• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.123-134
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• 1980

A new glycoside was isolated from Acanthopanax chiisanensis Nakai (Araliaceae) leaves and its biological activity was investigated. The new glycoside was tentatively assigned the structure of Asecotriterpenoid glycoside, $C_{48}H_{76}O_{19}$ m.p. $208~209^{\circ}$ and named chiisanoside. Chiisanoside exhibited non-toxic effects and significant antihistaminic activity. It was found that chiisanoside showed the antidiabetic activity against epinehrine-and alloxan-induced diabetes, decreased the toxicity of $LD_{50}$ by ephedrine hydrochloride and promoted the elimination of chloramphenicol from blood. Chiisanoside also increased the survival rate in rats intoxicated by carbon tetrachloride from death and led to re-establishment of normal enzymatic function. In the histopathological studies, chiisanoside improved fatty degeneration and parenchymal cell necrosis of the liver induced by carbon tetrachloride in rats.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.223.3-224
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• 2003

Chiral discrimination of ibuprofen by $^1$H-NMR using several chiral solvating agents such as (-)-brucine, (-)-cinchonidine, (1R, 2S)-(-)-ephedrine, (S)-(-)-${\alpha}$- methylbenzylamine, (-)-strychnine and L-(-)-tryptophane was investigated. Racemic ibuprofen treated with one equivalent of chiral solvating agent was preferentially crystallized. Chiral purity of each precipitates was measured by chiral HPLC and chemical shift differences(ΔΔ$\delta$) was calculated. Eventhough (S)-(-)-${\alpha}$-methylbenzylamine was most effective for the preferential recrystalization of (S)-(+)-ibuprofen, chemical shift differentiation ability was weak. (omitted)

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.147.2-147.2
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• 2002

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.188-196
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• 2006

Background: Ma-huang (Ephedra sinica) has been widely used to treat respiratory disease in oriental medicine for over a hundred years. Ma-huang preparations contain approximately 1.25% ephedrine alkaloids. Recently, the ephedra alkaloids have received much press lately due to adverse effects in those using whole extracts as 'dietary supplements' for weight loss or athletic performance enhancement, and these reports are troubling given the increasing use of Ma-huang by the general public. The purpose of this report is to determine the proper dosage to minimize adverse effects and maximize the potential curative value. Objectives : The object of this study was to find an effective yet low risk dosage of Ma-huang. Methods : The study was designed as a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial. The subjects of this study were 26 adults between 20 to 40 of age who agreed to participate in this study. They were allocated through randomization into three groups. Each group took three opaque capsules three times a day. A group (N=9) took one Ma-huang capsule and two placebo capsules, B group (N=8) took two Ma-huang capsules and one placebo capsule, C group (N=9) took three Ma-huang capsules. The total trial periods was two days. To compare the adverse effects of Ma-huang according to dosage, blood pressure and pulse were checked, and other adverse effects were assessed using a morning questionnaire, patient's global assessment scale and Wong-Baker faces pain rating. Results : The following result were obtained: 1. After taking 18 g of Ma-huang per day, pulse rate had a significant increase. 2. After taking more than 6 g of Ma-huang per day, palpitation would be increased significantly. 3. After taking more than 18 g of Ma-huang per day, tiredness would be increased significantly. Conclusion: According to the results, 12 g of Ma-huang per day will minimize adverse effects and maximize the potential curative value.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.407-412
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• 2006

Bioluminescence single-site immunometric assay for methamphetamine (MA) using the native aequorin, a photoprotein, as a signal generator was developed for the first time. MA is a potent sympathomimetic amine with stimulant effects on the central nervous system. MA abuse induces hallucinations and, thus, may cause a serious social problem. The single-site immunometric MA assay was optimized and its dose-response behavior was examined. The dose-response curve shows that the detection limit is 1.1 ${\times}$ $10^{-10}$ M and a dynamic range is four orders of magnitude with 15 $\mu$g/mL BSA-MA conjugate and 1.0 ${\times}$ $10^{-8}$ M anti-MA antibody-biotin conjugate. In order to evaluate this assay, the structurally similar compounds, amphetamine, ephedrine, norephedrine, benzphetamine and N-4-(aminobutyl)methamphetamine were examined for their crossreactivity. None of these five compounds showed any cross-reactivity. Additionally, an artificial urine solution spiked with MA was analyzed by the MA assay, and the result of the analysis demonstrated the usefulness of the present assay for the determination of MA in urine.

• Journal of Korean Traditional Oncology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.95-103
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• 2006

Objective: Gami-Samhwang-San, a herbal prescription for obesity treatment, is composed of seven crude herbs such as Ephedrae Herba, Scutellariae Radix, Acori Gramineri Rhizoma, Polygalae Radix, Typhae Pollen, Armeniacae Semen, Nelumbo Folium. This study was aimed to evaluate marker substances in n-butanol fraction (SH-21-B) from Gami-Samhwang-San by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). And we predicted inhibition activity of major compounds of Gami-Samhwang-San using Quantitative Structure Activity Relationships (QSAR) Methods: The separation was performed on a YMC J,sphere-H80 CI8(250${\times}$4.6 mm I.D) column by gradient elution with $H_3PO_4$ buffers in acetonitrile as the moblie phase at a flow-rate of 1.0ml/min. Results: HPLC was employed to determine the quantities and the qualities of several marker substances such as ephedrine, pseudoephedirne, baicalin, ${\beta}-asarone$, tenuifoliside, naringenin, amygdalin and hyperoside in the SH-21-B. Conclusion: We suggest this results could be a useful evidence for quality control of SH-21-B.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.293-299
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• 2007

1. Objectives The main ingredient of ephedra is ephedrine which affects on autonomic nervous system induce some adverse effects just like vasoconstriction, hypertension, tachycardia, miosis, insomnia, dizziness, headache, and etc. and heart disease. If we use Mahuang according to the Sasang constitution classification in clinic, we could not only may minimize the anxiety but maximize the potential curative value in Asthma Treatment. 2. Methods On a day three times in Mahangjungchentang taken patients who with Ventricular septal defect in the aftermath of the RBBB. We are observed that the main symptoms of change, vital sign, sleep, stool, urine, heart disease. 3. Results Teaumin with asthma, the effect of Mahuang, and the side effects are fewer. The individual effects of herbs are important. but Sasang constitutional effects are important too. 4 Conclusions Mahuang can increase heart disease. But there was a difference among Sasang constitution classification. This has no side effects from Teaumin than other constitutions. If we use Mahuang according to the Sasang constitution classification in clinic. We have an excellent effect on the treatment of asthma.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.22-26
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• 2011

Korean traditional prescription, Oyaksungisan was usually used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, paralysis. In this study, we compared the contents of five major components, ephedrine HCl, ferulic acid, hesperidin, 6-gingerol, glycyrrhizin and various unknown compounds in Ohyaksungisan (OY) with fermented Ohyaksungisan (FOY) by established HPLC-DAD method. The neuroprotective activity against glutamate-induced cytotoxicity in HT22 cell of OY and FOY was investigated by MTT assay. And anti-oxidative activity of OY and FOY was measured by DPPH radical, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity. After fermentation, contents of five major components and some unknown compounds (1), (2), (3) and (4) were increased in FOY. Also, FOY showed more potent neuroprotective activity. Furthermore, anti-oxidative activity of FOY was increased. In conclusion, the fermentation of OY could change contents various compounds and improved its neuroprotective activity.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2016

Objectives The purpose of this study is to report the case of nocturnal enuresis in two children treated by using hypothesis that awareness during sleep may improves symptoms. Methods Enuresis children usually are not even aware of nocturnal urea due to excessive sleep. During the sleep cycle, enuresis children do not tend to have sleep-wake transition period compared to normal children. Ephedrine, the main ingredient of Ephedra sinica (麻黃), has a wakening effect. Two pediatric patients, who were suffering from nocturnal enuresis, were administered by Tosatang-gamibang (菟絲湯加味方) added Ephedra sinica (麻黃) or Boatang-gamibang (補兒湯加味方) added Ephedra sinica (麻黃) while correcting unhealthy voiding habit. Results As a result of the treatment, two pediatric patients were recovered without relapse. Conclusions In this report, we have proven that Tosatang-gamibang (菟絲湯加味方) added Ephedra sinica (麻黃) or Boatang-gamibang (補兒湯加味方) added Ephedra sinica (麻黃) and correcting voiding habit can considerably be effective in recovering nocturnal enuresis.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.260-263
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• 1996

High spinal block is a rare complication during epidural block, but it may result in serious events. 56-year-old man with gall stones was scheduled for cholecystectomy under general anesthesia. After operation, lumbar epidural catheterization was done at $T_{8-9}$ interspace for postoperative pain control. At the recovery room, initial bolus drug (0.1% bupivacaine 10 ml containing fentanyl $100{\mu}g$) was administered via epidural catheter and observed carefully. 15 minutes later, hypotension and bradycardia ouccurred. Hartman' solution was administered rapidly and ephedrine 5 mg was injected. 30 minutes after drug administration, loss of consciousness and respiratory arrest developed. Tracheal intubation was done immediately. Cardiovascular and respiratory functions were monitored continuously. The location of intrathecal catheter was confirmed by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) seen in syringe after aspiration of catheter. The patient recovered gradually and was placed in the ward 4 hours after drug administration, without any problems. He was discharged 1 week later in good health.