• 대한수의학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.163-168
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• 2005

This study was carried out to investigate the antibiotic resistance pattern of Enterococcus spp. and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) isolated from chicken feces. All isolates showed high resistance to erythromycin (E) and tetracycline (TE). Of the 63 Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) isolates, 73.0% were resistant to E and 98.4% to TE. Of the 44 Enterococcus faecium (E. faecium) isolates, 50.0% were resistant to E and 95.5% to TE. Of the 52 S. aureus isolates, 57.6% were resistant to E and 96.2% to TE. The prevalence of two and three drugs resistance pattern were 28.6% and 17.5% of E. faecalis, 40.9% and 25.0% of E. faecium and 38.5% and 23.1% of S. aureus, respectively. The multiple resistance pattern to six drugs was observed in 1 E. faecalis isolates, and five drugs resistance pattern were seen in 1 E. faecalis, 1 E. faecium and 1 S. aureus isolates. The prevalence of resistant organisms in Korea probably reflects lack of proper antibiotic policy resulting in prolonged and indiscriminate use of antimicrobial agents.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.99-104
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• 2012

Otitis externa (OE) is a frequent disease in the ear canals of dogs. To identify the pathogens causing OE in dogs and to determine their antimicrobial resistances, specimens were collected from animal hospitals in Daejeon. The isolates were examined by morphological and biochemical tests, 16S rRNA analysis and antimicrobial susceptibility tests. We analyzed correlation between the isolated pathogens and external factors of dogs such as breed, age, gender, ear mite, hair in ears and experience with antibiotic therapy. Thirty three strains of bacteria were isolated from 26 of the 68 heads of dogs with OE. The most isolated bacteria were Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) followed by Staphylococcus aureus (Sta. aureus), Sta. pseudointermedius, E. faecium, E. avium and Streptococcus canis (Strep. canis) in order of frequency of occurrence. Isolation frequency of Enterococcus spp. and Staphylococcus spp. were 51.5% and 45.5%, respectively. E. faecalis and E. faecium isolates showed VanB phenotype, which is resistant to vancomycin but sensitive to teicoplanin were 58% and 25%, respectively. Nine isolates among total twelve isolates of E. faecalis were isolated from the dogs treated with antibiotics. There was no methicillin-resistant Sta. aureus (MRSA), but were MR-Sta. pseudointermedius (MRSP) (57.1%) and vancomycin-resistant (VR)-Sta. pseudointermedius (14.3%) (VRSP) showing VanB phenotype. However, vanA, vanB and vanC genes were not detected in VR isolates from the dogs. Taken together, VR-Enterococcus spp. (VRE) is one of the major pathogens in domestic animals, as well as community-and hospital-acquired infection.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.19-25
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• 2007

This study carried out to investigate the genital tract bacterial flora of Thoroughbred mare in Jeju province during March and July, 2006. The specimens were collected from vaginal ucosa and clitorial fossa using a culture swab (BBL, USA) from 100 Thoroughbred mares. Colonies were selected blood and MacConkey agar plate, and identified as standard biochemical properties using Biolog system (Thermo, USA). In this study, 470 gram-negative strains were isolated more frequently than 249 gram-positive strains. We were Isolated Escherichia coli (19.8%), Proteus mirabillis (14.9%), Enterobacter nimipressuralis (7.4%), Enterobacter mobilis (4.7%), Aeromonas encheleia (4.3%), Pseudomonas aeroginosa (3.0%), Staphylococcus aureus (14.9%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (11.2%), Coagulasenegative Staphylococcus spp. (10.0%), Enterococcus faecalis (9.2%), Enterococcus faecium (8.0%), Actinomyces viscosus (7.2%), Micoroccus diversus(6.8%), Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis(5.2%), Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus (3.2%), Other non-beta hemolytic Streptococcus spp. (2.0%) and many others from vaginal mucosa and clitorial fossa in Thoroughbred mares. No significant bacteria (Taylorella equigenitalis and Klebsiella pneumonia) were isolated from the mare genital tract. In antimicrobial agents susceptibility test, it shows a high sensibility in the antibiotics of the most which excepts the streptomycin and neomycinm, kanamycin, spectinomycin, compound sulfonamides. Especially, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. were visible a high sensibility in the all antibiotics. However, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus spp. and E. coli were showed a high antibiotic resistance patterns. These results may provide the basic information to establish strategies for the treatment and prevention of reproductive disease in Thoroughbred mares in Korea.

• 대한미생물학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.19-24
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• 1974

During March to October 1973 at National Medical Center, one thousand four hundred sixty four pathogens that exclude penicillin sensitive organisms such as gonococcus, pneumococcus, streptococcus; ampicillin sensitive H. influenzae and gentamicin sensitive pseudomonas spp, were isolated. These strains identified as follows: Sta. aureus 399 E. coli 359 Sta. epidermidis 183 Klebsiella spp 171 Proteus spp 103 B. anitratum 80 Salmonella spp 68 Enterococcus 53 Shigella spp 48 In general, Sta. epidermidis is regarded as nonpathogen, however, author included pure culture of this bacteria in this study. 1. High susceptibility to staphylococcus reveals cephalosporin, methicillin, gentamicin & leucomycin. 2. Ampicillin is only one susceptible antibiotic to Enterococcus. 3. Cephalosporin and gentamicin reveal susceptible antibiotics to E. coli. 4. Gentamicin is only one susceptible antibiotic to Klebsiella spp. 5. Gentamicin & carbenicillin reveal moderately susceptible antibiotics to Proteus spp. 6. There is no susceptible antibiotic to B. anitratum. 7. About thirty percent strains of salmonella are resistant to chloramphenicol. 8. Carbenicillin, cephalosporin & gentamicin reveal susceptible to shigella spp. 9. Multiple resistant rate to more than two antibiotics which includes tetracycline are as follows. Sta. aureus 56.5% E. coli. 80.9% Shigella spp 93.8%

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.213-217
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• 1999

임상검체에서 분리되는 병원균을 주기적으로 분석하고 이에 대한 항균제 감수성의 변화 양상을 파악하는 것은 임상에서의 적절한 항균제의 선택이나 내성균의 감독과 조절을 위해 필수 적이라 할 수 있다. 저자들은 충북대학병원에 1996년 1년간 내원 환자의 미생물 배양 검사에서 분리, 동정된 1,689균주중 Gram양성인 542균주의 분리 빈도 및 주요 균종에 대하여 항생제 감수성 양상을 조사하였다. Gram 양성 균종은 S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, S. epidermidis, S. hemolyticus, coagulase negative Staphylococcus (CNS), Enterococcus faecalis 순으로 분리되었다. 한편, 항생제 감수성 시험 결과 S. aureus의 항생제 감수성은 penicillin과 gentamicin에 대한 저항성이 현저히 높았으며, teicoplanin 과 vancomycin (MIC$_{50}$ $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml)에 감수성이 높은 것으로 나타났다. CNS의 경우도 S. aureus와 대동소이 한 결과를 보였으나, S. epidermidis의 경우에는 ciprofloxacin과 clindamycin에 감수성 이 높은 것으로 나타났다. Enterococcus spp.는 vancomycin, penicillin, tetracycline 등에 저항성이 매우 높았으며, 검사한 모든 항생제에 대하여 대부분의 감수성이 zig-zag pattern을 보였다.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 1997년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.12-12
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• 1997

CFC-222 is a novel fluoroqinolone antibacterial agent synthesized and under development by the Cheil Jedang Corporation, Korea. CFC-222 exerts the antibacterial activity by inhibition of bacterial DNA gyrase leading to bactericidal action. In in vitro and in vivo preclinical testing, CFC-222 has been shown to possess a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity. In particular CFC-222 is very potent against Gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus spp., Streptocuccus spp. (in particular penicillin G-resistant and -susceptible S. pneumoniae) and Enterococcus spp. when compared to other quinolones (ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin or lomefloxacin). CFC-222 also showed potent activity against the methicillin resistant clinical isolates of S. aureus (MRSA). Against Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli, Pseudomonas and Sarcina) the activity of CFC-222 was slightly weaker than that of ciprofloxacin, but was more potent than that of ofloxacin or lomefloxacin. In urinary systemic infections caused by both Gram-positive and -negative bacteria, CFC-222 demonstrated a potent therapeutic efficacy in particular against Cram-positive bacteria S. aureus, S. pyrogen 203 and S. pneumonia TypeIII.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.10-18
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• 2010

The present study was set to develop comprehensive system for assessing the safety of drinking water using PCR-reverse blot hybridization assay (REBA). The REBA developed in this study can detect waterborne pathogens such as Shigella spp., Salmonella spp., Citrobacter spp., Enterobacter spp., Klebsiella spp., Yersinia spp., Mycobacterium spp., Listeria spp. at the genus level, and Escherichia coli, Citrobacter freundii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Yersinia enterocolitica, Y. pseudotuberculosis, Mycobacterium avium complex, M. marinum, Enterococcus faecalis, and Staphylococcus aureus at the species level, and E. coli O157:H7 at the strain level.

• 약학회지
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.78-83
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• 2006

VISA and VRE are the main causes of surgical infection, urinary tract infections and bacteremia in hospitals. In this study; we selected VISA (Vancomycin Intermediate resistant Staphylococcus aureus) and VRE (Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus) isolated from the clinical isolates. One of the isolated strains indicated the high resistance to severel anti-biotics (Vancomycin, Teicoplanin, Mupirocin, Synercid, Ciprofloxacin, Gentamicin, Lincomycin, Cefotaxim, Meropenem). Antimicrobial activity of Bifidobacterium spp. against VISA and VRE were measured. About $10^4$ cells of VISA or VRE were mixed with 1,5 and 9 ml of Bifidobacterium and the final volume was adjusted to 10 ml with brain heart infusion (BHI) broth. The cell suspension was incubated for 3, 6, 9, and 24 hr, serially diluted and then plated on BHI agar plate. As numbers of Bifidobacterium were increased viable cell count of VISA and VRE decreased. The strongest antimicrobial activity of the Bifidobacterium was observed after 9hr incubation in any mixture, almost completely inhibiting the growth of VISA and VRE.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.519-527
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• 2021

본 연구에서는 국내 건강한 산모의 모유에서 분리한 E. faecalis BMSE-HMP 4주의 용혈여부와 다제내성 균에 대한 항용혈 효능 및 항균 효과를 확인하였다. 분리 균주의 효소 활성을 측정 결과, E. faecalis BMSE-HMP 4주는 지질에 대한 가수분해 효소인 esterase 및 esterase lipase에 대한 활성이 우수하였다. 용혈여부를 확인한 결과, 분리균 모두 용혈반응이 나타나지 않았다. 또한 용혈을 일으키는 다제내성 균주에 대한 항용혈 효능을 검토한 결과, S. aureus CCARM 3855에 대한 항용혈 효능은 BMSE-HMP002가 75.71 ± 10.00%로 가장 높았으며, E. coli DC 2 CCARM 0238과 P. aeruginosa CCARM 0223에 대한 항용혈 효능은 BMSE-HMP001이 각각 76.92 ± 2.99%와 87.93 ± 1.93%로 가장 높게 나타났다. 다제내성균 Staphylococcus spp., Escherichia spp., Pseudomonas spp., Salmonella spp., Klebsiella spp. 및 Enterobacter spp.에 대한 항균활성을 검토한 결과, E. faecalis BMSE-HMP 4주는 그람 양성균주와 그람 음성균주에서 모두 항균력을 보였으며, 분리균 4주 중에서는 BMSE-HMP001과 BMSE-HMP002가 가장 우수한 결과를 보였다. 본 연구에서는 모유유래 유산균 E. faecalis BMSE-HMP 4주의 안전성과 다제내성 균에 의한 용혈 및 항균 효과를 검토하여 유용 유산균으로써 가능성을 확인하였으며, Enterococcus 균주는 항생제 내성 유전자 및 독성 유전자가 없는 경우에 한하여 사용이 가능한 것으로 고시된 바와 같이 본 연구에서 분리한 모유유래 유산균 E. faecalis BMSE-HMP 4주의 항생제 내성 및 독성에 대한 추가적인 연구를 통해 안전성에 대한 입증이 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• 약학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.428-437
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• 1996

The in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of a new fluoroquinolone, DWP20364(1-cyclopropyl-5-amino-6,8-difluoro-7-(2,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.0]oto-4-ene-7-yl)-1 ,4-di-hydro-4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid) were evaluated in comparison with those of ciprofloxacin(CPFX), sparfloxacin(SPFX) and ofloxacin(OFLX). DWP20364 was more potent than CPFX and OFLX against Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp. and Enterococcus faecium MD8b and it was similarly or slightly less active than CPFX against Escherichia spp. and Pseudomonas spp.. For MRSA and OFLX resistant strains (Staphylococcus spp.(14),Enterococcus spp.(4), Acinetobacter spp.(2), Pseudomonas spp.(9), Klebsiella spp.(2) and Serratia spp.(6)),DWP20364(MICs for 90% of strains,0.025 and 12.5${\mu}$g/ml, respectively) was 4 to 32 folds more potent than SPFX and CPFX. The activity of DWP20364 decreased moderately in the presence of 5mM $Mg^{2+}$. However, various pHs and the concentrations of various serum had no effect on the activity of DWP20364. DWP20364 possessed a bacteriocidal effect at the 1MIC against gram positive and gram negative strains. The protective effect of DWP20364 against systemic infections in mice caused by S. aureus Smith or S. aureus L2379 was superior to that of CPFX and SPFX but it was less active than that of CPFX against infection by P. aeruginosa E-2.