• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.154-159
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• 2017

Enzymatic treatment was conducted to hydrolyze pure cellulose nanofiber (PCNF), holocellulose nanofiber (HCNF), and lignocellulose nanofiber (LCNF) for 6, 24 and 72 hours and thus-obtained nanofibers (1, 3, 5, 10 wt%) were used to reinforce polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Glucose production yield was increased by enzymatic hydrolysis. Tensile strength and elastic modulus of all PVA nanocomposite reinforced three nanofibers were improved by increasing enzymatic hydrolysis time of nanofibers and these values were higher in order of nanocomposite reinforced with PCNF>HCNF>LCNF. Furthermore, tensile properties of nanocomposite with PCNF were increased by nanofiber content. Thermal stability of PVA was improved by adding nanofibers and by increasing nanofiber content.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제22권8호
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• pp.1019-1027
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• 2013

Sulfur hexa-fluoride has been used as a etching gas in semiconductor industry. From the globally environmental issues, it is urgent to control the emissions of this significant greenhouse gas. The main objective of this experimental investigation was to find the effective catalyst for $SF_6$ decomposition. The precursor catalyst of hexa-aluminate was prepared to investigate the catalytic activity and stability. The precursor catalyst of hexa-aluminate was modified with Ni to enhance the catalytic activities and stability. The catalytic activity for $SF_6$ decomposition increased by the addition of Ni and maximized at 6wt% addition of Ni. The addition of 6wt% Ni in precursor catalyst of hexa-aluminate improved the resistant to the HF and reduced the crystallization and phase transition of catalyst.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.95-105
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• 1996

Meteorological Joint Frequency Function required indispensably in long-term air quality prediction models were discussed for practical application in Korea. The algorithm, proposed by Turner(l964), is processed with daily solar insolation and cloudiness and height basically using Pasquill's atmospheric stability classification method. In spite of its necessity and applicability, the computer program, called STAR(STability ARray), had some significant difficulties caused from the difference in meteorological data format between that of original U.S. version and Korean's. To cope with the problems, revised STAR program for Korean users were composed of followings; applicability in any site of Korea with regard to local solar angle modification; feasibility with both of data which observed by two classes of weather service centers; and examination on output format associated with prediction models which should be used.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.45-52
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to provide information for the livestock for the livestock carcass composting operation in agricultural waste management. Burial, landfilling and incineration of livestock carcass may have environmental regulatory and economic liabilities. Dead animals amended with agricultural residues can be composted and used to promote soil fertility and reduce environmental pollution. In this study we evaluated the effect of amendments on the primary and secondary composting reaction and stability of compost. The full-scale composting bin of swine carcass in roofed system with three amendments was adequate in reaching sufficient temperature above 55$^{\circ}C$ long enough to kill the pathogen. The average temperature of the compost material in dead swine amended with corn stover increased rapidly to 64$^{\circ}C$ on the 2nd day after primary composting and dropped to near ambient temperature on the 140th day of composting. The composting with of corn stover and wheat straw are more efficient for swine carcass composting than that of sawdust. Therefore, the amendment property is an important factor in the design of composting facility.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.49-57
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• 2020

In comparison with the existing static reliability analysis methods, the dynamic reliability analysis(DyRA) method is more suitable for estimating the failure probability of a structure subjected to earthquake excitations because it can take into account the frequency characteristics and damping capacity of the structure. However, the DyRA is known to have an issue of numerical stability due to the uncertainty in random sampling of the earthquake excitations. In order to solve this numerical stability issue in the DyRA approach, this study proposed two earthquake-scale factors. The first factor is defined as the ratio of the first earthquake excitation over the maximum value of the remaining excitations, and the second factor is defined as the condition number of the matrix consisting of the earthquake excitations. Then, we have performed parametric studies of two factors on numerical stability of the DyRA method. In illustrative example, it was clearly confirmed that the two factors can be used to verify the numerical stability of the proposed DyRA method. However, there exists a difference between the two factors. The first factor showed some overlapping region between the stable results and the unstable results so that it requires some additional reliability analysis to guarantee the stability of the DyRA method. On the contrary, the second factor clearly distinguished the stable and unstable results of the DyRA method without any overlapping region. Therefore, the second factor can be said to be better than the first factor as the criterion to determine whether or not the proposed DyRA method guarantees its numerical stability. In addition, the accuracy of the numerical analysis results of the proposed DyRA has been verified in comparison with those of the existing first-order reliability method(FORM), Monte Carlo simulation(MCS) method and subset simulation method(SSM). The comparative results confirmed that the proposed DyRA method can provide accurate and reliable estimation of the structural failure probability while maintaining the superior numerical efficiency over the existing methods.

• 한국해안·해양공학회논문집
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.181-190
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 사석 방파제 위에 피복한 Rakuna-IV에 대하여 파랑조건과 구조물의 경사를 변화시키며 51가지 실험을 수행하여 안정공식을 유도하였다. 안정공식에서 안정수는 상대피해, 파의 개수, 구조물 경사 및 surf similarity parameter의 함수로 표시된다. 안정공식은 권파와 쇄기파에 대하여 따로따로 유도되었으며, 둘 중 안정수를 크게 계산하는 공식을 사용한다. 또한 권파와 쇄기파의 경계가 되는 critical surf similarity parameter를 제시하였다. 마지막으로, Hudson 공식에서 사용되는 안정계수에 익숙한 기술자들에게 Rakuna-IV의 안정성을 설명하기 위하여, 대표적인 권파와 쇄기파 조건에 대하여 유의파고의 변화에 따른 Rakuna-IV의 소요중량을 계산하고, 이를 몇몇 다른 안정계수를 사용한 Hudson 공식의 결과와 비교하였다.

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.143-151
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 대형 축조블록과 지오그리드 보강재를 이용한 보강토 옹벽의 안정성을 검토하였으며, 이를 바탕으로 구조물의 적용에 대하여 평가하였다. 안정성은 옹벽높이, 뒤채움 흙의 강도 및 지오그리드 보강재의 강도 조건에 따른 외적 및 내적안정성을 검토하였다. 외적안정성 분석 결과, 보강재의 길이는 전면벽체 저면으로부터 산정된 옹벽높이의 0.7H와 보강재 수직간격을 1m로 설치하였을 때, 뒤채움 흙의 내부마찰각 및 옹벽 높이에 관계없이 모든 해석조건에서 기준안전율을 만족하였다. 내적안정성의 경우에는 뒤채움 흙의 내부마찰각이 $25^{\circ}$인 경우에도 일부 옹벽 높이에서 파단 및 인발에 대한 안정성이 확보할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 특히, 내적안정성 평가결과를 바탕으로 대하여 구조적 안정성 및 경제성을 고려할 수 있는 구조물로의 적용이 가능할 것으로 확인되었다.

• 지질공학
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.133-144
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• 2005

강원도에 위치한 D석탄광산에서 발생된 폐광석을 쌓아둔 적치장 사면의 지반공학적$\cdot$환경공학적 측면에서 안정성을 해석하고, 적합한 대 책을 수립하기 위하여 본 연구를 수행하였다. 적치장에서 하천으로 유입되는 침출수에 대한 수질검사를 통해 폐광석 적치장이 산성 광산배수(AMD)를 발생시키고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 폐광석 적치장의 사면안정 해석을 위하여 SLOPILE 프로그램을 이용하여 건기시, 평상시, 우기시 에 대하여 원호활동 해석을 실시하였다. 또한, 사면의 규모가 대규모인 점을 고려하여 사면 선단부분을 무한사면으로 가정한 평면파괴 해석도 실시하였다 원호활동해석에서 우기시 사면의 안전율이 0.78로 사면의 선단부에서 파괴가 발생하고, 평면파괴해석의 결과 우기시 활동깊이 4m 이하부터 사면의 안전율이 1이하로 파괴의 가능성을 잠재하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 비점오염 형태의 ADM 발생 저감과 사면 안정성 확보라는 측면에서 복합 대응이 가능한 뒷채움재로 폐콘크리트를 활용한 붕괴방치벽체(옹벽) 설치가 제안되었다.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2005년도 학술발표회(1)
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• pp.499-500
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• 2005

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.183-190
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• 2013

Establishment of a new concept of environmental friendly livestock manure management is required based on the facts. But now liquid fertilizer quality in korea shows a large difference among regions and the regulations are uncertain. Focusing on precedent study on main level-grading factors of liquid fertilizer quality certification, the study collected laws and standards related to liquid fertilizer of livestock manure at home and abroad and produced evaluation standards. Liquid fertilizer was divided into four factors (fertilizing value, harmfulness, stability and uniformity). According to each item, scores were awarded based on 16 details: fertilizing value (Nitrogen concentration, the whole concentration of Nitrogen, Phosphoric acid and Kalium), harmfulness (heavy metals, pathogenic microorganism and antibiotics), stability (maturity degree and odour), uniformity (EC, BOD, SS, moisture content and salt). The grade of liquid fertilizer, A (42~48), B (34~41), C (26~33) were rated using total scores.