obesity-related attitudes and knowledge and practices of eating behavior guidelines in relation to obesity and body shape satisfaction among children. The gender effect in the relations was also investigated. A self-administered survey was conducted with 260 fifth grade children at 2 public elementary schools in the suburbs of Seoul. Information on demographics, body size, body satisfaction, obesity-related attitudes and knowledge, and eating behaviors was collected. Study findings from one-way analysis of variance tests indicated no differences in mean scores of the attitudes, knowledge, and eating behaviors across the levels of obesity for both gender. The levels of body shape satisfaction was, however, found to be significantly related with the attitudes and eating behaviors in girls, while no such relation was seen in boys. Girls with lower body shape dissatisfaction had significantly more negative attitudes toward obesity which was not translated into practice of healthy eating behaviors. That is, contrary to general expectation, the level of practicing the eating behavior guidelines was significantly lower in those girls. While underlying reasons for this observation is not fully answered, gender-specific, body satisfaction-stratified, and behavior-focused approach in designing obesity prevention programs for elementary school girls is suggested efficient and useful.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.683-690
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• 2016

현대사회는 재난의 빈도가 많아지고 그에 따른 피해는 날로 더해지고 있다. 또한 불가측한 미래는 사회안전에 대한 불안한 심리를 가중시키고 있다. 이에 따라 사회안전에 대한 국가적 위기 상황을 대비하기 위해서 ICT 강국으로서 정부의 역할과 빅데이터 활용 서비스 메커니즘 태세의 재난관리체계로의 전환이 필요하다. 따라서 재난을 사전에 예측하고 발생한 재난을 효율적으로 관리하기 위해 전자정부는 재난대응 시스템을 갖추어야 한다. 재난은 다양성, 복잡성, 불가측성 등으로 현대사회의 특성과 유기적 관계가 있기 때문에 그 관리의 효율성을 위해 다양한 접근과 복합적인 처방으로 대국민에게 재난의 불안을 해소해 주어야 한다. 이에 따라 본 고에서 사회안전을 위해 전자정부는 공적으로 효율적인 빅데이터를 잘 활용하여 재난에 대한 대국민 불안 심리를 줄이는 방안으로서 전염병 조기경보 알고리즘 모델을 도식적으로 제시하였다. 또한 전자정부 역할의 중요성을 인식하고 우리의 총체적 부실시스템 원인의 문제점 분석을 통해 그 해결방안으로서 재난대응을 위한 정책적 함의를 제언하였다.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.189-200
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a subsequent infection of PCV2 on piglets with PEDV. In clinical signs, the signs observed in dual-infected with PEDV and PCV2 piglets and alone infected with PEDV piglets ranged from diarrhoea to vomiting and dehydration. Dual-infected piglets developed signs of anorexia, vomiting and watery diarrhoea within 12 hpi. Nevertheless alone -infected piglets caused pasty diarrhea at first. In mortality, dual infections showed 25%, but alone -infections showed 8.3%, respectively. In gross findings, piglets dual-infected with PEDV and PCV2 appeared the severe findings of congestion, distension of lumen, milder curdes of undigested milk in stomach than those of single-infected piglets. In histopathological findings, piglets of dual-infection group appeared the more severe findings of villous atrophy and fusion, congesion, exfoliation, vacuolation, squamation, loss of cilia and proliferation of crypt. Significant (P<0.05) decrease in VH:CD ratio in dually infected piglets compared to piglets from alone-PEDV infections. In immunohistochemical findings, strong hybridization signals in dual-infected piglets observed moderate to severe villous atrophy or vacuolation with positive cells arranged continuously over the villi. In the lumen, exfoliated enterocytes were strongly positive in dual-infected piglets. A number of PEDV-positive cells in dual-infected pigs were significantly higher than that in alone PEDV-infected piglets.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.177-187
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a subsequent infection of PCV2 on piglets with PEDV. The results obtained were as follows: Antibodies against PCV2 and PEDV were detected at 24, 36, 48, 60 and 72h postinfection. And the antibody titers of alone infections with PEDV were gradually reduced and increased from 60 hpi to 72 hpi. Whereas, the antibody titers of dual infections with PCV2 and PEDV were gradually reduced all the time. PEDV antigens were detected at 24, 36, 48, 60 and 72 hpi, being seen almost exclusively in feces and small intestines from PEDV-infected piglets and PCV2-coinfected piglets. The detection rate of PEDV in feces and jejunum tissues by RT-PCR were 94.9% and 91.1% in dual infections and 87.1% and 83.6% in alone infections with PEDV, respectively. In dual infected piglets, significantly more PEDV antigens were detected in the feces and small intestines tissues at 24 hpi (P<0.05) than in the same feces and tissues of the alone infected piglets. Thereafter, at 72 hpi significantly more PEDV antigens (P<0.05) was detected in the jejunal tissues of the dual infected piglets with than of alone PEDV-infected piglets. The detection rate of PEDV antigen in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum by IFA were 91.3%, 91.3% and 83.3% in dual infected piglets and 75.0%, 83% and 75% in alone infected piglets, respectively. Intense and specific fluorescence signals were more often seen within jejunal villous enterocytes in dual infected piglets than alone infected piglets.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.163-170
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• 1971

Since the report in 1946 on the first isolation of Japanese encephalitis virus in Korea, the disease is known to occur every year and has occasionally spread in epidemic proportion among human populations. Because of its public health importance, it was deemed highly desirable to gain specific information as to natural history of the disease in Korea if we are to accomplish our ultimate objective of controling the disease in Korea. There still remain, however, unknown factors as to the ecology of Japanese encephalitis virus in Korea. This paper presents the results of serologic study on Korean cattle, hog and horse by means of hemagglutination inhibition (H.I.) test. The serum specimens were collected from Korean cattle, hog and horse their estimated ages being 3 to 9 years, 6 to 24 months and 2 to 14 years respectively, by jugular puncture; in Seoul and Kyung-Ki are a from the first part of May to November last, 1968. The strain used was designated by M 5/596. The methods of H.I. test employed in this study were essentially simillar to those employed by Clark and Fred. The results obtained summarized as follows; 1. Of samples of cattle sera tested, 183 (98%) was found to be positive, H.I. antibodies showing the highest proportion, on September. The lowest proportion showed 81 (68%) of 117 samples, on June. 2. One hundred and ninety-five and 114 swine serum samples tested were all of positive in both on September and October respectively. The lowest proportion showed 92 (29%) of 314 on June too. 3. Ninety (99%) of 91 equine serum samples tested contained demonstrable H.I. antibodies the highest proportion, on August. The lowest proportion was 19 (27%) of 70 samples on June. 4. Implications of these findings in the ecology of Japanese encephalitis Seoul and Kyung-Ki area were discussed.