• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2005.04a
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• pp.371-374
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• 2005

We accomplished optimization for pump and treat (P&T) designs in consideration of degradation processes such as retardation and biodegradation, which are significant for contaminant fate in hydrogeology. For more desirable remediation, optimal pumping duration and minimum pumping rate constraint problems are studied. After a specific P&T duration, it replaces the P&T with the enhanced natural attenuation (ENA), which induces aerobic biodegradation by maintaining oxygen concentration. The design in this strategy carries out the optimization for the number and locations of oxygen injection wells.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.351-363
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• 2007

The scientific articles using radio labelled insecticides performed by Korean researchers were reviewed. The research works were divided into 4 categories such as soil, plant, animal and insect. All researches used $^{14}C$-labelled chemicals, and the $^{14}C$-carbofuran was widely used among them. Fate of insecticides, bound-residues and metabolic process were staple concerning area in soil study. And the uptake and translocation, metabolism and metabolites also a major interests in plant study. As well as the degradation, metabolic pathway and metabolites, and distribution of chemicals in animal tissue were another point of consideration in animal study. And finally, the penetration ratio into body and resistant mechanism were the major concerning views of study with insects.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.11 no.7
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• pp.737-742
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• 2002

Sorption and desorption is an important phenomenon to determine the fate of halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons in the aqueous phase. This study was conducted to develope a predictive equation capable of estimating the sorption and desorption potentials of halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons onto the sludge from activated process, sediment, and clay. It has shown that the sorption and desorption parameters can be accurately estimated using Quantitative Structural Activity Relationship(QSAR) models based on molecular connectivity indexes of test compounds. The QSAR model could be applied to predict the sorption and desorption capacity of the other halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons. The QSAR modeling would provide a useful tool to predict the sorption and desorption capacity without time-consuming experiments.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.63-76
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• 1983

중금속은 해수에서보다 해수중의 생물계에 그 농도가 더 높은 것으로 알려져 있으며 수은도 무기형으로 생물계에 존재하다가 생물활동으로 인해 알킬형으로 변한다. food chain이 미량금속 축적의 주통로로 알려져 있으나 그외 몇가지 방법이 제시되고 잇다. 특히 연체동물은 미량금속의 축적현상이 온도, 폭로시간, 시간, 생리적 활동에 다라 상당히 달라진다. 또한 유기알킬 수은이 무기수은보다 비교적 낮은 독성을 나타내지만 후자의 피해도 무시할 수는 없다. 굴(crassostrea virginica)은 염화수은농도가 비교적 낮은 상태에서도 상\ulcorner량의 축적현상을 보여주었다. 두개의 compartment system을 연계적인 상태에서 보면 첫 compartment에서의 초기축적은 가역적이었으나 둘째 Compartment에서 측정된 원실율로 보아 비가역적 축적이상을 확인해 주었다. 뿐만 아니라 미량금속이 아가미와 외부 근육에서 가장 높은 축적률을 보인것은 flow system의 regression moder과 매우 흡사함을 암시하며 농도가 낮은 상태에서의 축적이상에 중요한 의미를 부여하였다.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 2017

Nonpoint source (NPS) pollution continues to degrade the water quality. NPS pollutants signals high concerns against a sustainable environment. Low impact development (LID) is the leading management practice which regulates and treats stormwater runoff especially in highly impervious urban areas. Constructed wetlands are known to have efficient removal capability of NPS pollutants. Likewise, these LID facilities were intended to maintain the predeveloped hydrologic regime through series of mechanisms such as particle settling, filtration, plant uptake, and etc. In this study, the objective was to investigate the characteristics, fate and treatment performance of the two in-campus constructed wetlands (SW1 and SW2) which were installed adjacent to impervious roads and parking lots to treat stormwater runoff. A total of 42 storm events were monitored starting from July 2010 until November 2015. Manual grab sampling was utilized at the inlet and outlet units of each LID facilities. Based on the results, the wetlands were found to be effective in reducing 37% and 41% of the total runoff volume and peak flows, respectively. Aside from this, outflow EMCs were generally lower than the inflow EMCs in most events suggesting that the two wetlands improved the water quality of stormwater runoff. The average removal efficiency of pollutants in facilities were 63~79% in TSS, 38~54% in TN, 54% in TP and 32%~81% in metals. The results of this study recommend the use of constructed wetlands as efficient treatment facility for urban areas for its satisfactory performance in runoff and pollutant reduction.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.827-835
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• 2005

A three-dimensional ecological model (EMT -3D) was applied to Nonylphenol in Tokyo Bay. EMT -3D was calibrated with data obtained in the study area. The simulated results of dissolved Nonylphenol were in good agreement with the observed values, with a correlation coefficient(R) of 0.7707 and a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.5940. The results of sensitivity analysis showed that biodegradation rate and bioconcentration factor are most important factors for dissolved Nonylphenol and Nonylphenol in phytoplankton, respectively. In the case of Nonylphenol in particulate organic carbon, biodegradation rate and partition coefficient were important factors. Therefore, the parameters must be carefully considered in the modeling. The mass balance results showed that standing stocks of Nonylphenol in water, in particulate organic carbon and in phytoplankton are $8.60\times 10^5\;g,\;2.19\times 10^2\;g\;and\;3.78\times 10^0\;g$ respectively. With respect to the flux of dissolved Nonylphenol, biodegradation in the water column, effluent to the open sea and partition to particulate organic carbon were $6.02\times10^3\;g/day,\;6.02\times10^2\;g/day\;and\;1.02\times10^1\;g/day$, respectively.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2010

Neutrophils play an important role in the human immune system for protection against such microorganisms as a protozoan parasite, Trichomonas vaginalis; however, the precise role of neutrophils in the pathogenesis of trichomoniasis is still unknown. Moreover, it is thought that trichomonal lysates and excretory-secretory products (ESP), as well as live T. vaginalis, could possibly interact with neutrophils in local tissues, including areas of inflammation induced by T. vaginalis in humans. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of T. vaginalis lysate on the fate of neutrophils. We found that T. vaginalis lysate inhibits apoptosis of human neutrophils as revealed by Giemsa stain. Less altered mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and surface CD16 receptor expression also supported the idea that neutrophil apoptosis is delayed after T. vaginalis lysate stimulation. In contrast, ESP stimulated-neutrophils were similar in apoptotic features of untreated neutrophils. Maintained caspase-3 and myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1) in neutrophils co-cultured with trichomonad lysate suggest that an intrinsic mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis was involved in T. vaginalis lysate-induced delayed neutrophil apoptosis; this phenomenon may contribute to local inflammation in trichomoniasis.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.193-195
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• 2007

해양생태계로 유입되는 화학물질의 총합적인 평가 및 관리를 위해서는 동 화합물의 해양환경중의 거동 및 운영, 생태계에의 영향, 관리방안에 따른 화학물질의 변화 예측 및 리스크 평가 등을 행할 필요가 있으며, 이를 위하여는 화학물질에 대한 생태계 모델이 유용한 수단이 될 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 여러 화학물질에 적용할 수 있으며, 지역특성, 존재 데이터 상황, 대상 수산물의 특성을 고려하여 여러 상태함수 및 프로세스의 추가와 삭제가 가능한 3차원 생태계 모델(EMT-3D)을 사용하여 해양환경중의 PFCs 관련물질을 대상으로 그 적용성을 검토하였으며, 민감도 분석 및 시나리오 분석을 행하여 영향인자를 판별하고 대안에 따른 영향을 평가하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.25-39
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• 2003

Risk and exposure assessment for subsurface environment is very important for both aspects of health and environmental protection as well as making decision of remedial goal for engineering activities. Exposure due to hazardous chemicals in the subsurface environment is essential to assess risk lev121 to individual person, especially from soil and groundwater environmental media. In this paper, the status of soil and groundwater contamination is presented to discuss on the problem for environmental risk assessment. The methodologies of fate and exposure models are also discussed by conducting the case studies of exposure assessment for heavy metals, organic compounds, and dioxin compounds. In addition, the structure of exposure models and available data for model calculation are examined to make clear more realistic exposure scenarios and the application to the practical environmental issues. Three kinds of advanced remediation techniques for soil and groundwater contamination are described in this paper, The most practical method for VOCs is the bio-remediation technique in which biological process due to consortium of microorganisms can be applied. For more effective remediation of soil contaminated by heavy metals we have adopted the soil flushing technique and clean-up system using electro-kinetic method. We have also developed the advanced techniques of geo-melting method for soil contaminated by DXNs and PCB compounds. These techniques are planed to introduce and to apply for a lot of contaminated sites in Japan.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.180-183
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• 2007

Over the last century the mercury (Hg) concentration in the environment has been increased by human activities with inputs from sources such as atmospheric deposition, urban runoff, and industrial effluents. Mercury can be transformed to methylmercury (MeHg) in anaerobic conditions by sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) and sediments are the principal location for MeHg production in aquatic environments. Interest in bioaccumulation of Hg and MeHg into lower trophic levels of benthic and pelagic organisms stems from public health concerns as these organisms provide essential links for higher trophic levels of food chains such as fish and larger invertebrates. Fish consumption is the major exposure route of MeHg to humans. Recently, it was reported that blood samples in Korea showed much higher Hg levels (5-8 times) than those in USA and Germany. Although this brings much attention to Hg research in Korea, there are very few studies on Hg biogeochemical cycling and bioaccumulation in aquatic environments. Given the importance of Hg methylation and MeHg transfer through food chains in aquatic environments, it is imperative that studies should be done in much detail looking at the fate, transport, and bioaccumulation of Hg and MeHg in the environment. Moreover, there should be long-term monitoring plans in Korea to evaluate the environmental and health effects of Hg and MeHg.