• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.403-411
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• 2021

This study was designed to evaluate the gastroprotective activity of cirsilineol in hydrochloric acid (HCl)/ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model. Cirsilineol was administered at the doses of 20 and 40 mg/kg in HCl/ethanol-induced rats. The gastroprotective ability was verified by determining the ulcer score, total acidity, hemoglobin, inflammatory cytokines, lipid peroxides, and enzymatic antioxidants superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in gastric tissue and serum biochemical analysis. The results showed a favorable increase in the hemoglobin level, antioxidant enzymes (SOD and CAT), restored electrochemical balance (carbon dioxide & anion gap) while a noticeable decrease in ulcer index, total acidity, lipid peroxides, inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1 beta [IL-1β], IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha) in rats treated with the cirsilineol. The serum biochemical analysis on liver markers (alkaline phosphatases, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase), kidney markers (urea, creatinine, albumin, globulin, total protein), and lipid profile (triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol) were attenuated by cirsilineol treatment in rats. Histopathology showed enhanced gastric protection and preserved the integrity of gastric mucosa upon cirsilineol administration. These results ultimately suggest that cirsilineol has gastroprotective effects that prevent the development of gastric ulcer.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.335-343
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• 1997

The effect of thiol compounds on development and intracellular glutathione(GSH) concentrations of bovine embryos produced by in vitro maturation and in vitro fertilization(IVM/IVF) was examined in CRlaa medium with or without $\beta$-mercaptoethanol(0, 10, 25 and 50$\mu$MME) and cysteamine(0, 25, 50 and 75 $\mu$M). Numbers of cells comprising blastocysts were also counted using double fluorescence stain and the total glutathione levels(oxidized and reduced form) of morula and blastocyst embryos were than measured by an enzymatic method. Following routine IVM/IVF procedures oocytes and zygotes were cultured for 40 to 44h in CRlaa medium. Then 2 to 8-cell embyos had cumulus cell removed and were allotted randomly to the experimental medium. In Experiment 1, the proportion of embryos developing to and beyond morulae stages in 0, 10, 25 and 50 $\mu$M $\beta$-ME was 42.9%, 50.0%, 53.7% and 65.6%, respectively. Fifty $\mu$M $\beta$-ME group was significantly higher than those of any other groups (P<0.05). In Experiment 2, the percentages of embryos developed beyond morulae stages in 0, 25, 50 and 75 $\mu$M cysteamine was 42.9%, 40.4%, 60.0% and 59.2%, respectively. Fifty and 75$\mu$M cysteamine groups were significantly higher than in 0 and 25 $\mu$M cysteamine groups, but all of culture medium containing cysteamine(52.6%) was not significantly difference in control group(42.9%). In Experiment 3, the intracellular GSH concentrations of morulae and blastocyst embryos in 0 and 50 $\mu$M $\beta$-ME was 42.4 pM and 44.9 pM, 49.5 pM and 67.8 pM, respectively. Morulae embryos were not difference, but blastocyst embryos were significantly difference between treatments(P<0.05). In Experiment 4, the intracellular GSH concentrations of morulae in CRlaa with or without cysteamine were 39.8 pM and 45.6 pM, and blastocysts were 59.3 pM and 66.8 pM, respectively. Cell numbers of blastocysts were similar to in all experimental groups. These experiments indicate that thiol compounds can increase the proportion of embryos that developing to and beyond morulae stage and the intracellular GSH concentrations.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.231-239
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• 2018

Bisphenol A, an everywhere chemical, is applied as a plasticizer in polycarbonate plastics, which often used in our everyday products and in epoxy resins as protective coatings and linings for food and beverage cans for decades. Human exposure to BPA may lead to adverse effects by interfering with oestrogen receptors. Our present study was conducted to investigate the protective effects of selenium (Se) and vitamin E (Vit E) on BPA-induced damage in the liver of male rats. Animals were randomly divided into four groups: the first group received olive oil and served as control. The second group received both (Se + Vit E) (0.5 mg/kg diet; 100 mg/kg of diet). The third one treated orally by (10 mg/kg b.w.) of BPA. The last group received (Se + Vit E) (0.5 mg/kg diet; 100 mg/kg of diet) concomitantly with (10 mg/kg b.w.) BPA. Exposure to BPA for three weeks engendered a hepatic disorder. An increased AST and ALT enzymatic activity was noticed in BPA-treated group as compared to other groups. Furthermore, a change in glucose, cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C, albumin, and bilirubin level was remarkable. Moreover, exposure to BPA increased malondialdehyde levels while reduced gluthatione content was decreased in the liver homogenate. A decrease in glutathione peroxidase, glutathione s-transferase and catalase activities was observed in the same group. Administration of selenium and vitamin E through the diet in BPA treated rats ameliorated the biochemical parameters cited above. In addition, an improvement in activities of liver enzymes was recorded. The histological findings confirmed the biochemical results. The model of this study that we employed characterized the relationships between BPA-induced hepatotoxicity and its alleviation by natural antioxidants like selenium and vitamin E.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제17권2호통권82호
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• pp.230-234
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• 2007

생체는 산소를 소비하는 대사 과정 중에 초산화물(superoxide, $O_{2}$), 과산화수소($H_2O_2$), 수산 라디칼(OH)과 같은 다양한 활성산소(reactive oxygen)들을 생성하게 되며, 그 중에서도 hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$)는 biological membrane을 자유롭게 통과하며, 세포내에서 hydroxyl radical 등의 반응성이 큰 활성 산소종(reactive oxygen species, ROS)을 발생시키는 작용을 하는 강력한 산화제이다. 세포를 계대 배양 (5, 15, 25, 35 passage)하여 $H_2O_2$를 농도별(100 ${\mu}M$, 500 ${\mu}M$, 1 mM, 5 mM)로 처리하고, 또한 $H_2O_2$의 처리 시간(30 분, 1 시간)을 변화시킴으로써, Hepatoma 세포주에서 $H_2O_2$ 처리에 의한 Cu/Zn SOD의 발현을 Northern blot을 통하여 다음과 같이 분석하였다. 1)Hepatoma 세포주에서 시간별, 농도별로 산화제를 처리 했을 때 각각의 경우에서 발현양의 차이는 적었지만, 오랜 시간동안 고농도의 산화제에 노출시켰을 때 항산화 능력이 증가한다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 2)계대배양을 증가시키는 것은 노화가 진행된다는 것을 의미하므로, 산화제를 처리했을 때 25 passage에서 35 passage 단계에서 항산화 효소의 발현 정도가 급격히 감소되는 것으로 미루어 보아 이 단계에서 노화가 진행되었음을 추측할 수 있었다. 3)동일한 시간과 농도로 처리했을 때 각각의 passage의 발현 level에서 보이는 양상과는 다르게 35 passage에서는 500${\mu}M$이상의 농도를 1 시간동안 노출시켰을 경우에 Cu/Zn SOD가 거의 발현되지 않았으며, 30 분 동안 노출시켰을 때에는 500 ${\mu}M$의 농도까지 방어할 수 있는 능력을 가진 것으로 보인다.

• 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
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• 고려인삼학회 1984년도 학술대회지
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• pp.257-275
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• 1984

Enzymatic browning is considered desirable in tea and tobacco processing but undesirable in many fruits processing at the present time. It is necessary to understand the nature of the enzyme, phenoloxidase, in order to control browning reactions, and extend its effects to formation of browning products as antioxidants in ginseng. Ginseng exhibits antioxidant activity when incorporated with turkey dark meat patties. The activity in red ginseng showed about two times stronger than white ginseng. One of the phenolic antioxidants from fresh, white and reprocessed white ginseng was identified as phenol 2.6 Bis(1.1 dimethyl ethyl) 4-methyl among several unknown compounds by GC/mass spectrometer. In red ginseng, no phenol 2.6 Bis (1.1 dimethyl ethyl) 4-methyl was detected, the compound may be polymerized by phenoloxidase and form some higher molecular compounds which may possess high antioxidant activity. Phenoloxidase isozymes in fresh Korean ginseng (panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) were extracted with phosphate buffer at pH 7.3. The isozymes were purified through ammonium sulfate fractionation, dialysis and chromatography on a DEAE-cellulose column. Two groups of phenoloxidase were shown to be present, one in the floating agglomerated group and the other in the precipitate. group from the 0.85 saturation ammonium sulfate. The DEAE-cellulose column chromatography, the phenoloxidase isozyme present in the precipitate appears as the first peak (I), and that in the agglomerate in the second peak (II). Isozyme I showed higher activity with catechin and catechal, and isozyme II showed higher activity with p-cresol. The isozyme showed two optimum pH activity one at pH 4.5 and the other at 8.5 with catechin as substrate. Korean ginseng phenoloxidase has high heat stability. When heated at $75^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours, its activity remained $90\%\;and\;80\%$ on phenoloxidase I and II respectively. Phenoloxidase I was most active on (+) catechin followed by p-cresal, catechol and epicatechin. Phenoloxidase II was most active on p-cresal followed by (+) catechin, catechol, p-coumanic acid and epicatechin. Sodium bisulfite, sodium cyanide, ascorbic acid glutachion in the oxidized form, sodium diethyl dithiocarbomate and ethylendiamine tetra acetate (EDTA) acted as inhibitors. Red ginseng color development was initiated by phenoloxidase and finished by a followed sun drying process. The antiaging activity of ginseng may be initiated by the antioxidant in the ginseng.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.263-275
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• 2022

There is a paucity of detailed data related to the effect of senescence on the mitochondrial antioxidant capacity and redox state of senescent human cells. Activities of TCA cycle enzymes, respiratory chain complexes, hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), superoxide anions (SA), lipid peroxides (LPO), protein carbonyl content (PCC), thioredoxin reductase 2 (TrxR2), superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx1), glutathione reductase (GR), reduced glutathione (GSH), and oxidized glutathione (GSSG), along with levels of nicotinamide cofactors and ATP content were measured in young and senescent human foreskin fibroblasts. Primary and senescent cultures were biochemically identified by monitoring the augmented cellular activities of key glycolytic enzymes including phosphofructokinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and glycogen phosphorylase, and accumulation of H₂O₂, SA, LPO, PCC, and GSSG. Citrate synthase, aconitase, α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, and complex I-III, II-III, and IV activities were significantly diminished in P25 and P35 cells compared to P5 cells. This was accompanied by significant accumulation of mitochondrial H₂O₂, SA, LPO, and PCC, along with increased transcriptional and enzymatic activities of TrxR2, SOD2, GPx1, and GR. Notably, the GSH/GSSG ratio was significantly reduced whereas NAD⁺/NADH and NADP⁺/NADPH ratios were significantly elevated. Metabolic exhaustion was also evident in senescent cells underscored by the severely diminished ATP/ADP ratio. Profound oxidative stress may contribute, at least in part, to senescence pointing at a potential protective role of antioxidants in aging-associated disease.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.154-163
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• 2008

The methanol extract of stem barks of Careya arborea Roxb. (MECA) (Family- Myrtaceae) was evaluated for antitumor activity and antioxidant status against Ehrlich's Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) bearing Swiss albino mice. After 24 h of tumor inoculation the MECA was administered at the doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight/mice/day for 14 days. After the last dose and 18 h fasting mice were sacrificed. The effect of MECA on the growth of transplantable murine tumor, life span of EAC bearing hosts, hematological profiles, serum and liver biochemical parameters were estimated. The MECA showed significant (P < 0.01) decrease in ascites volume, packed cell volume and viable cell count and prolonged the life span of EAC tumor bearing mice. Hematological profiles reverted to more or less normal levels in extract treated mice. The MECA also produced protective effect by decreasing the activity of serum enzymes, bilirubin and increase the protein and uric acid levels. MECA significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the levels of lipid peroxidation, while significantly (P < 0.05) increased the levels of glutathione content, vitamin C, vitamin E, superoxide dismutase and catalase CAT. The results indicate that MECA exhibited significant antitumor and antioxidant activity in EAC bearing mice.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.137-144
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• 2016

Objectives: Several studies have revealed that systemic hypertension is strongly associated with cataractogenesis. However, the pathophysiology and treatment is often unclear. In this study, we evaluated the anti-cataractogenic effect of cinnamaldehyde (CA), a natural organic compound, in rats with fructose-induced hypertension. Methods: The rats were divided into six groups. For six weeks, the normal group received a suspension of 0.5% carboxy methyl cellulose (10 mL/kg/day, p.o.) while five other groups received a 10% (w/v) fructose solution in their drinking water to induce hypertension. By the end of the third week hypertension had been induced in all the animals receiving fructose. From the beginning of the fourth week to the end of the sixth week, one of those five groups (control) continued to receive only 10% (w/v) fructose solution, one group (standard) received ramipril (1 mg/kg/day, p.o.) plus 10% (w/v) fructose solution, and three groups (experimental) received CA at doses of 20, 30, and 40 mg/kg/day p.o., plus 10% (w/v) fructose solution. Blood pressure was measured weekly using a non-invasive blood pressure apparatus. After six weeks, the animals were sacrificed, and the anti-cataractogenic effects on the eye lenses were evaluated. Results: Administration of fructose elevated both the systolic and the diastolic blood pressures, which were significantly reduced by CA at all dose levels. In the control group, a significant increase in the malonaldehyde (MDA) level and decreases in the total protein, $Ca^{2+}$adenosine triphosphate (ATP)ase activity, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione levels, as compared to the normal group, were observed. Administration of CA at all doses significantly restored the enzymatic, non-enzymatic, antioxidants, total protein, and $Ca^{2+}$ATPase levels, but decreased the MDA level, as compared to the control group. Conclusion: The present study revealed that CA modulated the antioxidant parameters of the serum and lens homogenates in hypertension-induced cataractogenic animals.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.441-447
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• 2011

The study aim is to investigate the free radicals scavenging and spermatogenic potentials, as well as to analyze any reproductive toxicity of ethanolic extract of Mucuna prureins (M. pruriens) Linn. in spermatozoa, under different dosages in normal male rat. Normal rats were randomly selected and suspension of the extract was administered orally at the dosages of 150, 200 and 250 mg/kg body weight of the different groups of male rats (n=6) once in a day for 60 days and grouped as group II, III and IV respectively. Saline treated rats served as control -group I. On the $60^{th}$ day the animals were sacrificed and the epididymal sperm were subjected to various analyses like level of ROS production, LPO, enzymatic and non enzymatic antioxidant, morphology, morphometry, chromosomal integrity and DNA damage. Results showed significant reduction in ROS production and peroxidation and significant increase in both enzymic and non-enzymic antioxidants in all concentration treated groups when compared with control. Results from all the drug treated groups showed good sperm morphology, increased sperm count and motility. There was no DNA damage and showed normal chromosomal integrity even in 250 mg/kg dose. When compared with control all the three extract treated groups showed increased ROS scavenging activity. However, group II (200 mg/kg) showed significant changes in all the parameters. From the present study it was confirmed that the M. pruriens has potential to improve the sperm qualitatively and quantitatively through scavenging the excess ROS with any adverse side effects. These observations suggest that ethanolic seed extract of M. pruriens may serve as anti-oxidant that can exploit to treat the oxidative stress mediated male factor infertility.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.437-444
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 DHA-enriched fish oil 과 대두유를 비율(w/w)을 달리하여 반응시키고 그 특성을 알아보았다. 어유의 비율이 증가할수록 trilinolein(LLL) peak는 감소하였고, 새로운 피크의 형성은 점차 증가하였다. 재구성 지질(어유 : 대두유 = 5 : 5, w/w, $55^{\circ}C$, 240, 180 rpm)의 지방산 조성 분석 결과 대두유에서 볼 수 없었던 DHA가 약 13% 증가한 반면, linoleic acid는 24.17% 감소하였으며 포화 지방산의 함량은 약 23%, 불포화 지방산의 함량은 약 77%이었다. 위치별 지방산 함량으로 sn-2 position은 약 linoleic acid 28%, oleic acid 22%, DHA 18% 그리고 palmitic acid 17% 이었다 재구성 지질의 tocopherol 분석 결과 $\alpha$, $\gamma$, and $\delta$-tocopherol 함량은 각각 23.58 mg/100 g, 32.28 mg/100 g, 17.94 mg/100 g이었다. 대두유와 비교하여 재구성 지질의 $\alpha$-tocopherol은 2.1배 증가하였으며, $\gamma$-tocopherol은 1.6배 감소하였다. 유지의 산패 정도를 알아보기 위하여 유도기간(induction period)을 측정한 결과 기질로 사용한 어유 보다는 대두유와 어유를 반응시킨 재구성 지질의 유도기간이 길었으며, 재구성 지질에 항산화제를 첨가한 군 간의 유도기간은 단일 항산화제를 첨가한 군이 최대 2.1배 길었다. 그리고 항산화제 첨가에 따른 향기 패턴을 알아본 결과 항산화제를 첨가하지 않은 그룹과 항산화제를 첨가한 그룹간에 향기 패턴에 차이가 있음을 확인하였다.