• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.331-342
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• 2004

We study the problem of controlling data overhead of mesh-based multicast ad hoc routing protocols by adaptively adding redundancy to the minimal data overhead multicast mesh as required by the network conditions. We show that the computation of the minimal data overhead multicast mesh is NP-complete, and we propose an heuristic approximation algorithm inspired on epidemic algorithms. In addition, we propose a mobility-aware and adaptive mesh construction algorithm based on a probabilistic path selection being able to adapt the reliability of the multicast mesh to the mobility of the network. Our simulation results show that the proposed approach, when implemented into ODMRP, is able to offer similar performance results and a lower average latency while reducing data overhead between 25 to 50% compared to the original ODMRP.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.4
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• pp.29-46
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• 2001

This research is based on the protection of the social safty with the preventive measures against Creutzfedt-jakob's and Mad cow Disease which has been drawn an attention of the public. It also has Known as an epidemic with rapid transmission an severe conteminaton to hurt the health through beef. In this work, some fruitful suggestions have been made to prevent and to minimize the harms Creutzfedt-jakob's and Mad Cow Disease : 1) We should Pay attention to the prior preventive measures by detecting the modes and the causes of the contemination lute route ; 2) there should be a step to inoculate the cattles to provide non-conteminated fresh feed for cows ; and 3) a health official should be alert to prevent the rapid transmission to the public by breaking the infected route of it.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.45-58
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• 2002

Appearance of a new disease can be seen as a raising a question to the established medicine system. If the problem can not be solved, the established medicine system becomes a degenerating program. So, the process of discovering the nature of a disease and giving a medical explanation was studied focused on smallpox. When smallpox was infected in the begining, many were killed especially mortality of young people were high. It is a general process of contagious diseases known as an epidemic. When the plague is prevalent continuously, it comes to stay and becomes a pediatric disease called smallpox. Time of discovering the nature of smallpox and giving a medical explanation and the time that came to stay are correspondant. This process of medical explanation is a dialectical process.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.81-88
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• 2008

The security threat posed by worms has steadily increased in recent years. This paper discusses the application of the optimal and sub-optimal Internet worm control via Pontryagin's maximum principle. To this end, a control variable representing the optimal treatment strategy for infectious hosts is introduced into the two-factor worm model. The numerical optimal control laws are implemented by the multiple shooting method and the sub-optimal solution is computed using genetic algorithms. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed optimal and sub-optimal strategies. It also provides a theoretical interpretation of the practical experience that the maximum implementation of treatment in the early stage is critically important in controlling outbreaks of Internet worms. Furthermore, our results show that the proposed sub-optimal control can lead to performance close to the optimal control, but with much simpler strategies for long periods of time in practical use.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.27 no.10
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• pp.1727-1735
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• 2017

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infections cause epidemic or sporadic acute hepatitis, which are mostly self-limiting. However, viral infection in immunocompromised patients and pregnant women may result in serious consequences, such as chronic hepatitis and liver damage, mortality of the latter of which reaches up to 20-30%. Type I interferon (IFN)-induced antiviral immunity is known to be the first-line defense against virus infection. Upon HEV infection in the cell, the virus genome is recognized by pathogen recognition receptors, leading to rapid activation of intracellular signaling cascades. Expression of type I IFN triggers induction of a barrage of IFN-stimulated genes, helping the cells cope with viral infection. Interestingly, some of the HEV-encoded genes seem to be involved in disrupting signaling cascades for antiviral immune responses, and thus crippling cytokine/chemokine production. Antagonistic mechanisms of type I IFN responses by HEV have only recently begun to emerge, and in this review, we summarize known HEV evasion strategies and compare them with those of other hepatitis viruses.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.489-496
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• 2007

An oligonucleotide microarray system was developed for the simultaneous detection of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, transmissible gastroenteritis virus, porcine enteric calicivirus, porcine group A and C rotavirus. RNAs of the reference viruses and porcine diarrhea samples were extracted and amplified using one-step multiplex RT-PCR in the presence of cyanine 5-dCTP and hybridized on the microarray chip that spotted the virus-specific oligonucleotides. This system were approximately 10-to 100-fold higher in sensitivity than conventional RT-PCR, and the assay time was less than 3 hours. The relative sensitivity and specificity were 92% and 72.2%, respectively, based on 102 porcine diarrhea samples using RT-PCR as gold standard. These results suggested that the oligonucleotide microarray system in this study be probably more reliable and reproducible means for detecting porcine enteric viruses and that it could be of substantial use in routine diagnostic laboratories.

• 대한예방의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.294-295
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• 2001

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.97-104
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• 1980

A few years ago a WHO Expert Committee stated: 'Smoking related diseases are such important causes of disability and premature death in developed countries that the control of cigarette smoking could do more to improve health and prolong life in these countries than any other single action in the whole field of preventive medicine.' (WHO TRS 568/1975) Indeed, so serious have been the consequences of smiting in the developed countries of North America and Europe that they could not be ignored. Let us look at the action taken in some of these countries. We may then be able to draw up some guidelines for the formulation of a national anti-smoking policy-guidelines applicable both to countries which already are experiencing the dreadful consequances of long-established and wide-spread smoking habits, and applicable also to countries where the 'smoking epidemic' is only noly beginning to bring its burden of disability and early death.

• Particle and aerosol research
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.81-90
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• 2010

Several studies have suggested the possibility of airborne transmission of infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, pandemic influenza. because the number of patients increases explosively, if infectious disease had a high basic reproduction number, pharmaceutical interventions such as vaccination, chemoprophylaxis in the early stage of epidemic. Thus, non-pharmaceutical interventions such as mask-wearing, installing air cleaners, school closure are important to control and prevent the infectious diseases. However, the current technology on the mask, air cleaning, ventilation, and etc., seems to be not originated from the understanding of infection via airborne transmission. It is important to estimate the aerodynamic behavior of saliva droplets by coughing or speaking in order to understand the phenomena of airborne infection. In addition, the prediction of transmission of infectious diseases through the air is critical to prevent or minimize the damage of infection. In this review, we reviewed the recent studies on the airborne infection by focusing on the aerodynamic characteristics of saliva droplets and modeling of airborne transmission.

• CELLMED
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.24.1-24.5
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• 2012

Obesity is psychological and socioeconomic problems as well as health problems related to physical disease and disorder. The obesity epidemic, including a marked increase in the prevalence of obesity among pregnant women, represents a critical public health problem throughout the world. Gung-Gui-Tang (GGT), a prescription of traditional Korean medicine, has been used to treat dizziness due to loss of blood as well as static blood after childbirth. However, the therapeutic potential of GGT on postpartum obesity has not been fully elucidated in an experimental model. In our research, GGT inhibited the increases of body weight and adipose tissues in postpartum mice fed a high-fat diet. GGT also inhibited the elevations of plasma lipid profiles such as triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, and glutamate pyruvate transaminase. Overall, these results provide evidence that GGT can help to inhibit postpartum obesity and open new perspective to recover the shape of mother into the moment of conception.