• The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.79-87
• /
• 2006

Objective : Biologic responses to color stimulation was observed and analyzed in relation with Korean medicine diagnostics. Methods : Twelve volunteers participated and completed the questionnaire on Hanyeol or Joseup patterns of Korean medicine diagnostics. Standard deviation of RR intervals (SDNN), an overall indicator of heart rate variability, was measured while wearing partially transparent acetate film glasses of various colors: (1) transparency or black, (2) red, green, or blue, or (3) cyan, or yellow. Results : Different responses to the color environmental stimulation were observed. Yeol pattern score was inversely related with the SDNN value under red color stimulation. Conclusion : This line of observations may serve as a basis of clinical application of color therapy, in particular, in relation with pattern diagnosis of Korean medicine, and may be applied in combination with existing electrodermal meridian measurement systems for better evaluation of Gi (life energy) phenomenon.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.205-210
• /
• 2011

This study aims to assess MEE(management effectiveness evaluations) on PAs(protected areas) for forest genetic resources which play an important role in biodiversity conservation, and then to suggest better ways to manage PAs for forest genetic resources. This study applies same indicators of the MEE on PAs as the ones described in the prior study(Ryu et al. 2011). The indicators applied are composed of five elements, thirty-two indicators which all would be grouped into one element by each traits. Overall indicators belonging to the element of output and outcome are comparatively low. Especially the ones related to the change of biodiversity, degree of ecosystem health, variation of civil complaint and visitor satisfaction are ranked mostly low. The element of input shows the low rank on the number of staff and budget. The score of indicators related to the identification of the threats of PAs and local communities' supports turn out to be low in the element of Context. The element of process, however, has scored low on Staff management, Education/Awareness programs and Governance, while the law enforcement, management regulation and capacity to prevent forest disasters have made relatively high score. Meanwhile, all indicators in the element of planning have scored relatively high as compared to the indicators belonged to other elements. This study suggests to strengthen a few constructive proposals, such as facilitating efficient management framework for PAs, developing local community cooperation program, establishing survey, research and monitoring system, and registering PAs to the WDPA(World Database on Protected Areas) according to the IUCN categories.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
• /
• v.45 no.6
• /
• pp.523-529
• /
• 2022

Gamma spectroscopy analysis is widely used for radioactivity analysis, and various factors are required for radioactivity calculations. Among the factors, K3 for each sample significantly influences the results. The previous methods of correcting the self-absorption effect include a computational simulation method and a method that requires making a CRM(certified reference material) identical to the sample medium. However, the above methods have limitations when used in small institutions because they require specialized program utilization skills or high manufacturing costs and large facilities. The aim of this study is to develop a method that can be easily and rapidly applied to radioactivity analysis. After filling the beaker with water, we placed the radiation source in a uniform position and used the measured value as the benchmark. Next, a correction factor was derived based on the difference in the radiation source count of the benchmark and the identically measured sample. For the radiation source, Eu-152, which emits a broad range of energy within the measurement range of gamma rays, and Cs-134 and Cs-137, which are indicator nuclides in environmental radiation analysis, were used. The sample was selected within the density range of 0.26-2.11 g/cm³, and the correction factor was derived by calculating the count difference of each sample compared to the reference value of water. This study presents a faster and more convenient method than the existing research methods for determining the self-absorption effect correction, which has become increasingly necessary.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.24-32
• /
• 2014

Our study is purposed to understand effect on spatio-temporal variability of macroinvertebrate community 11 sampling times at 4 sites between two streams (Shinchon stream and Gongji stream in Chuncheun City) from May 2011 to October 2013. In this study, the possible physical factors on spatio-temporal variability of macroinvertebrate community were discussed. After stream improvement project, the effects of anthropogenic disturbance in study sites appeared as increased water temperature more than $30^{\circ}C$ and the difference of water temperature between Shinchon stream and Gongji stream was by maximum $9^{\circ}C$ on 2012. The monsoon rainfall decreased number of species, individuals and biodiversity index of macroinvertebrate community, particularly, in Shincheon stream compare to Gongji stream. Dominant species of macroinvertebrate taxa was caddisfly in Shincheon stream and Diptera in Gongji stream but on August 2013, it was dominated by Diptera, Chironomidae spp. in all study sites. The spatio-temporal variability of macroinvertebrate community in the streams may be useful as bio-indicator influencing anthropogenic factors such as soil erosion (landslide or cultivation) or monsoon rainfall.

• Analytical Science and Technology
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.299-308
• /
• 2003

The purpose of this study is to investigate cadmium concentrations among metals in ETS (Environmental Tobacco Smoke) of indoor environments and to evaluate the cadmium as a marker of ETS. The correlations of cadmium concentrations and nicotine, 3-EP, RSP, SD (Smoking Density), and SI (Smoking Index). Air samples of metals, nicotine, 3-EP, and RSP were taken in smoking room, smoking allowed office, corridor outside smoking room, and non-smoking office respectively. The SD, ACH, and SI were investigated during sampling. Airborne concentration of cadmium known as human carcinogen were qualified and quantified. The SD was 0.2 to $2.6cig/m^2{\cdot}hr$, and the mean value of SD in smoking rooms was $1.2cig/m^2{\cdot}hr$ that is higher than other researches. The mean of ACH in smoking rooms was 11.1. The concentrations of cadmium showed log-normal distributions and the geometric mean concentrations of cadmium in smoking rooms, corridor outside smoking rooms, smoking allowed offices, and non-smoking offices were $0.045{\mu}g/m^3$, $0.018{\mu}g/m^3$, $0.021{\mu}g/m^3$, and $0.017{\mu}g/m^3$ respectively. The concentrations of cadmium in smoking room showed significant difference according to category of indoor office environments (p<0.05) and showed compliance with occupational exposure limits. The correlation coefficients between cadmium and nicotine, 3-EP, and RSP were 0.53, 0.41, 0.43 respectively. The cadmium among metals showed the highest correlations (r=0.63) with SI. It was recommended cadmium among metals is a good indicator for ETS.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.32 no.3
• /
• pp.361-373
• /
• 1999

Objectives: Receive Operating Characteristic(ROC) curve with the area under the ROC curve(AUC) is one of the most popular indicator to evaluate the criterion validity of the measurement tool. This study was conducted to develop a standardized questionnaire to discriminate workers at high-risk of work-related musculoskeletal disorders using ROC analysis. Methods: The diagnostic results determined by rehabilitation medicine specialists in 370 persons(89 shipyard CAD workers, 113 telephone directory assistant operators, 79 women with occupation, and 89 housewives) were compared with participant's own replies to 'the questionnair on the worker's subjective physical symptoms'(Kwon, 1996). The AUC's from four models with different methods in item selection and weighting were compared with each other. These 4 models were applied to 225 persons, working in an assembly line of motor vehicle, for the purpose of AUC reliability test. Results: In a weighted model with 11 items, the AUC was 0.8155 in the primary study population, and 0.8026 in the secondary study population(p=0.3780). It was superior in the aspects of discriminability, reliability and convenience. A new questionnaire of musculoskeletal disorder could be constructed by this model. Conclusion: A more valid questionnaire with a small number of items and the quantitative weight scores useful for the relative comparisons are the main results of this study. While the absolute reference value applicable to the wide range of populations was not estimated, the basic intent of this study, developing a surveillance fool through quantitative validation of the measures, would serve for the systematic disease prevention activities.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.48 no.3
• /
• pp.153-167
• /
• 2015

In order to understand the relationship between the distribution of epilithic diatoms and the habitual environments, land-use, water qualities, and epilithic diatoms were studied at 141 sampling sites in the midwestern stream of Korean peninsula (Geum river, Mangyeong river, Dongjin river, and Sapgyo river). The total 183 diatom taxa was appeared in the study, while the dominant species were found to be Nitzschia palea (10.9%) and Achnanthes convergens (8.4%). Based on the abundance of epilithic diatoms, a cluster analysis results indicate that the sampling sites divided the sampling sites into 4 groups (G) at the 25% level. In term of geographic and aquatic environments, G-I and -II accounted for the upper and mid streams of the Geum river, and had large forest areas and good in water quality. G-III accounted for farmland and urban, and high concentration nutrient levels (TN and TP) and electric conductivity. G-IV accounted for mostly farmland, and high levels in turbidity, BOD, nutrient and electric conductivity. CCA results showed that the saproxenous taxa Meridion circulare was the indicator species of G-I, which strongly influenced by altitude and forests. In G-II, the indifferent taxa Navicula cryptocephala was influenced by Chl-a, AFDM, and DO. In G-III and -IV, the indifferent taxa Fragilaria elliptica and saprophilous taxa Aulacoseira ambigua were influenced by electric conductivity, turbidity, and nutrient counts. Meanwhile, random forest results showed that the predicting factor of indicator species appearance in G-I, -II, and -III was found to be electric conductivity whereas in G-IV it was found to be turbidity. Collectively, the distribution of diatoms in the midwestern of Korean peninsula was found to depend more on the land-use and its subsequent water qualities than the inherent characteristics of the aquatic environment.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
• /
• v.21 no.spc
• /
• pp.16-27
• /
• 2019

Alteration in the flow regime of rivers are caused by natural climate change and the changes in anthropogenic hydrological environment due to dam construction. These changes in flow regime cause serious changes not only in the fresh water ecosystems of the rivers but also in the physical structures and fish habitats of the streams. In this study, the alteration in the hydrological characteristics of the Gam river basin due to Buhang dam construction and the changes in ecological health condition, water quality, and river cross-section were analyzed. As a result of analysis by indicators of hydrologic alteration (IHA) to quantitatively change the flow regime of Gam river, HA (Hydrologic Alteration) is more than ±1 and various changes have occurred in the river ecosystem after Buhang dam construction. In addition, ecological health condition and water quality showed different response for each element, and in the case of riverbeds and channel cross-sections, the degradation of channel bed was obviously monitored after dam construction. The results of this study are expected to be used as an efficient method for evaluating changes in stream ecosystems caused by stream regime changes.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.25-32
• /
• 2006

This study examined the possibility of using dark-striped field mice as a biological indicator for the environmental radio-surveillance. For this study, dark-striped field mice were caught from five areas of Kyonggi, Kyongsang, Chungchong and Cholla provinces. The external morphological characteristics and isoenzymic types of dark-striped field mice were studied after they were captured. Among the external morphological characteristics, the dark-brown coat, dark back stripe, head-to-tail length, tail length, and ear length matched the taxonomical characteristics of dark-striped field mice. The analyses on L-lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, and malate dehydrogenese revealed that one species of dark-striped field mice, called Apodemus agrarius, was inhabitated throughout a wide range of Korea. On the other hand, the frequency of micronuclei in peripheral polychromatic erythrocytes to survived mice after irradiation also analyzed. The LD50/30 of A. cgrarius and ICR mice were approximately 5 Gy and 7.9Gy, respectively. The results of the study reveal that wild A. asrarius have a high potential as a biological monitoring system to determine the impact of radiation in areas such as those within the vicinity of nuclear power plants.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
• /
• v.38 no.8
• /
• pp.444-451
• /
• 2016

Most research on membrane fouling models in the past are based on theoretical equations in lab-scale experiments. But these studies are barely suitable for applying on the full-scale spot where there is a sequential process such as filtration, backwash and drain. This study was conducted in submerged membrane system which being on operation auto sequentially and treating wastewater from G-water purification plant in Incheon. TMP had been designated as a fouling indicator in constant flux conditions. Total volume of inflow and SS concentration are independent variables as major operation parameters and time-series analysis and prediction of TMP were conducted. And similarity between simulated values and measured values was assessed. Final prediction model by using genetic algorithm was fully adaptable because simulated values expressed pulse-shape periodicity and increasing trend according to time at the same time. As results of twice validation, correlation coefficients between simulated and measured data were $r^2=0.721$, $r^2=0.928$, respectively. Although this study was conducted limited to data for summer season, the more amount of data, better reliability for prediction model can be obtained. If simulator for short range forecast can be developed and applied, TMP prediction technique will be a great help to energy efficient operation.