• 환경영향평가
• /
• 제16권6호
• /
• pp.467-483
• /
• 2007

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a kind of planning technique to seek ways to minimize environmental impact, a scheme to encourage sustainable development. With the launch of the Ministry of Environment in 1980, the EIA was introduced in Korea. Its full operation was initially driven by regulations on documenting EIA reports in 1981, which was piloted as a decision-making scheme where final decision were made at the development department after considering opinions suggested by the Ministry of Environment. At that time, dominance of the economic logic overwhelmed environ-friendly opinions, but thanks to the fourth revision of the Environmental Conservation Law in 1986, private projects came to be included on the EIA list. This was a turning point for the EIA to become a regulatory system. Local governments are also conducting the EIA regardless of the national-level EIA. In order to prevent and resolve increasingly severe environmental problems in Seoul in advance due to various construction projects, the Seoul Metropolitan Government, for the first time as a local government in Korea, legislated city decrees to introduce the EIA which has been underway from September 1, 2002. In particular, the Seoul government, unlike the Ministry of Environment, has included construction works on the list of evaluation projects, adopting the scoping and screen procedure scheme. In addition, complementing operational setbacks, the city government has revised and implemented decrees and enforcement laws on the Impact Assessment on Environment, Transportation and Disasters by shortening the consultation period, eliminating the submission of reports on construction, and expanding the waiver requirements in consultation over the reports. Therefore, development measures for the EIA scheme of the Seoul Metropolitan Government will be the target of the research. To that end, the up-to-date data of the Ministry of Environment, the Seoul government and local governments was collected, and latest materials from the EU, previous research and the Internet were gathered for analyses. By doing so, the flow of the EIA was reviewed, and the EIA schemes of local governments under the national EIA were analyzed. Furthermore, based on the Seoul government's recent data on the EIA based on the decrees, the background and legislation of the Seoul government's EIA were analyzed along with the developments for the environmental organizations. Setbacks were derived from the implementation period, evaluation procedures, consultation period and details of the EIA, and corresponding development measures were proposed.

• 환경영향평가
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.145-152
• /
• 1998

The first Environmental Impact Assessment(EIA) in Korea was carried out for Electric Power resource development. This study includes of the method and procedure of pre-Environmental investigation and EIA for Electric Power resource development. Through the analysis of these we make some conclusions for the improvemental and effective method of impact prediction, the environmentally sound and sustainable development of the earth(ESSD) and the collection of public opinions.

• 환경영향평가
• /
• 제10권3호
• /
• pp.211-221
• /
• 2001

Recognizing interaction between the environment and humans, the EIA(environmental impact assessment) movement has sought to promote more environmentally sound and informed decisions for the sake of human welfare. Therefore, most EIA programs require the consideration of human health impacts. Yet relatively few EIA documents adequately address those impacts. This study was carried out to investigate the role of EIA for reuniting the environment and human health, for preventing and reducing significant health risks, and for improving human health impact assessment by means of risk assessment. Risk assessment consists of 4 components; hazard identification, dose-response assessment, exposure assessment and risk characterization. Since most people spent their times in indoor, indoor air quality modelling can be used in exposure assessment and risk assessment. In this study, indoor $NO_2$ concentration and personal $NO_2$ exposure were estimated by Box Model using mass balance equation and time weighted average, respectively. The estimated indoor $NO_2$ concentration and the personal $NO_2$ exposure were compared by those measured, respectively. Subsequntly, health effect was assessed with these results. Consequently, exposure assessment and risk assessment using indoor air quality model may be considered to be applicable to EIA.

• 환경영향평가
• /
• 제4권3호
• /
• pp.49-54
• /
• 1995

Most of the solid waste has been land-filed as an ultimate disposal method in Korea, with might induce many environmental problems by generating odor, particulates and leachate. The landfill site should be considered as a kind of pleasant facility to neighboring residents. Currently, for a landfill site, while the environmental law requires to perform the EIA before the planning. EIA has been performed after the selection of the landfill-site. That might be controversal to the purpose of doing EIA. In this study, the weakness of the EIA for the landfill-site was analysed and was suggested for comprehensive EIA in Korea as well.

• 환경영향평가
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.119-126
• /
• 2000

Environmental monitoring system has been adopted and supplemented as inspection measures for the quantitative and qualitative changes of environmental impact assessment (EIA). Meanwhile it has been continuously pointed out that there is insufficient connection between environmental monitoring system and EIA. Often the agreed environmental impact assessment has not been fulfilled due to the argument of the cost, timing and situations of construction sites. Thus the purpose of this study is in search of the rationalized environmental monitoring system in order to harmonize the development and environmental conservation through the improvement of unreasonable aspects of the current EIA execution process. As to comply with the purpose, this research was carried out with three different but complimentary sources: environmental laws and regulations, foreign case studies of Japan, U.S.A. and Canada, and interviews with 73 experts. Finally, improved environmental monitoring system has been introduced reflecting the present process of EIA.

• 환경영향평가
• /
• 제25권3호
• /
• pp.165-174
• /
• 2016

환경영향평가 사후관리는 환경영향평가 제도의 완성과 발전에 있어 필수적으로 요구되는 단계이다. 근자에 환경영향평가 제도가 안정기에 들면서 제도의 내실 있는 성장을 위한 환경영향평가 사후관리의 내실화 및 활성화에 대한 요구가 높아졌다. 최근까지도 다양한 환경영향평가 사후관리 개선방안이 제시되어 온 것은 사실이다. 그러나 실제 정책에 적용되기 위해서는 일정 수준의 선행준비가 필요하고 이러한 대내 외적인 여건 마련 부족 그리고 현실적 상황과 제안사항 사이의 간극으로 인해 실제 제도개선에의 적용에는 어려움이 있었다. 이에 본 논문에서는 환경영향평가 사후관리의 발전방향을 설정하고 단계별 실천전략을 제안하고자 한다. 이를 위하여 국내 제도의 현황을 다각도에서 분석하여 문제점을 도출하고 국외 동향과의 비교를 통해 우리나라 제도의 현 상황을 파악하였다. 최종적으로 연구결과를 종합하여 우리나라 환경영향평가 사후관리가 수행해야 하는 주요 기능 및 발전 방향과 최종 목표를 설정하고 최종 목표에 연착륙하기 위한 단계별 실천전략을 제시하였다.

• 환경영향평가
• /
• 제2권2호
• /
• pp.33-39
• /
• 1993

Public participation in the Environmental Impact Assessment(EIA) has been implemented since the August 1 of 1991 with the Environmental Policy Act promulgation in the August 1 of 1991. It is structured to comment on draft Environmental Impact Statement(EIS) through open reviewing, public meeting and hearing. Though public participation has an important role in determining environmental significance, it is room for improvement. With positive public participation and system development such as Environmental Impact Assessment Act on June 11 of 1993, the effectiveness of it will be improved. This article is composed of status of public participation, comparison with other countries, comparison analysis by items of EIS prepared before and after public participation, and contents of public opinions in EIS.

• 환경영향평가
• /
• 제20권4호
• /
• pp.565-574
• /
• 2011

This paper aims to design a policy-assessment tool liking the Environmental Impact Assessment(EIA) and the Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA). As a step towards the incorporation of environmental and economic considerations, the approach used herein takes the form of integrating quantitative information on environmental benefits and costs associated with implementing the project into the existing framework of the EIA. Our case study is an project appraisal of a solar energy plant. It is confirmed that the technique is operational, however, there are certain limitations for a complete assessment. The difficulty mainly originated from the omission of important information from each step of the valuation process. Alternatively stated, some environmental services are not identified, nor quantified, and nor monetized in the process. More case studies are warranted in the future along with elaboration in methodology of techniques. In addition, the construction of a database on environmental values will be required to accumulate reliable and systematized data. These are the necessary conditions to improving quality in application of techniques as well as providing comprehensive and balanced information to decision makers.

• 환경영향평가
• /
• 제12권3호
• /
• pp.211-228
• /
• 2003

Most environmental impact assessment(EIA) programs around the world require the consideration of human health impacts. Yet relatively few EIA documents adequately address those impacts. This article examines how, why, and to what extent health impacts are analyzed in environmental impact assessments. This article investigates these problems and provides recommendations to improve human health impact assessment(HIA), using methods, procedures and case study. Also, a comprehensive approach for the evaluation of possible health effects in an EIA is described, illustrated with the example of Amsterdam Airport Schiphol. Unlike many EIAs, we estimated quantitatively the impact of aircraft-related pollution in terms of the number of affected people for aircraft noise annoyance, odour annoyance and hypertension. In addition, an analysis of health registry data on cardiovascular and respiratory diseases and a short survey on annoyance and risk perception were carried out.

• 환경영향평가
• /
• 제21권4호
• /
• pp.525-541
• /
• 2012

This study aims to investigate the possibility of Investor-State Dispute under Korea US FTA in relation to Korean environmental impact assessment scheme. The study analyzes the Investor-State Dispute case between Bilcon of Delaware and the government of Canada. The case study shows that Bilcon challenged Canada with violations of NAFTA 1102, 1103 and 1105, arguing that Canada treated Bilcon in an arbitrary and discriminatory manner. The study analyzes two different scenarios that Korea could face with arbitration for alleged breach of its obligations under the Korea US FTA in relation to EIA scheme. From analyzing the case study in relation to two different scenarios, the study finds that problems previously identified and associated with EIA scheme in Korea could directly or indirectly cause Investor-State Dispute Settlement process between Korea and American investors. The study concludes that the risk of violating Korea US FTA related with Korean EIA could be reduced by creating Korean EIA scheme in a transparent and unarbitrary manner which guarantees fair public participation and elaborating the concrete meaning of sustainable development in EIA law.