• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.99 no.3
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• pp.312-322
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• 2010

In Korea, Torreya nucifera (L.) Siebold & Zuccarini is widely distributed in the warm temperate zone of South coastal area and Jeju island, mainly as preserved forest in the vicinity of the Buddhist temple and Confucian temple. The objective of this study is in order to develop the conservation method and comprehension of vegetation community by current vegetation structure analysis of Torreya nucifera stand. As the results, the number of surveyed species in Torreya nucifera stand were total 148 species with 28 species of tree layer, 38 species of subtree layer, and 82 species of shrub layer. The appearance of the common species were Ligustrum obtusifolium Siebold & Zucc., Hedera rhombea Bean, and Trachelospermum asiaticum Nakai var. asiaticum. All the story of the surveyed region, Torreya nucifera maintained the current dominant species, but the subtree layer and shrub layer was decreased dominant rate because of the development of the crown of tree layer and biased growth of the subtree layer. Most of the tree layer and subtree layer in Torreya nucifera stands are composed of the sprout forest. Therefore, these results suggest that in order to maintain the healthy stand it is demanded for the application of selection thinning method for reducing crown competition in Torreya nucifera forests.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.57-68
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• 2004

Recently in order to more effectively and scientifically process forest official tasks, which have been focused on documents and inventories, they should be applied with the up-to-date spatial information technologies. Especially, the forest resource information management based on GIS(geographic information system) and aerial orthophoto is expected not only to play an important role as DSS(decision support system) for domestic forest conservation policy and forestry development industry but also to service forest resource information toward people such as the owners of a mountain rapidly. In this study, the important forest information such as digital topography map, digital forest type map, digital forest cadastral map, digital aerial photographs and attribute data were first reprocessed and constructed in DBMS(data base management system). In addition, forest officials could analyze and retrieve forest information by using detail sub-application systems such as forest cadastral retrieval, forest land development information management, reserved forest information management and forest resource information retrieval. For this, the user interface is developed by using Visual Basic 6.0 and MapObjects 2.1 of ESRI based on CBD(component based development) technology. The result of developing this system will not only perform constructing economical forest and better environment but also be the foundation of domestic spatial technology for forest resource management.

• Korean Business Review
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.117-140
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to activate tourism industry in Sorak area where faces crisis arising from environmental change. To achieve its' purpose, this study investigated operational problem concerning about development of tourism in Sorak area and politic problem concerning about tourism resource in order to devise activation of regional economy through its effective conservation and development. and at same time, compared difference of perception between tourist and worker of tourism empirically in aspect of product, service, public marketing in order to activate regional tourism industry through effective development of tourism resource. Finally, this study also suggested countermeasure suitable for the above stated. As seeing above results, this study contributes to promote tourism in Sorak area by developing tourism resource in vein of localization age which means local area can be center of the world in consideration of globalization age without national boundary. Conclusively, it can be said that segmentation of tourism market based on tourist's interest needs to be accomplished through connection between regional limitation and academic research with making use of advantage of abundant tourism resource in Sorak area. what is more, supplement of attention. to improvement of service quality can cause more positive effect.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.10-17
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• 2011

The paradigm of the use and management of natural resources is changing. Wise use of natural resources can be achieved by enhancing their conservation value and, at the same time, taking them as an opportunity for regional development. It leads to an idea of pursuing regional development by making good use of natural resources. In this paper, natural resources were classified as living species resources, ecosystem and landscape resources, and non-living resources. The resources were divided into 27 detailed analysis indices. The administrative boundaries of 165 municipalities in Korea were defined as spatial analysis units. Finally, a spatial database of natural resources was built. To classify the regional types, we conducted factor analyses with a detailed index of natural resources and a cluster analysis with the factor value. As the result of the factor analysis, six factors have been deduced as follows: forest resources, landscape resources, coastal ecology resources, inland water resources, landform resources, and ecology visit resources. In addition, the cluster analyses were conducted for the points of the factors drawn. The final classification consists of nine groups, and appropriate methods for each regional development have been suggested. Results of this study will contribute to providing fundamental materials for site selection and objective-setting for regional development policies and planning in consideration of natural resources.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.157-168
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• 2014

In buildings on the street, indiscriminate redevelopment are being made by overlooking the relationship with surrounding landscape to create their own unique meaning, due to industrialization progressed rapidly with human needs of longing for something constantly. Selection and methods of two plans, conservation and utilization should be required, considering heritage values on industrial buildings which are being lost and aged in this redevelopment higher. The attempt for the use of modern industrial heritage becomes a hot topic, and several experimental challenges are being made. However, there are rather many cases of causing industrial buildings' depreciation and one-size-fits-all reproduction performance as it applies other examples as standards by recognizing the reproduction of modern industrial heritage as one trend, not focusing on the trend of the times or paradigm, what the times want. To minimize these problems, we focus on how to utilize industrial buildings beyond the importance of industrial buildings' reproduction, considering the quality of local residents' life as well as the expected effect obtainable due to security of local identity and reproduction of buildings, focusing on the concept of community design that offers and forms a way of community life as the design of shares based on unspecified individuals' common life. Community design's core can be called to have diversity rather than undifferentiated unity by pursuing whole unification, since local residents become those who plan design and all people participate in it. In addition, community design achieves integration with other fields as an enlarged design area without limiting in an environmental area, by making indigenously natural characteristics combined with cultural factors in one context so that people may understand the flow of the place. The importance of effects acquired from modern industrial heritage's reproduction has well-known, and the attempt for utilizing aged heritage as a new value and a function has constantly been made. Now, it's time to focus on how long it lasts through this method, rather than modern industrial heritage's reproduction itself. There can be a significance in this study in proposing methodological solutions on modern industrial heritage's reproduction, not to cause depreciation of industrial buildings by recognizing contemporary trends and uniform regeneration performance, multifaceted research is needed for creative, effective development on modern industrial heritage which will occur constantly.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.130-138
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to analyze the trail deterioration conditions and to obtain the informations for the desirable maintenance and restoration of the trails in Woraksan National Park. To accomplish the purpose, not only trail condition such as altitude, entire width, bare width, maximum depth and slope of trail, but also deterioration types of trail were surveyed at the total 111 points for 13.5km in length on the four access trails to Yeongbong which is the main peak of Woraksan. Furthermore, impact rating class, which could be effective means to check the step and extent of deterioration process, was judged on each points of trail. Results informs us that the deterioration condition of the trail in Woraksan National Park is not reached the lev- el of grave concern yet, but the active counterplan to change over from the safety-centric facility station to the integrated and organized restoration aiming to natural environment conservation is urgently needed.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.333-345
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• 2009

Carpinus laxiflora communities are known as the climax forest community of the temperate zone of Korea. There are three Carpinus laxiflora communities in Seoul. The purpose of this research is to analyze the characteristics of Carpinus laxiflora communities of Seoul and supply basic data for establishing of a management plan. The research sites are Sahmyook University, Mountain Dobong and Jinkwandong. This study considers investigation and the analysis of communities structure, soil characteristics and the growth increment of trees. As the result of study, we could know that the growth increment of the Carpinus laxiflora trees of Seoul is decreasing recently because of soil acidification and so on. Also the vegetation disturbance is increasing because of naturalized plant. Oak wilt disease has appeared in the oak forest around Sahmyook University that is the largest Carpinus laxiflora communities area in Seoul. For that reason the open gap was appeared in forest, and the spread of naturalized plants has been increasing in the gap. Furthermore, the Carpinus laxiflora trees are affected by the Platypus koryoensis which is a kind of oak wilt disease. And so, Unless there is a specific management plan, the survival of Carpinus laxiflora communities are uncertain in Seoul. Therefore the management plan of Carpinus laxiflora communities is necessary such as precise investigation, annual monitoring, etc. For the conservation of the Carpinus laxiflora communities, it is necessary to establish the management plan of the biodiversity for Seoul area.

• Clean Technology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.75-81
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• 2016

As the quality of life has improved, the desire for the safety and quality of the foods and drugs has been gradually increasing. For safety and quality management in foods, drugs, health management, agriculture, environmental conservation, and the industrial fields, the demand for quickly and accurately measuring various chemicals has been increasing. As well, the desire for self-diagnosis of one's own health state and self-examining the safety of environment has been gradually increasing. Optical Isomers can have very different physiological effects on human beings. One isomer can exhibit desirable pharmacological, pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic and physiological properties, while the other isomer can exhibit undesirable and toxic properties toward living organisms, especially human beings. And they can exhibit different activities in chemical and biotechnological processes. Although the majority of commercially available drugs are now both synthetic and chiral materials, a most chiral drugs are still marketed as racemic drugs. Thus, to avoid possible undesirable side effects from chiral drugs, more effective methods for separating and recognizing chiral compounds are urgently needed. In this report, we investigated the overall developing trends of the chiral drug separation and analysis technology by using molecular recognition.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.403-414
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• 2020

Gradient concentrations of Tithonia diversifolia green leaves and phosphate rocks were used to investigate their contributions as a fertilizer to the yield and quality improvement of a rainfed rice cultivar. Six treatments were compared: (1) T0, no fertilization (control); (2) T1, 1.28 g of phosphate rocks; (3) T2, 250 g of organic matter; (4) T3, 500 g of organic matter; (5) T4, 250 g of organic matter + 1.28 g of phosphate rocks; (6) T5, 500 g of organic matter + 1.28 g of phosphate rocks. The results showed that the germination percentage recorded 15 days after sowing varied from 58 - 76% between T0 and T5. The number of panicles ranged between 2 (T0) to 6.3 (T5). Moreover, the recorded length of the panicles ranged between 7.5 (T1) to 15.8 cm (T2), and the number of grains per panicle ranged between 25.5 (T1) to 273.5 (T3). The plant height was significantly increased in the T5 (79.27 cm) group compared to the T1 (33.63 cm) and control treatment (T0) (40.08 cm) groups. Although the plant height in the T2, T3, and T4 groups was slightly lower than the T5 group, the difference was not statistically significant. The average of the grain number per plant was high in the T3 (273.6 grains) group compared to the T1 and T0 (25.5 and 32.8 grains) groups, respectively. These results suggest that the combination of T. diversifolia leaves and phosphate rocks as a natural fertilizer would be beneficial when integrated into soil fertility management strategies and would contribute to improving crop yield and quality.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.97-126
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• 2014

October 4, 1957 the Soviet Sputnik 1 was launched into space the first time in the history of mankind. After launching, the realm of humankind was expanded to space. Today all countries of the world wage a fierce competition in order to utilize space for various purposes. World powers of space such as United States, Russia, China, and Japan, put reconnaissance satellites and ocean surveillance satellites into orbit, being able to easily see equipment and troops movement on earth. Each country makes efforts to occupy space assets through the militarization of space and expand national interests. Recently private companies or individuals involved in commercial space activities are becoming more prevalent. Thus, in addition to space activities for military purposes, commercial space activities become widespread. Individuals and private companies as well as nations are also involved in space activities. Outer space is not the monopoly of space powers such as the United States and Russia. The whole human race can benefit from free access to space, being the common heritage of mankind. In particular, outer space becomes an indispensable element of military activities and human life. Many countries are now entering space development, putting a lot of budget into new development programs. Republic of Korea also built the Narodo Space Center, starting its space development with budget and manpower. We have to find out ways to use space not only for military purposes but also for commercial space activities that can contribute to the national economy. In addition, through the joint efforts of the international community, we have to make efforts for preservation and peaceful use of space. Various issues relating to space activities and research should be studies in order to contribute to the progress of humanity. Those issues include the definition of outer space, space debris reduction and environmental conservation issues, non-bind measure cooperation - European International Code of Conduct, space law and national legislation related empowerment issues, arms control measures in space, and restrictions on the use of nuclear fuel. We also need to be involved in the discussion of those issues as one of responsible space countries. In addition, we try to find out regional cooperation schemes such as the ESA in the Europe actively. Currently in the Northeast Asia, cooperation bodies led by Japan and China respectively, are operated in the confrontational way. To avoid such confrontation, a new cooperative body needs to be established for cooperation on space exploration and information. The system to allow the exchange of satellite information for early warning of natural disasters needs to be built as well. In addition, efforts to enhance the effectiveness of the relevant international treaties on space, and fill in the blanks in international space laws should be made at the same time. To this end, we have to do a leading role in the establishment of standards such as non-binding measures (resolution) - Code of Conduct, being discussed in the UN and other organizations, and compliance with those standards. Courses in aerospace should be requires in law schools and educational institutes, and professional manpower need to be nurtured. In addition, the space-related technology and policy needs to be jointly studied among the private, public, and military groups, and the cross exchange among them should be encouraged.