• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
• /
• v.24 no.5
• /
• pp.592-597
• /
• 2008

Current water quality standard (WQS) in Korea is based on the protection of human health, not considering the protection of aquatic organisms. Most of chemicals can be toxic to ecological biota as well as human. Health of aquatic biota is closely related to the human health via food chain, therefore ecological risk based-WQS needs to be developed to protect the aquatic ecosystem. In this study, we selected the 31 chemicals in the Project entitled 'Development of integrated methodology for evaluation of water environment'. The methodology for calculating water quality criteria was derived from the Australian and New Zealand processes for deriving guideline trigger value for aquatic ecosystem. The available ecotoxicity data were collected from US EPA's ECOTOXicology Database (ECOTOX), TOX-2000 Database, European Chemicals Bureau (ECB)'s International Uniform Chemical Information Database (IUCLID) and Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA)'s report 'Ambient Water Quality Criteria (AWQC)'. The aquatic toxicity data for the Korean species were selected for risk assessment to reflect the Korean water environment. The monitoring values were calculated from the water quality monitoring data four main Korean rivers. We suggested the order of priorities of chemicals based on ecological risk assessment. We expect that these results can be useful information for establishing the WQS for the protection of aquatic ecosystem.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
• /
• 2008.10a
• /
• pp.1389-1396
• /
• 2008

The recent Sichuan earthquake(2008) in China and Iwate-Miyazaki earthquake(2008) in Japan give Korea peninsula warning that it is no more safety zone against damage by earthquake events. So, rapid and appropriate countermeasures for dam operation and management against earthquake are needed. In Korea earthquake design standard(MOCT, 1997) has been revised after Kobe earthquake. Installation of seismometer and monitoring of earthquake for special class dams is requlated in dam aseismic design standard(MOCT, 2001). Accelerometer installation project for existing dams has been carrying out by K-water to establish an earthquake network for dam safety. Real-time dam earthquake monitoring network has also been developed to detect an earthquake efficiently and to warn to dam administrators as soon as possible. In this study, dam real-time earthquake monitoring system developed by K-water was introduced and applicability of real earthquake record measured by this system to dam safety management was illustrated.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
• /
• v.8 no.4
• /
• pp.339-346
• /
• 2017

The Korea Adaptation Center for Climate Change (KACCC) located in Korea Environment Institute has serviced a climate change vulnerability assessment support tool (VESTAP) since 2014 in order to help local governments to establish their own adaptation plans. Owing to its easy usage, the VESTAP has been utilized by not only local governments but also academia for examination of climate change vulnerability in various fields. However, the KACCC has not suggested a standard usage how to compose indices for climate exposure, sensitivity, and adaptation capacity which are main components of vulnerability although the KACCC manages operation and application of the VESTAP. Many users had no choice but to compose indices based on their own interpretation on the components of vulnerability. This technical note suggests the standard usage of VESTAP by reevaluating some vulnerability assessments previously developed. This may help users to correctly compose indices for climate change vulnerability assessment, and may minimize possibility of inter-user inconsistency in definition of vulnerability assessments.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.55 no.8
• /
• pp.2889-2896
• /
• 2023

The waste acceptance criteria for heavy metals in mixed waste should be developed by reflecting the leaching behaviors that could highly depend on the repository design and environment surrounding the waste. The current standards widely used to evaluate the leaching characteristics of heavy metals would not be appropriate for the silo-type repository since they are developed for landfills, which are more common than a silo-type repository. This research aimed to explore the leaching behaviors of cementitious waste with Pb, Cd, and Sb metallic and oxide powders in an environment simulating a silo-type radioactive waste repository. The Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) and the ANS 16.1 standard were employed with standard and two modified solutions: concrete-saturated deionized and underground water. The compositions and elemental distribution of leachates and specimens were analyzed using an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy combined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS). Lead and antimony demonstrated high leaching levels in the modified leaching solutions, while cadmium exhibited minimal leaching behavior and remained mainly within the cement matrix. The results emphasize the significance of understanding heavy metals' leaching behavior in the repository's geochemical environment, which could accelerate or mitigate the reaction.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.113-126
• /
• 2006

The scope of e-Commerce process becomes wider as the emphasis on the enterprise collaboration grows. It has expanded from its initial settings of order management or billing processes to cover various collaborative processes in the company's value-chain. In order for those collaborative e-Commerce processes to be successful, corresponding business processes should be fully supported by standard bodies. The RosettaNet consortium, one of the most representative international B2B standard bodies, has steadily provided new PIPs to support those expansions. Since individual RosettaNet PIPs correspond to unit tasks that are executed separately in or between companies, multiple PIPs have to be integrally used to properly handle larger business cases. RosettaNet implementation, however, has suffered from the lack of standard guidelines or deliverables to refer under this multi-PIP environment. In this research, a contents-based document routing system is implemented. By applying this routing system to the RosettaNet e-Logistics program where multi-PIP environment is inevitable, we verified our contents-based document routing system is effective to support multi-PIP environment flexibly.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
• /
• v.19 no.4 s.54
• /
• pp.25-33
• /
• 2004

Acrylamide, difficult to analyze by GC and GC/MS due to the polarity and low volatility, was analyzed by LC/ESI/MS in the study. Acrylamide its(molecular weight 71amu) showed m/z=72 $(M+H)^+$ and high peak intensity at 22V in SIR mode. The mass spectrum ratios of acrylamide for qualitative identification had m/z=72 in precursor ion and m/z=55 in products ion, respectively. Those ratios at 30V in SIR mode ranged from 1: 1.4 to 1:1.17 despite various acrylamide concentrations. The ion intensity ratios of acrylamide $(m/z=72,\; [M+H]^+)$ to acrylamide isotopes $(m/z=73,\;[M+H]^+)$ ranged from 100 : 3.57 to 100 : 3.92. The results verified theoretical mass spectrum ratio that was 100:3.82. The linearity of standard calibration curve was y : 520.584x + 1815.26 with $r^2=0.99.$ In quality assurance and quality control, the recovery rate ranged from 81.64 percent to 90.97 percent and relative standard deviation was less than $10\%$ with 5 repeated injections at individual standard calibration solutions. The method was applied to analyze acrylamide in food at grocery stores. Snacks made of potatoes showed the highest acrylamide concentration followed by products made of French fries, wheat, and corn.

• KIEAE Journal
• /
• v.11 no.6
• /
• pp.53-62
• /
• 2011

This study aimed at suggesting improvement of lighting environment of the coffee house using study place. To this end, a series of field investigation was conducted in four possible target coffee houses around university. The field measurement included measurement of general illuminance and tabletop illuminance, observing illumination condition, and status of artificial lighting. Also, on-site questionnaire survey was administrated to 80 users of field measurement targets about using characteristics of coffee house and user's subjective response on light environment. The results are summarized as follows: (1) According to questionnaire survey, most of users checked 'learning (study and reading)' in 'purpose of coffee house using', and 'slightly dark' was checked most in each subjective response (brightness on general space and on tabletop at daytime/night); (2) as results of measurements on general illuminance and on tabletop illuminance during daytime, only one coffee house was suitable for standard; (3) as results of measurements on illuminance during night, all target coffee houses were not met the standard; (4) as results of uniformity ratios, almost uniformities of general illuminance were not met the standard except one case. The common problems of lighting environment of coffee house were analyzed as lack of daylight illumination e.g. having low amount of sunshine from skylight, un-uniformity of insolation by floor plan and absence of window blind, and un-uniformity of artificial luminous intensity e.g. lack of the number or brightness of artificial lighting, using the indirect lighting, using only local lighting, and non-uniform arrangement of artificial lighting.

• The Journal of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment Research
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.38-47
• /
• 2018

In Korea, it is difficult to secure student health and safe educational environment due to the rapid deterioration of many school facilities built in the 70s and 80s in the past. As a result, through the improvement of school facilities, social needs for safe schools from various disasters, accidents, Is increasing. The purpose of this study was to establish a standard for the establishment of the national and school facilities for the mid - to long - term plan for the improvement of the old school facilities, and to propose a framework for mid - to long - term and rational planning that can be used by the national and local government offices. The purpose of this study is to establish a mid - and long - term plan for the improvement of old school facilities. The appropriate repair cycle for the improvement of the school facilities set up in this study can be utilized as a standard for the mid - and long - term planning for improvement of the school facilities in the Ministry of Education and the School of Education. To this end, a standard model, It is possible to roughly estimate the overall improvement in the mid- to long-term facilities at the national and regional levels.

• Land and Housing Review
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.23-38
• /
• 2024

This study examined the residential environment of public rental housing by type at a microscale, using ANOVA and multinominal logistic models, based on the minimum and specific housing standards. The key findings are as follows. First, it was confirmed that each type of public rental housing, as well as resident characteristics, varied in meeting the minimum and specific housing standards. Second, Happy House turned out to have the worst residential environments, as a high proportion of this type did not meet the minimum housing standard and the remaining specific standards, excluding facility standards. Third, among permanent rental, national rental, and purchase/jeonse rental housing types, permanent rental housing was poor by the minimum housing standards, and area and room standards, while purchase and jeonse rental housing types showed a high proportion of failure to meet structural, performance, and environmental standards. Fourth, it was confirmed that purchase/jeonse rentals had higher rental anxiety than other types of public rental housing. In particular, anxiety about rent increases and the loss of deposits was high. These findings suggest that public efforts are called for to improve the residential environment through tailored support, depending on the type of public rental housing.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.26 no.8
• /
• pp.939-953
• /
• 2017

For the development of flow duration curves for the management of 41 Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) units of the Nakdong River basin, first, an equation for estimating daily flow rates as well as the level of correlation (correlation and determination coefficients) was extrapolated through regression analysis of discrete (Ministry of Environment) and continuous (Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transportation) measurement data. The equation derived from the analysis was used to estimate daily flow rates in order to develop flow duration curves for each TMDL unit. By using the equation, the annual flow duration curves and flow curves, for the entire period and for each TMDL unit of the basin, were developed to be demonstrated in this research. Standard flow rates (abundant-, ordinary-, low- and drought flows) for major flow duration periods were calculated based on the annual flow duration curves. Then, the flow rates, based on percentile ranks of exceedance probabilities (5, 25, 50, 75, and 95%), were calculated according to the flow duration curves for the entire period and are suggested in this research. These results can be used for feasibility assessment of the set values of primary and secondary standard flow rates for each river system, which are derived from complicated models. In addition, they will also be useful for the process of implementing TMDL management, including evaluation of the target level of water purity based on load duration curves.