• 보건교육건강증진학회지
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.151-163
• /
• 1998

The purpose of this study is to find options which reduce the job stress and to enhance morale through a variable analysis, and also apply this data in the legal and administration fields. The data for the research was obtained from 217 dental hygienists working in the dental clinics, dental hospitals and university's dental hospitals' in Seoul. The tool used by this study was a Questionnaire measuring on-the-job stress of dental hygienists, was a modified and revised. The Questionnaire version used to measure bank's job stress and used to suggest options by Dae-ha Yoon(1991). Classification of items for measuring job stress was based on Theoretical Study on Job Stress by Dae-hyon Song(1986). The scale used in study was the two points (yes or no in the job stress) scale measuring for variables. The period of data collection was 30 days from December 4, 1995 to January 5, 1996. The methods of data collection were self-writing, direct visit, and postal Questionnaire answering, 224 copies of Questionnaire data were collected, but only 217 copies were used. 7 copies could not be analyzed, were not used for this study. The data analysis was conducted by SPSS after coding the collected raw data. The general characteristics was obtained from real digits and percentages. In order to analyze the difference of sub-variables against the job stress based on general characteristics. Mean, Standard Deviation, and F test (ANDVA) were conducted. The following were the results of job stress variables: 1. Meaningful variable affecting the working organization, is compensation system(p〈0.03). 2. Meaningful variable affecting the working period, is work overload(p〈0.02). 3. Meaningful variable affecting average patients per day, is the career management and payment(p〈0.04, p〈0.01). 4. Meaningful variable affecting number of staff, is the comrade relationship, role conflict among patients, work overload, and job overload(p〈0.000, p〈0.05, p〈0.04, p〈0.01). The comrade relationship is most affected to the number of staffs aides. 5. Meaningful variables affecting job diversion, are the desire and value, the non-role play, and the environment(p〈0.003, p〈0.02, p〈0.005).

• KIEAE Journal
• /
• 제12권6호
• /
• pp.23-28
• /
• 2012

Pressure distribution in the water supply system of an apartment complex consisting of 12 buildings and 635 units in total have been investigated numerically. The complex incorporates two zone booster pump system, and around a half of units have pressure reducing valves (PRVs) in them. Calculated hydrostatic pressure without the water flow were compared with their designed and measured counterparts, and they agreed quite well with each other. Then, the pressure and volumetric water flow rate at all units were analyzed, indicating that there are noticeable differences in pressure and flow rate in one unit to another, although the aforementioned minimization technologies of pressure deviation were employed. In order to further reduce the difference in the water flow rate, it is suggested that all the units in the complex have PRVs installed in their water supply system. The effect of setting pressure of the PRVs on the non-uniformity of the flow in each unit and on the reduction of total water supply for the apartment complex have been studied. With the same PRV setting pressure of 3.952 bar (or the gauge pressure of $3.0kg_f/cm^2$), it has been estimated that the suggested system improves the non-uniformity (the coefficient of variation) of the flow rate of apartment complex over the current system, from 8.02% to 6.66%, and reduces the total water supply, from $0.02804m^3/s$ to $0.02766m^3/s$.

• 한국통신학회논문지
• /
• 제22권9호
• /
• pp.2043-2052
• /
• 1997

차세대 부호화 기법중 객체기반 영상부호화 기법은 전형적인 화상전화용 영상에 적합하다. 이 방법에서는 어떤 움직임 모델일 설정하여 영상분석을 하는가에 따라 성능에 큰 영향을 미친다. 본 연구에서는 효율적인 영상분석 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 이전 영상과 현재 영상의 차 영상(frame difference)의 표준편차를 구하여 그 값을 기준으로 배경과 움직임 영역을 추출한다. 창내에서 화소값의 합이 문턱값 이상이며 그 창내의 가운데 점을 움직임 영역으로 간주한다. 추출한 움직임 영역으로부터 움직임 내개변수 구할 때 움직임 영역에서 에지연산자를 사용하여 물체의 영역을 구하여 관찰점(observation point)을 선택하면 올바른 움직임 매개변수를 추정 할 수 있다. 또한, 이전 영상과 현재 영상의 관찰점에서의 변화량 및 인접화소의 변화량을 같이 고려함으로써 잡음의 영향을 줄였다. 그 결과 물체 중심의 관찰점 선택과 잡음의 영향 제거로 움직임 매개변수를 좀더 정확하고 빠르게 구할 수 있었다. 실험결과 제안한 방법이 기존의 방법보다 더 나은 화질을 얻을 수 있었다.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
• /
• 제9권4호
• /
• pp.273-278
• /
• 2018

Due to the lack of water in arid and semi-arid areas, reuse of wastewater can be a suitable way to compensate for water scarcity. Therefore, in this research, evaluation of the quality of wastewater of Kashan Treatment Plant to use for irrigation was studied. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 2016. pH, TSS, TDS, turbidity, COD, BOD5, Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen, Total Phosphorus, Total Coliform, fecal coliform, nematode eggs of inlet and outlet of wastewater treatment plant in Kashan were studied. Mean and standard deviation and wastewater quality parameters before and after treatment were tested with SPSS 22 (2014) software. The mean wastewater output of COD, BOD5, TSS, TDS and turbidity were respectively 86.6, 41.2, 11.11, 1095 mgL-1 and 17.5 NTU and the pH was equal to 7.22. Also, the average of Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen and phosphorus were 22.4 and 2.2 mgL-1 respectively. The mean of Total Coliform and fecal coliform were 225, 161 MPN / 100 ml respectively. In addition, no nematode eggs were found in final effluent. The results indicated that the treatment plants had a significant role in the control of microbial and organic pollution load of wastewater. Also, it is concluded that all parameters were in accordance with the standards of Iran's Department of Environment, so, it can be used for unrestricted irrigation.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
• /
• 제12권7호
• /
• pp.1037-1047
• /
• 2001

본 논문에서는 역방향 링크상의 전파 음영 채널에서 불완전 전력제어 및 불완전 섹터화를 고려하여 DS/CDMA 계층 셀룰라 시스템의 용량을 분석한다. 실제 시스템에서는 이론과는 달리 완전한 전력제어가 되지 않기 때문에 불완전 전력제어, 불완전 섹터화 및 처리이득, 매크로셀의 사용자 수와 같은 파라미터를 고려하여 시스템의 용량 변화를 유도하였다. 해석한 결과, 전력제어 및 섹터화가 불완전 할수록, 매크로셀과 마이크로셀의 전력비가 커질수록, 처리이득이 작을수록, 마이크로셀의 사용자 수가 감소할수록 DS/CDMA 계층 셀룰라 시스템의 용량은 감소하였다. 또한, 계층셀 구조가 단일 매크로셀 구조에 비해 1.54 배에서 3.89 배로 사용자 용량을 증가시킬 수 있음을 보였다.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
• /
• 제28권8호
• /
• pp.603-609
• /
• 2017

전개형 솔리드 안테나에서 패널 전개 시 발생할 수 있는 구조적인 오차가 안테나 성능에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 위성에서 활용되는 전개형 안테나는 지상에서 접힌 상태로 발사되어 우주 공간에서 펼쳐지며, 전개 시 발생할 수 있는 오차의 형태를 분류하여 각각의 경우에 성능에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 패널 하나에만 전개 오차가 있을 때는 불완전 전개 패널에 해당하는 쪽에서 안테나 성능의 열화가 발생하였다. 패널 전개 오차가 코사인 함수의 형태로 분포한다고 가정하여 오차의 크기와 오차 형태에 따른 영향을 계산하고 분석하였다. 안테나 패널 오차가 균일한 경우에는 오차크기에 비례하여 이득이 감소하고, 패턴은 대칭이다. 코사인 1 또는 3주기의 패널 오차에 대해서는 주엽의 기울어짐이 나타나며, 코사인 2 또는 4주기의 패널 오차에 대해서는 패턴은 대칭이며, 이득이 감소한다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
• /
• 제26권2호
• /
• pp.97-107
• /
• 2000

PCBs [Polychlorinated biphenyls] are halogenated aromatic compounds with the empirical formula C12H10-nCln(n=1~10), and are a mixture of possible 209 different chlorinated congeners. PCBs were widely used as dielectric fluids for capacitors, transformers, plasticizers, lubricant inks, and paint additives. once released into the environment, PCBs persist for years because they are so resistant to degradation. In addition to their high degree of lipophilicity. In 1970s, the worldwide production of PCBs seem to be still in use. The environmental load of PCBs was prohibited since 1983 in Korea. In spite of these actions, many PCBs seem to be still in use. The environmental load of PCBs will continue to be recycled through air, land, water, and the biosphere for decades to come. This study was conducted to measure the concentrations of PCBs I the serum samples of 112 women by GC/MSD(Hewlett Packard 5897 Gas Chromatography-Mass Chromatography Detector) and CG/ECD(Hewlett Packard 5890 series-II gas chromatography-Electron capture detector, U.S.A). The main results of this study were as follows; The mean and standard deviation of serum PCBs were 3.613, 0.759 ppb, respectively and median of it was 3.828 ppb. The correlation coefficients of the concentrations of 13 PCB congeners ranged from 0.7913 to 0..9985 and were significantly correlated between each items(p=0.0001). The PCB concentrations were positively associated with age(simple linear regression; R2=0.86, =0.08023, p<0.001) and with total lipids in serums(simple linear regression; R=0.7058, =0.00486, p<0.001). The age adjusted model (Y=$\beta$0+$\beta$1age+$\beta$2X) was applied for possible predictors of PCBs levels in serum. For BMI(Body Mass Index), major residential area, and fish, meat, and dairy consumption, there was no association with PCBs levels, Also there was negative association for the number of pregnancy and lactation period with PCBs levels.

• 한국환경보건학회지
• /
• 제23권4호
• /
• pp.73-81
• /
• 1997

Diphtheria was the world-spread, respiratory infectious disease in the past. But after developing the diphtheria toxoid, diphtheria vaccine, composed of diphtheria toxoid, is generalized, so prevalence of diphtheria is sharply dropped. But diphtheria is come back in NIS(New Independent States) in 1990s. It is believed that recurrence of diphtheria is mainly due to shortage of protective diphtheria antibody titer in adults. And it is related to 70% prevalence in adults, not in children. Considering this changing environment, this study was designed to research the diphtheria antibody titer of whole population and existence of titer difference by sex. Also it was studied whether ELISA has fitness as determination method of diphtheria antibody titer compared with neutralization method on microcell culture. This study was done to 277 samples of three hospitals in Seoul area, and sera was tested by neutralization method on microcell culture and ELISA method. The results of this study were as follows 1) Of this studied population, 31.05% had an antibody titer below the protective level (<0.01 IU/ml), 40.79% had a titer of a relative degree of protection (0.01-0.09 IU/ml) and 28.16% had a reliable degree of protection ($\geq$0.1 IU/ml). Therefore, 68.95% had a basic protective antibody titer level. 2) 20-40 age group showed the lowest diphtheria antibody titer among the studied population. 3) GMT of diphtheria antibody titer was the highest in the children. But, after child period, GMT was fallen. Standard deviation value was the lowest in older group. 4) Protective level of diphtheria antibody titer of male was slightly higher than female (70.94% vs 66.66%). But this difference was not statistically significant. 5) Diphtheria antibody titer by ELISA method was wholly higher than by neutralization method on microcell culture. Compared the two results by ELISA and neutralization, the regression coefficient was 0.38. And in titer, which was obtained by ELISA method, false-positive results was abundant.

• 의료ㆍ복지 건축 : 한국의료복지건축학회 논문집
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.7-15
• /
• 2016

Purpose: There are the number of color tactile walking surface indicators installed in Korea, because of indefinite regulation in blind and vision-impaired persons' tactile walking surface indicators. In case of yellow tactile walking surface indicators, it shows a deviation severe color. In this study, the researchers suggested color and brightness reference for helping blind and vision-impaired persons' walking through analyzing the color references of tactile walking surface indicators and the color luminance between tactile walking surface indicators and sidewalk currently used. Method: Reasonable luminance contrast criteria is suggested by examining ways of improving the recognition and recognition of objects according to color contrast visually impaired through literature review and analyzing standards of tactile walking surface indicators and the Europe, Japan and Australia of color and luminance contrast criteria. And by examining the color of the tactile walking surface indicators reported in Korea currently used to derive the problem presented by the luminance contrast in the reference and comparison. Finally, the visually impaired tactile walking surface indicators is set for color selection criteria for the recognition rate improves. Results: In order to improve the recognition rate to be tactile walking surface indicators of the contrast of the visually impaired and the environment than the color of the tactile walking surface indicators itself to secure always a certain level or more of brightness contrast values in the set of the color of the tactile walking surface indicators so important. Implication: In order to set the blind tactile walking surface indicators color recognition based on the verification of the real pedestrian based on the results presented in this paper it is required. It is to be understood as an element of the barrier free configuration for securing the walking pedestrian safety.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
• /
• 제18권3호
• /
• pp.679-686
• /
• 2014

과거에 비해 현재는 네트워크를 통해서 수없이 많은 이미지와 영상을 많은 사용자들이 공유하고 있다. 이러한 연유로 이미지 또는 영상의 압축에 대해서 많은 연구들이 진행되어지고 있다. 그 중에서도 특정한 목적을 위해 이미지의 특정영역에 관해서만 관심을 갖는 경우가 존재한다. 예를 들어 ATM과 같이 배경보다는 사람의 얼굴을 중요시 여기는 기기에서는 관심영역을 설정하여 압축하는 방법이 중요시 되고 있다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 한 이미지 내에서 관심영역과 비관심영역을 구분하고, 관심영역에 대해서는 높은 퀄리티를 유지하되 비 관심영역에 대해서는 낮은 퀄리티로 압축하여 사용자가 의도하는 관심도를 고려할 수 있도록 새로운 압축방법을 제시한다. 인간 시각체계는 어두운 영역에서보다는 밝은 영역에서 밝기 변화의 민감도가 낮다는 특성과 이미지 압축 시 사용되는 블록의 특성인 표준편차를 이용하여 새로운 관심영역을 정의하여 사용한다. 마지막으로 제시된 방법을 JPEG을 변형하여 실험해봄으로써 검증하였다.