• Title/Summary/Keyword: Environment Condition

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Antioxidant Compounds and Antioxidant Activities of Sweet Potatoes with Cultivated Conditions (재배조건에 따른 고구마의 항산화성분 및 항산화활성)

  • Woo, Koan-Sik;Seo, Hye-In;Lee, Yong-Hwan;Kim, Hyun-Young;Ko, Jee-Yeon;Song, Seuk-Bo;Lee, Jae-Saeng;Jung, Ki-Yuol;Nam, Min-Hee;Oh, In-Seok;Jeong, Heon-Sang
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.41 no.4
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    • pp.519-525
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    • 2012
  • Effects of cultivated conditions on antioxidant compounds and antioxidant activities of sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam) were determined. The cultivated variety was Shinyulmi, and they were cultivated in a conventional culture, successful cropped hairy vetch culture, successful cropped barley cultivation, successful cropped rye cultivation, successful cropped mix-seeding of hairy vetch and barley, successful cropped mix-seeding of hairy vetch and rye, and not fertilizer. The brix degree, moisture, protein, and ash content of the sweet potatoes did not significantly change with the cultivated conditions. However amylose, total dietary fiber, and mineral content had significant changes. The total polyphenol, flavonoid, and tannin content of the methanolic extracts of the sweet potato's pericarp showed significant differences from cultivated conditions, however, the sweet potato's sarcocarp did not significantly change. The highest DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities of the methanolic extracts of the sweet potatoes were 958.81 and 663.53 mg TE/100 g in the sweet potato's pericarp on the successful cropped hairy vetch culture. Generally, there was a difference in antioxidant compound content and radical scavenging activity on the methanolic extract of sweet potato with cultivated conditions.

Appling Nursing Theory to Clinical Practice of Home Health Care (가정간호실무에 적용가능한 이론적틀)

  • Woo, Seon-Hye
    • Journal of Korean Academic Society of Home Health Care Nursing
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    • v.11 no.1
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    • pp.5-13
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    • 2004
  • The home health care industry has grown rapidly and can be expected to continue to grow in the foreseeable future. Home health care refers to the practice of nursing applied to clients with a health condition in the clients place of residence. clients and their designated care givers are the focus at home health nursing practice. The goal of care is to initiate. manage and evaluate the resources needed to promote the clients optimal level of well-being and function. Nursing activities necessary to achieve this goal may warrant preventive maintenance and restorative emphases to prevent potential problems from developing. Many project program were suggested home health care model for Korea's health care system and policy direction for expansion and establishment of home health care .But the aim of this paper is to provide on overview for theoretical frame work in home health care. Theories and conceptual frameworks or models are important nursing because they define and guide the boundaries of professional practice and identify key nurse-patient-caregiver relationships that emerge with caring. Following is the research with an investigation of the literature review in the University of Arizona international medline database, In conclusion, are as followers: First, many nursing theorists have had a tremendous impact on nursing practice. the following highlights those nursing theorists that are particularly helpful in understanding home health care. 1. Florence Nightingale : Our earliest theoretical legacy. Nightingale's believes are reflected in basic infection control practice such as hand washing and infectious waste disposal and are key nursing interventions in home care. 2. Martha Roger's :Science of unitary human beings theory. Rorger's believed that the focus of shared. non invasive healing modelities is the human environmental field rather than direct physical care. These modelities continue to evolve as our awareness (reflecting greater diversity, faster rhythms, motions, and ways of knowing) transcends time and space, allowing individuals to get in touch with their integral nature of unbroken wholeness. On people as ever changing energy fields have special relevance in home care especially with hospice and palliative care applications. 3. Madeline Leininger's; Transcultural nursing theory. Home care nurses move through a variety of communities and often care for patients from different cultural back grounds. Therefore Leininger's work has a good that with home care because home care nursing practice is very culturally focused. 4. Dorothea Orem's : Self care deficit theory. Orem's theory views care as something to be performed by both nurses and patients. The role of the nurse is to provide education and support that help patients acquire the necessary activities to perform self-care. Orem's theory is foundational to have care because it begins to truly acknowledge the role of the patient in managing his or her own health. which is referred to as self-care. 5. Margaret Neuman's; Health as expending consciousness theory. Neuman believes that health compasses disease and reflects an underlying pattern of person-environment interaction. A key application of 'Neuman's work to home care is for nurses to understand that health and illness do not necessarily exist at opposite ends of a continuum. 6. Jean Watson's: Theory of human caring. Watson's theory of human caring in nursing proposes human caring as the moral ideal of nursing. Nurses participate human caring to protect, enhance and preserve humanity by assisting individuals to fing meaning in illness. pain and existence and to help others gain self knowledge. self control. and self healing such thinking lends richness to theory development. as well as clinical practice in home care. Second, Robin Rice : Dynamic self determination for self care. (A theoretical framework for home care) Dynamical self determination for self care can be useful to home care nurses in a variety of ways. As research tool it can be reflected in the interview process when the home visit. The home care nurse's role is that of facilitator of patient self-determination for self care through numerous strategies. including patient education and case management.

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CO2 Fixation by Magnesium Hydroxide from Ferro-Nickel Slag (페로니켈 슬래그로 부터 제조된 Mg(OH)2를 이용한 CO2 고정화)

  • Song, Hao-Yang;Seo, Jong-Beom;Kang, Seong-Kuy;Kim, In-Deuk;Choi, Bong-Wook;Oh, Kwang-Joong
    • Clean Technology
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    • v.20 no.1
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    • pp.42-50
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    • 2014
  • In this study, the $Mg(OH)_2$ slurry was made form ferro-nickel slag and then used for $CO_2$ sequestration. The experiments were in the order as leaching step, precipitation, carbonation experiments. According to the leaching results, the optimal leaching conditions were $H_2SO_4$ concentration of 1 M and the temperature of 333 K. In the $Mg(OH)_2$ manufacturing step, NaOH was added to increase the pH upto 8, the first precipitation was confirmed as $Fe_2O_3$. After removal the first precipitation, the pH was upto 11, the $Mg(OH)_2$ was generated by XRD analysis. The $Mg(OH)_2$ slurry was used for $CO_2$ sequestration. The pseudo-second-order carbonation model was used to apply for $CO_2$ sequestration. The $CO_2$ sequestration rate was increased by the $CO_2$ partial pressure and temperature. However, $CO_2$ sequestration rate was decreased when temperature upto 323 K. After $CO_2$ sequestrated by $Mg(OH)_2$, the $CO_2$ can be sequestrated stable as $MgCO_3$. This study also presented optimal sequestration condition was the pH upto 8.38, the maximum $MgCO_3$ can be generated. This study can be used as the basic material for $CO_2$ sequestration by ferro-nickel slag at pilot scale in the future.

Lived Experience of patients with Terminal Cancer : Parses Human Becoming Methodology (말기 암환자의 체험에 관한 현상학적 연구)

  • 이옥자
    • Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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    • v.25 no.3
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    • pp.510-537
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    • 1995
  • Human health is an integral part of experience in the process of Human Becoming. Through continual interaction with the environment human beings freely choose experience and develop as responsible beings. The process of the health experience of patient with terminal cancer is a unique. he objective of this study is to understand the lived experience of patients with terminal cancer in order to provide basic information for nursing care in the clinical setting and to develop a theoretical background for clinical practice. This study is to de-scribe and define the lived experience of patients with terminal cancer in order to provide a foundation for nursing research and education. Data collection has been done between December 1993 and November 1994. The subjects included five persons -four females and one male : one who was in her sixties, one in his fifties, two in their forties, and one who was in her thirties. The researcher has met with these patients 35 times, but at eight times the patient was in a stuporous condition and not able to participate, so these were not included in the data analysis. Parse's "Human Becoming Methodology", an existential phenomenological research methodology is used for this study. Data has been collected using he dialogical engagement process of "I and You", the participant researcher and the participant subject. Dialogical engagement was discontinued when the data was theoretically saturated. Data was analyzed using the extraction - synthesis and heuristic interpretation. The criteria of Guba and Lincoln(1985). and Sandelo wski(1986) : credibility, auditability, fitness and objectivity were used to test the validity and reliability of the data. The following is a description of the structure of the lived experience of patients with terminal cancer as defined by this study : 1. Structure : 1) Suffering through the reminiscence of past experience 2) The appearance of complex emotions related to life and connectedness 3) The increasing importance of significant people and of the Absolute Being 4) The increasing realization of the importance of health and belief 5) Desire for a return to health and a peaceful life or for acceptance of dying and a comfortable death In summary the structure of the lived experience of these patients can be said to be : suffering comes through reminiscence of past experience, and there are complex emotions related to life and connectedness. Significant people and the Absolute Being become increasingly important along with a realization of the importance of health and faith. And finally there is a desire for either a return to health and a peaceful life or for the acceptance of dying and a comfortable death. 2. Heuristic Interpretation : Using Parse's Human Becoming Methodology, the structure of the lived experience of patients with terminal cancer identified in this research is interpreted as. The lived experience of patients with terminal cancer involves the solving of past conflicts, and the experience of the healing and valuing of sorrow and pain. Through the relation of life and health, and the complex emotions that arise, the lived experience of revealing - concealing is of paradoxical emotions. The increasing importance of significant others and of the Absolute Being shows Connecting and Separating an on- going process of nearness and farness. Revision of thoughts about health and faith is interpreted as transforming and desire for restoration to health and a peaceful life or acceptance of dying and a cowfortable death, as powering. In summary, it is possible to see, in the lived experience of patients with terminal cancer, the relationship of the five concepts of Parse's theory : valuing, revealing -concealing, connecting-separating, transforming, and powering. From Parse's theory, the results of this study show that meaning is related to valuing, rhythmicity to revealing-concealing and connect-ing-separating, and cotranscendence to transforming and powering.

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Analysis of Hydrological Impact Using Climate Change Scenarios and the CA-Markov Technique on Soyanggang-dam Watershed (CA-Markov 기법을 이용한 기후변화에 따른 소양강댐 유역의 수문분석)

  • Lim, Hyuk-Jin;Kwon, Hyung-Joong;Bae, Deg-Hyo;Kim, Seong-Joon
    • Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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    • v.39 no.5 s.166
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    • pp.453-466
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    • 2006
  • The objective of this study was to analyze the changes in the hydrological environment in Soyanggang-dam watershed due to climate change results (in yews 2050 and 2100) which were simulated using CCCma CGCM2 based on SRES A2 and B2. The SRES A2 and B2 were used to estimate NDVI values for selected land use using the relation of NDVI-Temperature using linear regression of observed data (in years 1998$\sim$2002). Land use change based on SRES A2 and B2 was estimated every 5- and 10-year period using the CA-Markov technique based on the 1985, 1990, 1995 and 2000 land cover map classified by Landsat TM satellite images. As a result, the trend in land use change in each land class was reflected. When land use changes in years 2050 and 2100 were simulated using the CA-Markov method, the forest class area declined while the urban, bareground and grassland classes increased. When simulation was done further for future scenarios, the transition change converged and no increasing trend was reflected. The impact assessment of evapotranspiration was conducted by comparing the observed data with the computed results based on three cases supposition scenarios of meteorological data (temperature, global radiation and wind speed) using the FAO Penman-Monteith method. The results showed that the runoff was reduced by about 50% compared with the present hydrologic condition when each SRES and periods were compared. If there was no land use change, the runoff would decline further to about 3$\sim$5%.

Effect of Temperature and Various Pre-treatments on Germination of Hippophae rhamnoides Seeds (갈매보리수나무 종자의 온도 및 여러 가지 전처리에 따른 발아반응)

  • Choi, Chung-Ho
    • Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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    • v.25 no.1
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    • pp.132-141
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    • 2012
  • This study was carried out to test seed germination responses to temperatures and pre-treatments in Hippophae rhamnoides, which has many abilities in antioxidant activity, soil improvement and erosion control. H. rhamnoides seeds were placed at 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and $35^{\circ}C$ under light condition. As the results, germination percentage (GP) was the highest at 15 and $20^{\circ}C$, and mean germination time (MGT), germination rate (GR) and germination value (GV) were the highest at $25^{\circ}C$. Quadratic and linear regression model were used to determine the cardinal temperatures such as base ($T_b$), maximum ($T_m$) and optimum ($T_o$) temperature for germination. In quadratic regression model using PG, $T_b$, $T_m$ and $T_o$ was estimated as 0.6, 36.4 and $18.5^{\circ}C$, respectively, and temperature range for germination was $35.8^{\circ}C$. In linear regression model using GR, $T_b$, $T_m$ and $T_o$ was estimated as 8.3, 35.4 and $25.3^{\circ}C$, respectively, and temperature range for germination was $27.2^{\circ}C$. Germination properties were investigated after H. rhamnoides seeds were treated by prechilling (1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks), stratification (2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks), solid matrix priming (seed : carrier : water = 5 : 1 : 7, 8, 9 and 10), osmo-priming (-0.25, -0.5, -1.0 and -1.5 MPa) and calcium chloride ($CaCl_2$) -priming (100, 200, 300 and 400 mM). The highest GP was observed in $CaCl_2$ 300 and 400 mM treatments, and MGT was the shortest in stratification 6 and 8 weeks treatments. GR and GV were the highest and GP was the second highest when seeds were prechilled for 1 and 2 weeks. Consequently, prechilling 1 or 2 weeks treatment was considered as the appropriate method when we contemplate qualitative and quantitative effects in seedling production.

A Mineralogical Study on the Arsenic Behavior in the Tailings of Nakdong Mine (낙동광산의 광미 내 비소 거동에 대한 광물학적 연구)

  • Lee, Woo-Chun;Cho, Hyen-Goo;Kim, Young-Ho;Kim, Soon-Oh
    • Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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    • v.22 no.4
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    • pp.359-370
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    • 2009
  • Arsenic and heavy metals leached out as a result of oxidation of tailings exposed to the surface pose a serious environmental contamination of mine areas. This study investigated how arsenic behavior is controlled by a variety of processes, such as oxidation of sulfides and formation or alteration of secondary minerals, based on mineralogical methods. The study was carried out using the tailing samples obtained from Nakdong mine located in Jeongseongun, Gangwondo. After separating magnetic and non-magnetic minerals using pretreated tailing samples, each mineral sample was classified according to their colors and metallic lusters observed by the stereoscopic microscope. Subsequently, the mineralogical properties were determined using various instrumental analyses, such as x-ray diffractometer (XRD), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and electron probe micro analyzer (EPMA). The literature review confirmed that various ore minerals were identified in the Nakdong ore deposits. In this study, however, there were observed a few original ore minerals as well as secondary and/or tertiary minerals newly formed as a result of weathering including oxidation. In particular, we did not recognize pyrrhotite which has been known to originally exist in a large abundance, but peculiarly colloform-type iron (oxy)hydroxides were identified, which indicates most of pyrrhotite has been altered by rapid weathering due to its large reactivity. In addition, a secondary scorodites filling the fissure of weathered primary arsenopyrites were identified, and it is speculated that arsenic is immobilized through such a alteration reaction. Also, we observed tertiary iron (oxy)hydroxides were formed as a result of re-alteration of secondary jarosites, and it suggests that the environment of tailing has been changed to high pH from low pH condition which was initiated and developed by oxidation reactions of diverse primary ore minerals. The environmental change is mainly attributed to interactions between secondary minerals and parental rocks around the mine. As a result, not only was the stability of secondary minerals declined, but tertiary minerals were newly formed. As such a process goes through, arsenic which was immobilized is likely to re-dissolve and disperse into surrounding environments.

A Study on Commercial Properties of Supermarket in Kwangju city (광주시 슈퍼마켓의 상업적 특성에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Song-Mee
    • Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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    • v.31 no.1
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    • pp.49-67
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    • 1996
  • On of Revolutionary changes of the commercial facilities is appearance of supermarket since the 1970's. It means modernization of retail establishment size. Simultaneously, and then path of distribution resulted in change. Namely, function of wholesale and retail is mixed, path of distribution is shortened, and then distribution function become more influential. By these changes, producer, manager and consumer can be benefit. That is, a change of commercial part is accurance to change of society and economy of region. The aim of the study is to examine commercial properties of supermarket in Kwangju city, and then, it is concerned with life of residents. Factor analysis is applied to the study. The results are as follows: Four factors are abstracted. The first factor of large explanation on properties of supermarket is accounted for years of management, land lent, number of establishments of wholesale${\cdot>$retail${\cdot>$service, age of manager, distance of neighbour residence, and so on. Namely, these may be regarded as commercial environmental feature. Moreover, regional distribution on the ground of factor score is concentrated on CBD and it's neighbour area, which are the areas of highest land lent in Kwangju city. The second factor is accounted for number of supermarket and number of population in each 'dong' (smallest factor-scored area is new housing complex in an outer ring of Kwangju. The third factor is accounted for number of workers, and size of establishment. Regional distribution is concentrated on neighbour of CBD and the outer ring area. These are scattered in contrast to the first and second factors which are continuous. The fourth factor is noted on a sale price of non-foodstuffs, that is, a feature of formation of goods. The highest factor score areas are the CBD, neighbour area of the CBD and a part of an outer ring area. On the other hand, the property of supermarket is preferred to 'the near distance' according to consumer's viewpoint. Furthermore, the location of supermarket, which is actually used by residents, is almost near residental area. It means that condition of location of supermarket is important in the distance of neighbour residence. Besides, supermarkets in Kwangju city are actually situated at residental area, that is, those locations in Kwangju city correspond to preference of consumer's viewpoint. Moreover, this result corresponds to the first factor of the analysis. Namely, the distance of property of supermarket from neighbour residence has very important effect on both of consumer and manager. In the end, supermarket is strongly related to life of residents. It means that supermarket is also responsible to quality of life. On the other hand, commercial facilities have been changed according to consumer's needs and social environments. For these reasons, commercial properties of supermarket must be reexamined in according to diverse commercial facilities and change of commercial environments.

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The Fusion Effect of Deep Transverse Stroking, Manual Stretching Exercise and Active Muscle Release Technique on Psoas Major Muslce Thickness and Muscle Tone and Pelvic Angle of Non-specific Low Back Pain Patient (비특이성 허리통증환자 큰허리근의 근두께와 근긴장도, 골반각도에 심부횡적강찰법과 수동신장운동, 능동적근육이완기법이 융합적으로 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Ho-Jae;Shim, Jae-Hun;Kim, Ji-Won;Kim, Ki-Song
    • Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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    • v.9 no.3
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    • pp.137-144
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    • 2018
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate the fusion effects and difference them of the deep transverse stroking, manual stretching exercise and active muscle release technique on psoas major muscle thickness and muscle tone, and pelvic angle in non-specific low back pain patients. Psoas major muscle thickness was significantly decreased after the application of the deep transverse stroking $0.19{\pm}0.16cm$ (p <0.05), manual stretching exercise $0.18{\pm}0.14cm$ (p <0.05), and active muscle release technique $0.43{\pm}0.35cm$ (p <0.05). The pelvic angle was significantly decreased after the application of the deep transverse stroking $4.48{\pm}1.63^{\circ}$ (p <0.05), manual stretching exercise $5.36{\pm}2.04^{\circ}$ (p <0.05), and active muscle release technique $7.24{\pm}2.23^{\circ}$ (p <0.05). The Psoas major muscle tone was significantly decreased after application of the deep transverse stroking $0.96{\pm}0.93Hz$ (p <0.05), but manual stretching exercise $0.87{\pm}1.20Hz$ (p> 0.05) and active muscle release technique $0.82{\pm}0.98Hz$ (p> 0.05) there was no significant difference after application. There were no significant differences between the three intervention methods in the pelvic angle and psoas major muscle thickness and tone changes. In order to change psoas major muscle thickness and pelvic angle, three intervention methods should be applied appropriately according to the condition and environment of the patient, and deep transverse stroking is more effective for changing psoas major muscle tone.

Environmental Condition for the Butt-Rot of Conifers by Cauliflower Mushroom (Sparassis crispa) and Wood Quality of Larix kaempferi Damaged by the Fungus (꽃송이버섯에 의한 침엽수 심재부후 발생환경 및 낙엽송 피해목의 재질 특성)

  • Park, Hyun;Oh, Deuk-Sil;Ka, Kang Hyeon;Ryu, Sung-Ryul;Park, Joo-Saeng;Hwang, Jaehong;Park, Jun-Mo
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.98 no.1
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    • pp.16-25
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    • 2009
  • Cauliflower mushroom (Sparassis crispa) is recently recognized as a new edible and/or medicinal mushroom cultivated with conifers. By the way, the mushroom is notorious as a brown-rot fungus that causes a buttrot of larch. So, there should be a careful consideration to apply the mushroom cultivation in coniferous stand. This study was conducted to clarify the seriousness of heartwood decay on conifers such as larch by cauliflower mushroom with surveying the mushroom producing environment and to examine whether the cultivation of cauliflower mushroom produce any problem in conifer stands or not. The mushroom occurred in various coniferous stands such as Larix kaempferi, Pinus koraiensis, P. densiflora and Abies holophylla on fertile soils with adequate moisture. Soil texture of the mushroom producing site was comparatively fine compared to general forest soils; sandy loam, loam and silty loam. Soil pH ranged from 4.6 to 5.2, and organic matter contents were 4~11%, which showed relatively wide range. We could find S. crispa by a DNA technique from the wood that seemed to have no heartwood decay by naked eyes. The damaged wood showed 30% higher moisture contents than that of sound wood, while the compressive strength was 30% lowered down compared to that of sound wood. The fungus may invade conifers through the scars occurred on roots or stems, in this case spore dispersion of the mushroom takes a great role. Thus, we concluded that forest tending activities need to be applied with considering the invasion of S. crispa, and cultivation of cauliflower mushroom in forest should be attempted very carefully. By the way, we also infer that conifer stands can be nurtured without heartwood decay by S. crispa if the stand be managed in good aeration conditions by proper silvicultural practices such as sanitary thinning.