• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.49-54
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• 2015

Acute toxicity test with Daphnia magna has a variety of factors such as incubation condition of test species, food quality and proficiency of laboratory workers. Therefore, proper proficiency testing samples were required for evaluating the competence of laboratory workers. This study aims to propose some appropriate proficiency testing samples for laboratory workers of acute toxicity test with Daphnia magna. Proposed four kinds of standard samples (Sample A, B, C, and D) for proficiency testing were selected from reference materials which were recommended from Canada and USA WET(Whole Effluent Toxicity) authorities. Proposed standard samples were tested by trial application of proficiency testing, homogeneity and stability checks using repeatability test. Sample A, C and D were estimated ad the suitable candidates for proficiency test standard samples except for Sample B. In addition, Sample A was proved to be the most suitable sample.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.63-72
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• 2012

The main objective of this study is to assess the compatibility between Korean ministry of environment (KME) standard and ISO (KS I ISO) standard for the determination of BTEX and TPH content in soil. We carried out comparison analysis for both methods using CRM and matrix spiked samples. In case of GC-MS analysis for BTEX, we got statistically (significance level: 0.05) the same results from KME standard (ES 07600.1) and ISO standard (KS I ISO 15009). However, it showed statistically (significance level: 0.05) different results when TPH was analyzed by KME standard (ES 07552.1) and ISO standard (KS I ISO 16703). To clarify the reason why both methods produced different results for TPH content, we also did some additional experiments in terms of differences in extraction, clean-up and target hydrocarbon range. Extraction with polar and non-polar compounds mixed solvent (acetone+n-heptane) of KS I ISO 16703 showed higher extraction efficiency than with only non polar solvent (dichloromethane) extraction of ES 07552.1 by about 9%. While column type clean-up of KS I ISO 16703 showed the reduction in TPH content between before and after clean-up, batch type of clean-up of ES 07552.1 did not show any changes in TPH content through clean-up process. The target hydrocarbon range of ES 07552.1 and KS I ISO 16703 is $C_8{\sim}C_{40}$ and $C_{10}{\sim}C_{40}$, respectively. From this point of view, kerosene and JP-8 contaminated soil showed higher RPD (relative producibility deviation) values between results by both method than that of lubricant or diesel contaminated soil. The higher content of hydrocarbon ($C_8{\sim}C_{10}$) in kerosene and JP-8 played an important role in increasing RPD values in addition to the effects caused by different solvents and clean-up method. Consequently, it was concluded that both methods (ES 07552.1 and KS I ISO 16703) were not compatible.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.153-158
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• 2021

In order to mitigate the vulnerability of the satellite navigation system against radio frequency interference, South Korea has been developing advanced terrestrial navigation system (eLoran) technology since 2016. The eLoran system synchronizes the transmission time of the pulse used in the existing Loran-C system with UTC and transmits correction information that can improve the position error. The eLoran system is known to reduce the position error of about 460 m of the existing Loran-C system to 20 m, and for this, the transmitter must be able to transmit eLoran signals according to more stringent standards. For this reason, an international standard that further developed the Loran-C signal standard established by US Coast Guard was established by Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) International. In this paper, based on the analysis of the SAE9990 document, the international standard for eLoran transmission signals, a standard inspection process was produced to check whether the eLoran transmitter is transmitting signals in accordance with the standard.

• Environmental Sciences Bulletin of The Korean Environmental Sciences Society
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.75-80
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• 1999

An investigation of noise and vibration caused by the reclamation of the foreshore around J village resulted in noise measurements of 56-84 dB at the first point, 62-81 dB at the second point, and 68-78 dB at the third point. These measurements were higher than the standard level of environmental noise that is 55 dB at noon and 45 dB at night. The vibration measurements were 61-83 dB at the first point, 63-88 dB at the second point, and 58-77 dB at the third point. These measurements were also higher than the standard level of environmental vibration that is 60 dB at noon and 54 dB at night. The measurements of scattering dust were 80 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$\textrm{m}^3$ at the first point, 120 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$\textrm{m}^3$ at the second point, and 169 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$\textrm{m}^3$ at the third point. These measurements were lower than the standard level of environmental dust that is 300 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$\textrm{m}^3$/day. Although the maximum vibration level was higher than the standard level of environmental vibration, it had no influence on the construction.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.248-255
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• 2013

Objectives: The purpose of this paper is to define the level of recycling standards and its process in paper scrap. As pollution is increased by improperly treated paper scrap, the government has recently strengthened the management of the paper scrap. Methods: In this study, the current status of paper scrap recycling was investigated through a 2012 field survey, and the classification and recycling standards for paper scrap in developed countries and institutions were also investigated through a literature review in order to introduce optimal recycling standards. Results: As a result, the contents of contaminants were identified as the most important recycling standard, and the contents of contaminants in paper scrap was measured at less than 1.0% at most companies. The recycling standard for paper scrap was determined to be below 3% contaminants in the case of paper and 5% in the case of board. In this study, recycling stage was determined by considering regulations on resources and practices in the field. Conclusions: The recycling standard for paper scrap was determined to be below 3% and 5% contaminants for paper and board, respectively.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2011.10a
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• pp.803-808
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• 2011

The shipboard working environment of navy vessel is very inferior to the ground working environment. For this reason, the crew of a navy vessel suffer from an occupational disease such as lumbar pain, hearing loss, etc. Although standard for navy vessel's environmental vibration is applied, the criterion of the environmental vibration is too high. So it doesn't help to improve habitability of crew. In this study, for improving its habitability of crew, the current vibration level of navy vessel was examined and the standard of navy vessel's environmental vibration was investigated.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.139-145
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• 2012

The shipboard working environment of navy vessel is very inferior to the ground working environment. For this reason, the crew of a navy vessel suffer from an occupational disease such as lumbar pain, hearing loss, etc. Although standard for navy vessel's environmental vibration is applied, the criterion of the environmental vibration is too high. So it doesn't help to improve habitability of crew. In this study, for improving its habitability of crew, the current vibration level of navy vessel was examined and the standard of navy vessel's environmental vibration was investigated.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.202-213
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• 2017

Objectives: HRA (Health Risk Assessment) is an important tool for measuring the health impacts of air pollution. HRA is already being used widely as an important reference for crafting air pollution policies. However, the absence of a domestic CRF (Concentration Response Function) standard, which is a main component for HRA, could cause confusion amongst policy-makers. The purpose of this study is to tabulate a domestic CRF standard for a PM (Particulate Matter)-related HRA. Methods: This study suggested a domestic CRF standard for HRA thorough a literature review. The literature review for meta-analysis was limited to the English language for epidemiological studies published from January 1980 to March 2016. This meta-analysis was conducted by assuming both fixed- and random-effects of CRF. In addition, studies that reported HRA of air pollution for WHO (World Health Organization), the EC (European Commission), and the EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) were reviewed to compare the CRFs of South Korea to the recommended CRFs of WHO, the EC, or the EPA. Additionally, a domestic CRF standard was supplemented by these. Results: Nineteen studies were selected for the CRF for South Korea. Fifty-three CRFs were derived for meta-analysis. CRFs with a standard for PM-related HRA were divided according to the following four criteria: air pollution, exposure characteristics, type of health impact, and age group. Finally, a domestic CRF standard was created comprised of 21 CRFs. Among these, six CRFs were derived from the results of foreign HRA studies. Conclusions: This study is important in that a domestic CRF standard is first suggested. In addition, this study suggests a further area of study for using HRA as a policy tool and a direction of epidemiological study.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.15-24
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• 1999

There have always been dilemmas between development and environmental conservation throughout the world. Gradually environmental contamination threatens sustainable development and conservation. we try to study on the sustainable development with environmental conservation. One of the instruments to get this goal is Environmental Impact Statement. Environmental Impact Statement has now become a standard tool of decision making in Environmentally Sound and Sustainable Development. The objectives of this study is to explore and suggest some suggestions for improvements of EIA. 1. Identify all criteria and standards that apply to physical and social environmental components and dynamics. 2. Giving attention to the purpose of the criterion and standard, with respect to resource use and quality. 3. Demonstrate the relevance legal, technical, and scientific authority by early planning through construction, operation and maintenance phases. 4. Implement rationales and protocols for the documentation of standard analytical methods, location of sampling points and statistical analysis of data. 5. Establish precise protocols by predictions of environmental impact relevant for established criteria and standards. Reviewing these protocols with relevant legal authorities prior to their implementation is important.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.274-279
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• 2016

Purpose: Adolescents who experienced the alcohol consumption have gradually increased. Adolescence is a critical period of the neural plasticity in the brain. Neural plasticity is mediated by neurotrophins and has an impact on cognitive function. Environmental enrichment ameliorates the cognitive function and increases neurotrophins. Thus, we investigated the neuroprotective effect of environmental enrichment on ethanol induced cognitive impairment in adolescent rats. Methods: The ethanol groups and the controls groups were injected with ethanol (0.5g/kg) and phosphate buffered saline, respectively, through intraperitoneal from 28th day of birth for 11 days. The environmental enrichment groups were provided larger cages containing toys than the standard cage. Passive avoidance test and Y-maze test were performed to evaluate the spatial memory. Results: Environmental enrichment+ethanol group showed higher alterations than the standard environment+ethanol group in Y-maze test (p<.05). In hippocampus, The environmental enrichment+ethanol group showed significantly higher level of the number of c-fos positive celsl and density of tropomyosin receptors kinase B receptor than the standard environment+ethanol group (p<.05). Conclusion: So, we suggested that the environmental enrichment played a role as a prophylaxis for prevention of memory impairment induced by ethanol exposure in adolescence.