• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.245-246
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• 2005

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2005.09b
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• pp.1243-1244
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• 2005

• Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea
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• no.63
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• pp.9-19
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to analyze the actual condition and the problems of the cave resources, and to suggest the improvements of the cave management. For this purpose, I analyzed the use of cave and the characteristics and the changing factors of the cave resources as well as the types and the formative factors of caves, and then investigated the problems and the improvement of the cave management. in conclusion, it is necessary that the comprehensive polities to prevent caves from staining and contaminating be established such as the environmental assessment and the conservative policies.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Environmental Toocicology Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.24-24
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• 2004

• Journal of Korea Society of Waste Management
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• v.35 no.8
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• pp.721-730
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• 2018

We investigated the effects of heavy metals in cement in the last 3 years and the amount of waste in the cement manufacturing process. The result shows that the average $Cr^{6+}$ content in cement products is controlled at 10 mg/kg. Cu and Pb have lower detection tendency in white cement than in ordinary portland cement. In addition, heavy metals such as Cd show a certain level of detection regardless of the input wastes. Copper slag and phosphate gypsum are the main influencing factors on the heavy metals in cement products. In auxiliary fuels, plastics waste and wood waste are considered to affect heavy metals in cement products. Alternative raw materials are considered to be affected by the alternative raw materials managed as byproducts. In the case of supplementary fuels, auxiliary fuels managed as waste instead of auxiliary fuels managed as byproducts affect the heavy metals in cement. This study examined the input amount without considering the heavy metals in each waste. Therefore, the result may vary in different situations, and further research must be conducted to supplement the findings. However, if the heavy-metal contents in the waste are constant, it can be used as a reference material for the control of heavy metals in cement products.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2005.09b
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• pp.1365-1366
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• 2005

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.61-76
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• 1999

For the effective management of urban forest, a variety of informations on urban forest needs to be accurately measured and effectively used in decision-making processes. This study aims at developing an urban forest management system with reference to GIS and making it possible to effectively manage urban forests. A detailed forest type map were constructed with the help of aerial photograph and terrestrial inventory. A geographical map in terms of slope, aspect and altitude were also prepared by Digital Elevation Model(DEM). A soil type map containing chemical characteristics were also made through soil analysis. These thematic maps which contain informations on forest type, geography and soil were digitalized with reference to GIS, and an urban forest management system of user interface were developed. With the help of this urban forest management system, various spatial and attribute informations which need for urban forest management could be easily used in decision-making processes in relation to urban forest.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2005.09b
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• pp.1100-1101
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• 2005

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.83-89
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• 2000

There is no simple method to solve livestock waste problems satisfactorily. For a successful solution, various methods should be well organized orderly depending upon the situation. Even in the livestock waste management, integrated waste management principle should be applied. Minimization of livestock waste generation is the first priority. It is also important to distribute fairly livestock farms throughout the nation. Efficient management of permit system is equally important. Permit should be given only when the farmer have enough grass-land on which the farmer can apply more than two thirds of livestock waste generated or when the farm have an anaerobic digestor in which store livestock waste generated for at least 3 months. In principle, livestock waste should be treated in the farm and it is desirable to operate composting facilities in the farm site too.

• Water for future
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• v.52 no.8
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• pp.56-66
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• 2019

Nepal is bestowed with abundant water. With more than 1500 mm average annual rainfall in the country, a vast quantity of underutilized groundwater in the Terai belt, and the water stored in snowcaps in the Himalayas, aquifers in the mountains and glacial lakes, Nepal is potentially in an advantageous position in terms of per capita availability. However, low emphasis in management aspect of water and high emphasis in infrastructural developments related to water resources management has resulted in conversion of water in Nepal from a resource to a burden. The global climate change, reduction in number of rainy days, increase in intensity of rainfall during wet monsoon season, encroachment of river banks for settlement, inadequate release of environmental flows from hydropower plants, and attempt to tame the mighty and high velocity rivers of Nepal have resulted in increasing number of water induced disasters (flood and landslide), rise in conflict between local residents and hydropower developers, higher number of devastating landslides, and in some extreme cases mass migration of residents resulting in climate refugees. There is a ray of hope; the awareness level of the people regarding sustainable use of water resources is increasing, the benefit sharing mechanism is gradually being implemented, the role of interdisciplinary and integrated water resources management is appreciated at a higher level and the level of preparedness against flood and landslides is at a higher degree compared to a couple of decades ago. With the use of renewable energy sources, the possibilities for sustainable and productive use of water are on the rise in Nepal.